2 * @(#)SequenceUtil.java 1.0 September 2009 Copyright (c) 2009 Peter Troshin
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3 * Jalview Web Services version: 2.0 This library is free software; you can
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4 * redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the Apache License
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5 * version 2 as published by the Apache Software Foundation This library is
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6 * distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
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7 * without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
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8 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the Apache License for more details. A copy of the
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9 * license is in apache_license.txt. It is also available here: see:
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10 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt Any republication or derived
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11 * work distributed in source code form must include this copyright and license
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15 package compbio.data.sequence;
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17 import java.io.BufferedReader;
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18 import java.io.BufferedWriter;
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19 import java.io.Closeable;
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20 import java.io.File;
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21 import java.io.FileInputStream;
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22 import java.io.IOException;
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23 import java.io.InputStream;
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24 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
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25 import java.io.OutputStream;
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26 import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
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27 import java.util.ArrayList;
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28 import java.util.HashMap;
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29 import java.util.HashSet;
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30 import java.util.List;
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31 import java.util.Map;
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32 import java.util.Scanner;
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33 import java.util.Set;
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34 import java.util.TreeSet;
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35 import java.util.logging.Level;
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36 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
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37 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
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39 import compbio.util.Util;
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42 * Utility class for operations on sequences
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44 * @author Petr Troshin
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47 public final class SequenceUtil {
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50 * A whitespace character: [\t\n\x0B\f\r]
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52 public static final Pattern WHITE_SPACE = Pattern.compile("\\s");
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57 public static final Pattern DIGIT = Pattern.compile("\\d");
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62 public static final Pattern NONWORD = Pattern.compile("\\W");
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67 public static final Pattern AA = Pattern.compile("[ARNDCQEGHILKMFPSTWYV]+",
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68 Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
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71 * inversion of AA pattern
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73 public static final Pattern NON_AA = Pattern.compile(
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74 "[^ARNDCQEGHILKMFPSTWYV]+", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
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77 * Same as AA pattern but with two additional letters - XU
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79 public static final Pattern AMBIGUOUS_AA = Pattern.compile(
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80 "[ARNDCQEGHILKMFPSTWYVXU]+", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
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83 * Nucleotides a, t, g, c, u
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85 public static final Pattern NUCLEOTIDE = Pattern.compile("[AGTCU]+",
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86 Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
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89 * Ambiguous nucleotide
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91 public static final Pattern AMBIGUOUS_NUCLEOTIDE = Pattern.compile(
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92 "[AGTCRYMKSWHBVDNU]+", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE); // see IUPAC
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96 public static final Pattern NON_NUCLEOTIDE = Pattern.compile("[^AGTCU]+",
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97 Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
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99 private SequenceUtil() {
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100 } // utility class, no instantiation
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103 * public static void write_PirSeq(OutputStream os, FastaSequence seq)
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104 * throws IOException { BufferedWriter pir_out = new BufferedWriter(new
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105 * OutputStreamWriter(os)); pir_out.write(">P1;" + seq.getId() +
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106 * SysPrefs.newlinechar); pir_out.write(seq.getSequence() +
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107 * SysPrefs.newlinechar); pir_out.close(); } public static void
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108 * write_FastaSeq(OutputStream os, FastaSequence seq) throws IOException {
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109 * BufferedWriter fasta_out = new BufferedWriter( new
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110 * OutputStreamWriter(os)); fasta_out.write(">" + seq.getId() +
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111 * SysPrefs.newlinechar); fasta_out.write(seq.getSequence() +
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112 * SysPrefs.newlinechar); fasta_out.close(); }
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116 * @return true is the sequence contains only letters a,c, t, g, u
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118 public static boolean isNucleotideSequence(final FastaSequence s) {
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119 return SequenceUtil.isNonAmbNucleotideSequence(s.getSequence());
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123 * Ambiguous DNA chars : AGTCRYMKSWHBVDN // differs from protein in only one
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126 public static boolean isNonAmbNucleotideSequence(String sequence) {
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127 sequence = SequenceUtil.cleanSequence(sequence);
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128 if (SequenceUtil.DIGIT.matcher(sequence).find()) {
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131 if (SequenceUtil.NON_NUCLEOTIDE.matcher(sequence).find()) {
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134 * System.out.format("I found the text starting at " +
