2 // FORESTER -- software libraries and applications
3 // for evolutionary biology research and applications.
5 // Copyright (C) 2017 Christian M. Zmasek
8 // This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
9 // modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
10 // License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
11 // version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
13 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 // Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
19 // License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
20 // Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
22 // WWW: https://sites.google.com/site/cmzmasek/home/software/forester
24 package org.forester.application;
27 import java.io.FilenameFilter;
28 import java.io.IOException;
29 import java.util.ArrayList;
30 import java.util.Arrays;
31 import java.util.List;
33 import org.forester.rio.RIO;
34 import org.forester.rio.RIO.REROOTING;
35 import org.forester.rio.RIOUtil;
36 import org.forester.sdi.SDIutil.ALGORITHM;
37 import org.forester.util.CommandLineArguments;
38 import org.forester.util.EasyWriter;
39 import org.forester.util.ForesterUtil;
44 public final static String PRG_NAME = "rio";
45 public final static String PRG_VERSION = "5.000";
46 public final static String PRG_DATE = "170411";
47 final static private String E_MAIL = "phyloxml@gmail.com";
48 final static private String WWW = "https://sites.google.com/site/cmzmasek/home/software/forester";
49 final static private String HELP_OPTION_1 = "help";
50 final static private String LOGFILE_SUFFIX = "_RIO_log.tsv";
51 final static private String STRIPPED_SPECIES_TREE_SUFFIX = "_RIO_sst.xml";
52 final static private String ORTHO_OUTTABLE_SUFFIX = "_RIO_orthologies.tsv";
53 final static private String ORTHO_OUTTABLE_WITH_MAP_SUFFIX = "_RIO_orthologies_ext_map.tsv";
54 final static private String OUT_MIN_DUP_GENE_TREE_SUFFIX = "_RIO_gene_tree_min_dup_";
55 final static private String OUT_MED_DUP_GENE_TREE_SUFFIX = "_RIO_gene_tree_med_dup_";
56 final static private String ORTHOLOG_GROUPS_SUFFIX = "_RIO_ortholog_groups.tsv";
57 final static private String HELP_OPTION_2 = "h";
58 final static private String GT_FIRST = "f";
59 final static private String GT_LAST = "l";
60 final static private String REROOTING_OPT = "r";
61 final static private String OUTGROUP = "o";
62 final static private String USE_SDIR = "s";
63 final static private String GENE_TREES_SUFFIX_OPTION = "g";
64 final static private String MAPPINGS_DIR_OPTION = "m";
65 final static private String MAPPINGS_SUFFIX_OPTION = "ms";
66 final static private String MAPPINGS_SUFFIX_DEFAULT = ".nim";
67 final static private String ORTHOLOG_GROUPS_CUTOFF_OPTION = "c";
68 final static private String GENE_TREES_SUFFIX_DEFAULT = ".mlt";
69 final static private double ORTHOLOG_GROUPS_CUTOFF_DEFAULT = 0.5;
71 public static void main( final String[] args ) {
72 ForesterUtil.printProgramInformation( PRG_NAME,
73 "resampled inference of orthologs",
78 ForesterUtil.getForesterLibraryInformation() );
79 CommandLineArguments cla = null;
81 cla = new CommandLineArguments( args );
83 catch ( final Exception e ) {
84 ForesterUtil.fatalError( e.getMessage() );
86 if ( cla.isOptionSet( HELP_OPTION_1 ) || cla.isOptionSet( HELP_OPTION_2 ) || ( args.length == 0 ) ) {
89 if ( ( args.length < 3 ) || ( args.length > 11 ) || ( cla.getNumberOfNames() < 3 ) ) {
91 System.out.println( "error: incorrect number of arguments" );
95 final List<String> allowed_options = new ArrayList<String>();
96 allowed_options.add( GT_FIRST );
97 allowed_options.add( GT_LAST );
98 allowed_options.add( REROOTING_OPT );
99 allowed_options.add( OUTGROUP );
100 allowed_options.add( USE_SDIR );
101 allowed_options.add( GENE_TREES_SUFFIX_OPTION );
102 allowed_options.add( ORTHOLOG_GROUPS_CUTOFF_OPTION );
103 allowed_options.add( MAPPINGS_DIR_OPTION );
104 allowed_options.add( MAPPINGS_SUFFIX_OPTION );
105 final String dissallowed_options = cla.validateAllowedOptionsAsString( allowed_options );
106 if ( dissallowed_options.length() > 0 ) {
107 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "unknown option(s): " + dissallowed_options );
109 final File gene_trees_file = cla.getFile( 0 );
110 final boolean use_dir;
113 if ( gene_trees_file.isDirectory() ) {
114 if ( !gene_trees_file.exists() ) {
115 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "gene trees directory \"" + gene_trees_file + "\" does not exist" );
117 if ( gene_trees_file.listFiles().length < 1 ) {
118 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "gene trees directory \"" + gene_trees_file + "\" is empty" );
121 indir = gene_trees_file;
126 final File species_tree_file = cla.getFile( 1 );
127 File orthology_outtable = null;
129 outdir = cla.getFile( 2 );
132 orthology_outtable = cla.getFile( 2 );
136 if ( ( cla.getNumberOfNames() < 4 ) ) {
137 System.out.println();
138 System.out.println( "error: incorrect number of arguments" );
139 System.out.println();
142 logfile = cla.getFile( 3 );
143 if ( logfile.exists() ) {
144 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "\"" + logfile + "\" already exists" );
148 if ( cla.getNumberOfNames() > 3 ) {
149 logfile = cla.getFile( 3 );
150 if ( logfile.exists() ) {
151 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "\"" + logfile + "\" already exists" );
158 boolean sdir = false;
159 if ( cla.isOptionSet( USE_SDIR ) ) {
160 if ( cla.isOptionHasAValue( USE_SDIR ) ) {
161 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no value allowed for -" + USE_SDIR );
164 if ( !use_dir && logfile != null ) {
165 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no logfile output for SDIR algorithm" );
168 String outgroup = null;
169 if ( cla.isOptionSet( OUTGROUP ) ) {
171 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no outgroup option for SDIR algorithm" );
174 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no outgroup option for operating on gene trees directory" );
176 if ( !cla.isOptionHasAValue( OUTGROUP ) ) {
177 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no value for -" + OUTGROUP );
179 outgroup = cla.getOptionValueAsCleanString( OUTGROUP );
181 REROOTING rerooting = REROOTING.BY_ALGORITHM;
182 if ( cla.isOptionSet( REROOTING_OPT ) ) {
183 if ( !cla.isOptionHasAValue( REROOTING_OPT ) ) {
184 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no value for -" + REROOTING_OPT );
187 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no re-rooting option for SDIR algorithm" );
189 final String rerooting_str = cla.getOptionValueAsCleanString( REROOTING_OPT ).toLowerCase();
190 if ( rerooting_str.equals( "none" ) ) {
191 rerooting = REROOTING.NONE;
193 else if ( rerooting_str.equals( "midpoint" ) ) {
194 rerooting = REROOTING.MIDPOINT;
196 else if ( rerooting_str.equals( "outgroup" ) ) {
198 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no