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135 * "index %d and ending at index %d.%n", nonDNAmatcher .start(),
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136 * nonDNAmatcher.end());
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139 final Matcher DNAmatcher = SequenceUtil.NUCLEOTIDE.matcher(sequence);
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140 return DNAmatcher.find();
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144 * Removes all whitespace chars in the sequence string
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147 * @return cleaned up sequence
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149 public static String cleanSequence(String sequence) {
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150 assert sequence != null;
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151 final Matcher m = SequenceUtil.WHITE_SPACE.matcher(sequence);
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152 sequence = m.replaceAll("").toUpperCase();
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157 * Removes all special characters and digits as well as whitespace chars
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158 * from the sequence
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161 * @return cleaned up sequence
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163 public static String deepCleanSequence(String sequence) {
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164 sequence = SequenceUtil.cleanSequence(sequence);
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165 sequence = SequenceUtil.DIGIT.matcher(sequence).replaceAll("");
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166 sequence = SequenceUtil.NONWORD.matcher(sequence).replaceAll("");
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167 final Pattern othernonSeqChars = Pattern.compile("[_-]+");
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168 sequence = othernonSeqChars.matcher(sequence).replaceAll("");
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173 * Remove all non AA chars from the sequence
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176 * the sequence to clean
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177 * @return cleaned sequence
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179 public static String cleanProteinSequence(String sequence) {
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180 return SequenceUtil.NON_AA.matcher(sequence).replaceAll("");
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185 * @return true is the sequence is a protein sequence, false overwise
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187 public static boolean isProteinSequence(String sequence) {
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188 sequence = SequenceUtil.cleanSequence(sequence);
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189 if (SequenceUtil.isNonAmbNucleotideSequence(sequence)) {
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192 if (SequenceUtil.DIGIT.matcher(sequence).find()) {
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195 if (SequenceUtil.NON_AA.matcher(sequence).find()) {
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198 final Matcher protmatcher = SequenceUtil.AA.matcher(sequence);
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199 return protmatcher.find();
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203 * Check whether the sequence confirms to amboguous protein sequence
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206 * @return return true only if the sequence if ambiguous protein sequence
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207 * Return false otherwise. e.g. if the sequence is non-ambiguous
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210 public static boolean isAmbiguosProtein(String sequence) {
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211 sequence = SequenceUtil.cleanSequence(sequence);
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212 if (SequenceUtil.isNonAmbNucleotideSequence(sequence)) {
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215 if (SequenceUtil.DIGIT.matcher(sequence).find()) {
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218 if (SequenceUtil.NON_AA.matcher(sequence).find()) {
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221 if (SequenceUtil.AA.matcher(sequence).find()) {
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224 final Matcher amb_prot = SequenceUtil.AMBIGUOUS_AA.matcher(sequence);
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225 return amb_prot.find();
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229 * Writes list of FastaSequeces into the outstream formatting the sequence
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230 * so that it contains width chars on each line
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235 * - the maximum number of characters to write in one line
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236 * @throws IOException
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238 public static void writeFasta(final OutputStream outstream,
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239 final List<FastaSequence> sequences, final int width)
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240 throws IOException {
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241 writeFastaKeepTheStream(outstream, sequences, width);
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245 public static void writeFastaKeepTheStream(final OutputStream outstream,
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246 final List<FastaSequence> sequences, final int width)
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247 throws IOException {
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248 final OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(outstream);
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249 final BufferedWriter fastawriter = new BufferedWriter(writer);
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250 for (final FastaSequence fs : sequences) {
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251 fastawriter.write(">" + fs.getId() + "\n");
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252 fastawriter.write(fs.getFormatedSequence(width));
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253 fastawriter.write("\n");
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255 fastawriter.flush();
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260 * Reads fasta sequences from inStream into the list of FastaSequence
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265 * @return list of FastaSequence objects
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266 * @throws IOException
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268 public static List<FastaSequence> readFasta(final InputStream inStream)
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269 throws IOException {
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270 final List<FastaSequence> seqs = new ArrayList<FastaSequence>();
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272 final BufferedReader infasta = new BufferedReader(
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273 new InputStreamReader(inStream, "UTF8"), 16000);
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274 final Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("//s+");
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277 String sname = "", seqstr = null;
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279 line = infasta.readLine();
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280 if ((line == null) || line.startsWith(">")) {
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281 if (seqstr != null) {
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282 seqs.add(new FastaSequence(sname.substring(1), seqstr));
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284 sname = line; // remove >
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287 final String subseq = pattern.matcher(line).replaceAll("");
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290 } while (line != null);
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297 * Writes FastaSequence in the file, each sequence will take one line only
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301 * @throws IOException
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303 public static void writeFasta(final OutputStream os,
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304 final List<FastaSequence> sequences) throws IOException {
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305 final OutputStreamWriter outWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(os);
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306 final BufferedWriter fasta_out = new BufferedWriter(outWriter);
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307 for (final FastaSequence fs : sequences) {
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308 fasta_out.write(fs.getOnelineFasta());
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315 * Read IUPred output
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319 * @throws IOException
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320 * @throws UnknownFileFormatException
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322 public static Map<String, Score> readIUPred(final File result)
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323 throws IOException, UnknownFileFormatException {
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324 InputStream input = new FileInputStream(result);
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325 Map<String, Score> sequences = readIUPred(input,
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326 IUPredResult.getType(result));
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331 // Check the type of the file e.g. long| short or domain
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346 * @throws IOException
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347 * @throws UnknownFileFormatException
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351 private static Map<String, Score> readIUPred(InputStream input,
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352 IUPredResult type) throws IOException, UnknownFileFormatException {
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354 Score score = null;
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355 final Map<String, Score> seqs = new HashMap<String, Score>();
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356 Scanner scan = new Scanner(input);
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357 scan.useDelimiter("#");
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358 while (scan.hasNext()) {
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359 String nextEntry = scan.next();
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360 Scanner entry = new Scanner(nextEntry);
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361 String name = entry.nextLine().trim();
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363 if (IUPredResult.Glob == type) {
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365 TreeSet<Range> ranges = parseIUPredDomains(entry);
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366 score = new Score(type, ranges);
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368 // parse short | long
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369 float[] scores = parseIUPredScores(entry);
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370 score = new Score(type, scores);
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373 seqs.put(name, score);
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383 * Number of globular domains: 2
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385 * globular domain 1. 98 - 269
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387 * globular domain 2. 431 - 482
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391 * meepqsdpsv epplsqetfs dlwkllpenn vlsplpsqam ddlmlspddi eqwftedpgp
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395 private static TreeSet<Range> parseIUPredDomains(Scanner scan) {
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396 String header = "Number of globular domains:";
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397 String domainPref = "globular domain";
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398 TreeSet<Range> ranges = new TreeSet<Range>();
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399 String line = scan.nextLine().trim();
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400 assert line.startsWith(header);
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401 line = line.substring(header.length()).trim();
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402 int domainNum = Integer.parseInt(line);
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403 if (domainNum == 0) {
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407 for (int i = 0; i < domainNum; i++) {
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408 assert scan.hasNextLine();
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409 line = scan.nextLine();
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410 assert line.trim().startsWith(domainPref);
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411 line = line.substring(line.indexOf(".") + 1).trim();
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412 Range r = new Range(line.split("-"));
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423 private static float[] parseIUPredScores(Scanner scan)
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424 throws UnknownFileFormatException {
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425 List<String> annotation = new ArrayList<String>();
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426 while (scan.hasNextLine()) {
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427 String line = scan.nextLine().trim();
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428 String[] val = line.split("\\s+");
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429 annotation.add(val[2]);
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431 return convertToNumber(annotation
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432 .toArray(new String[annotation.size()]));
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435 public static Map<String, Score> readJRonn(final File result)
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436 throws IOException, UnknownFileFormatException {
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437 InputStream input = new FileInputStream(result);
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438 Map<String, Score> sequences = readJRonn(input);
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444 * Reader for JRonn horizontal file format
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447 * >Foobar M G D T T A G 0.48 0.42
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448 * 0.42 0.48 0.52 0.53 0.54
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451 * Where all values are tab delimited
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454 * the InputStream connected to the JRonn output file
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455 * @return List of {@link AnnotatedSequence} objects
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456 * @throws IOException
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457 * is thrown if the inStream has problems accessing the data
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458 * @throws UnknownFileFormatException
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459 * is thrown if the inStream represents an unknown source of
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460 * data, i.e. not a JRonn output
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462 public static Map<String, Score> readJRonn(final InputStream inStream)
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463 throws IOException, UnknownFileFormatException {
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464 final Map<String, Score> seqs = new HashMap<String, Score>();
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466 final BufferedReader infasta = new BufferedReader(
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467 new InputStreamReader(inStream, "UTF8"), 16000);
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472 line = infasta.readLine();
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473 if (line == null || line.isEmpty()) {
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474 // skip empty lines
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477 if (line.startsWith(">")) {
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479 sname = line.trim().substring(1);
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480 // read sequence line
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481 line = infasta.readLine();
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482 final String sequence = line.replace("\t", "");
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483 // read annotation line
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484 line = infasta.readLine();
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485 String[] annotValues = line.split("\t");
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486 float[] annotation = convertToNumber(annotValues);
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487 if (annotation.length != sequence.length()) {
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488 throw new UnknownFileFormatException(
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489 "File does not look like Jronn horizontally formatted output file!\n"
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490 + JRONN_WRONG_FORMAT_MESSAGE);
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492 seqs.put(sname, new Score(DisorderMethod.JRonn, annotation));
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494 } while (line != null);
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500 private static float[] convertToNumber(String[] annotValues)
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501 throws UnknownFileFormatException {
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502 float[] annotation = new float[annotValues.length];
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504 for (int i = 0; i < annotation.length; i++) {
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505 annotation[i] = Float.parseFloat(annotValues[i]);
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507 } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
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508 throw new UnknownFileFormatException(JRONN_WRONG_FORMAT_MESSAGE,
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514 private static final String JRONN_WRONG_FORMAT_MESSAGE = "Jronn file must be in the following format:\n"
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515 + ">sequence_name\n "
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517 + "0.43 0.22 0.65\n"
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518 + "Where first line is the sequence name,\n"
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519 + "second line is the tab delimited sequence,\n"
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520 + "third line contains tab delimited disorder prediction values.\n"
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521 + "No lines are allowed between these three. Additionally, the number of "
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522 + "sequence residues must be equal to the number of the disorder values.";
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525 * Closes the Closable and logs the exception if any
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530 public final static void closeSilently(java.util.logging.Logger log,
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531 Closeable stream) {
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532 if (stream != null) {
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535 } catch (IOException e) {
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536 log.log(Level.WARNING, e.getLocalizedMessage(), e.getCause());
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543 > Foobar_dundeefriends
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545 * # COILS 34-41, 50-58, 83-91, 118-127, 160-169, 191-220, 243-252, 287-343
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549 * # HOTLOOPS 190-204
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551 * # RESIDUE COILS REM465 HOTLOOPS
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553 * M 0.86010 0.88512 0.37094
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555 * T 0.79983 0.85864 0.44331
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557 * >Next Sequence name
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562 * @throws IOException
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563 * @throws UnknownFileFormatException
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565 public static HashMap<String, Set<Score>> readDisembl(
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566 final InputStream input) throws IOException,
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567 UnknownFileFormatException {
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568 Scanner scan = new Scanner(input);
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569 scan.useDelimiter(">");
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570 if (!scan.hasNext()) {
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571 throw new UnknownFileFormatException(
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572 "In Disembl score format each sequence score is expected "
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573 + "to start from the line: >Sequence name "
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574 + " No such line was found!");
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577 HashMap<String, Set<Score>> results = new HashMap<String, Set<Score>>();
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578 int seqCounter = 0;
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579 while (scan.hasNext()) {
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581 String singleSeq = scan.next();
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582 Scanner scansingle = new Scanner(singleSeq);
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583 if (!scansingle.hasNextLine()) {
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584 throw new RuntimeException(
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585 "The input looks like an incomplete disembl file - cannot parse!");
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588 StringBuffer seqbuffer = new StringBuffer();
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589 ArrayList<Float> coils = new ArrayList<Float>();
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590 ArrayList<Float> rem = new ArrayList<Float>();
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591 ArrayList<Float> hotloops = new ArrayList<Float>();
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593 String sequenceName = scansingle.nextLine().trim();
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594 TreeSet<Range> coilsR = parseRanges(DisemblResult.COILS,
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595 scansingle.nextLine());
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596 TreeSet<Range> rem465R = parseRanges(DisemblResult.REM465,
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597 scansingle.nextLine());
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598 TreeSet<Range> loopsR = parseRanges(DisemblResult.HOTLOOPS,
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599 scansingle.nextLine());
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601 String title = scansingle.nextLine();
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602 assert title.startsWith("# RESIDUE COILS REM465 HOTLOOPS") : ">Sequence_name must follow column title: # RESIDUE COILS REM465 HOTLOOPS!";
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604 while (scansingle.hasNext()) {
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605 seqbuffer.append(scansingle.next());
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606 coils.add(scansingle.nextFloat());
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607 rem.add(scansingle.nextFloat());
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608 hotloops.add(scansingle.nextFloat());
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611 * Also possible FastaSequence fs = new FastaSequence(sequenceName,
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612 * seqbuffer.toString());
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614 HashSet<Score> scores = new HashSet<Score>();
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615 scores.add(new Score(DisemblResult.COILS, coils, coilsR));
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616 scores.add(new Score(DisemblResult.HOTLOOPS, hotloops, rem465R));
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617 scores.add(new Score(DisemblResult.REM465, rem, loopsR));
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618 results.put(sequenceName, scores);
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620 scansingle.close();
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630 * # COILS 34-41, 50-58, 83-91, 118-127, 160-169, 191-220, 243-252, 287-343,
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631 * 350-391, 429-485, 497-506, 539-547
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635 * # HOTLOOPS 190-204
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640 private static TreeSet<Range> parseRanges(Enum resultType, String lines) {
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641 TreeSet<Range> ranges = new TreeSet<Range>();
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643 Scanner scan = new Scanner(lines);
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645 assert scan.hasNext();
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646 String del = scan.next();
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647 assert "#".equals(del); // pass delimiter #
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648 String type = scan.next(); // pass enum name e.g. COILS
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649 assert resultType.toString().equalsIgnoreCase(type) : "Unknown result type: "
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650 + resultType.toString();
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652 // beginning of the ranges
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653 scan.useDelimiter(",");
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654 while (scan.hasNext()) {
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655 String range = scan.next();
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656 if (!Util.isEmpty(range)) {
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657 ranges.add(new Range(range.split("-")));
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665 > Foobar_dundeefriends
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667 * # COILS 34-41, 50-58, 83-91, 118-127, 160-169, 191-220, 243-252, 287-343
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671 * # HOTLOOPS 190-204
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673 * # RESIDUE COILS REM465 HOTLOOPS
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675 * M 0.86010 0.88512 0.37094
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677 * T 0.79983 0.85864 0.44331
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679 * >Next Sequence name
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684 * @throws IOException
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685 * @throws UnknownFileFormatException
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687 public static HashMap<String, Set<Score>> readGlobPlot(
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688 final InputStream input) throws IOException,
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689 UnknownFileFormatException {
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690 Scanner scan = new Scanner(input);
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691 scan.useDelimiter(">");
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692 if (!scan.hasNext()) {
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693 throw new UnknownFileFormatException(
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694 "In GlobPlot score format each sequence score is expected "
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695 + "to start from the line: >Sequence name "
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696 + " No such line was found!");
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699 HashMap<String, Set<Score>> results = new HashMap<String, Set<Score>>();
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700 int seqCounter = 0;
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701 while (scan.hasNext()) {
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703 String singleSeq = scan.next();
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704 Scanner scansingle = new Scanner(singleSeq);
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705 if (!scansingle.hasNextLine()) {
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706 throw new RuntimeException(
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707 "The input looks like an incomplete GlobPlot file - cannot parse!");
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710 StringBuffer seqbuffer = new StringBuffer();
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711 ArrayList<Float> dydxScore = new ArrayList<Float>();
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712 ArrayList<Float> rawScore = new ArrayList<Float>();
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713 ArrayList<Float> smoothedScore = new ArrayList<Float>();
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715 String sequenceName = scansingle.nextLine().trim();
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716 TreeSet<Range> domsR = parseRanges(GlobProtResult.GlobDoms,
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717 scansingle.nextLine());
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718 TreeSet<Range> disorderR = parseRanges(GlobProtResult.Disorder,
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719 scansingle.nextLine());
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721 String title = scansingle.nextLine();
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722 assert title.startsWith("# RESIDUE DYDX") : ">Sequence_name must follow column title: # RESIDUE DYDX RAW SMOOTHED!";
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724 while (scansingle.hasNext()) {
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725 seqbuffer.append(scansingle.next());
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726 dydxScore.add(scansingle.nextFloat());
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727 rawScore.add(scansingle.nextFloat());
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728 smoothedScore.add(scansingle.nextFloat());
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731 * Also possible FastaSequence fs = new FastaSequence(sequenceName,
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732 * seqbuffer.toString());
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734 Set<Score> scores = new TreeSet<Score>();
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735 scores.add(new Score(GlobProtResult.Disorder, disorderR));
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736 scores.add(new Score(GlobProtResult.GlobDoms, domsR));
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737 scores.add(new Score(GlobProtResult.Dydx, dydxScore));
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738 scores.add(new Score(GlobProtResult.RawScore, rawScore));
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739 scores.add(new Score(GlobProtResult.SmoothedScore, smoothedScore));
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740 results.put(sequenceName, scores);
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742 scansingle.close();
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749 * Read AACon result with no alignment files. This method leaves incoming
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750 * InputStream open!
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753 * output file of AAConservation
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754 * @return Map with keys {@link ConservationMethod} -> float[]
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756 public static HashSet<Score> readAAConResults(InputStream results) {
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757 if (results == null) {
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758 throw new NullPointerException(
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759 "InputStream with results must be provided");
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761 HashSet<Score> annotations = new HashSet<Score>();
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762 Scanner sc = new Scanner(results);
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763 sc.useDelimiter("#");
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764 while (sc.hasNext()) {
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765 String line = sc.next();
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766 int spacePos = line.indexOf(" ");
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767 assert spacePos > 0 : "Space is expected as delimited between method "
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768 + "name and values!";
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769 String methodLine = line.substring(0, spacePos);
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770 ConservationMethod method = ConservationMethod
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771 .getMethod(methodLine);
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772 assert method != null : "Method " + methodLine
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773 + " is not recognized! ";
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774 Scanner valuesScanner = new Scanner(line.substring(spacePos));
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775 ArrayList<Float> values = new ArrayList<Float>();
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776 while (valuesScanner.hasNextDouble()) {
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777 Double value = valuesScanner.nextDouble();
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778 values.add(value.floatValue());
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780 annotations.add(new Score(method, values));
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782 return annotations;
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786 * Reads and parses Fasta or Clustal formatted file into a list of
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787 * FastaSequence objects
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789 * @param inFilePath
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790 * the path to the input file
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791 * @throws IOException
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792 * if the file denoted by inFilePath cannot be read
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793 * @throws UnknownFileFormatException
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794 * if the inFilePath points to the file which format cannot be
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796 * @return the List of FastaSequence objects
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799 public static List<FastaSequence> openInputStream(String inFilePath)
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800 throws IOException, UnknownFileFormatException {
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802 // This stream gets closed in isValidClustalFile method
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803 InputStream inStrForValidation = new FileInputStream(inFilePath);
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804 // This stream is closed in the calling methods
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805 InputStream inStr = new FileInputStream(inFilePath);
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806 List<FastaSequence> fastaSeqs = null;
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807 if (ClustalAlignmentUtil.isValidClustalFile(inStrForValidation)) {
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808 Alignment al = ClustalAlignmentUtil.readClustalFile(inStr);
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809 // alignment cannot be null see
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810 // ClustalAlignmentUtil.readClustalFile(inStr);
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811 fastaSeqs = al.getSequences();
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813 fastaSeqs = SequenceUtil.readFasta(inStr);
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820 enum DisemblResult {
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821 /** These contains ranges and scores */
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822 COILS, REM465, HOTLOOPS
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824 enum GlobProtResult {
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825 /** This a range with no scores */
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827 /** This a range with no scores */
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829 /** This a score with no range */
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831 /** This a score with no range */
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833 /** This a score with no range */
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837 enum IUPredResult {
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851 static IUPredResult getType(File file) {
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852 assert file != null;
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853 String name = file.getName();
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854 if (name.endsWith(Long.toString().toLowerCase())) {
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857 if (name.endsWith(Short.toString().toLowerCase())) {
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860 if (name.endsWith(Glob.toString().toLowerCase())) {
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863 throw new AssertionError(
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864 "IUPred result file type cannot be recognised! "
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865 + "\nFile must ends with one of [glob, long or short]"
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866 + "\n but given file name was: " + file.getName());
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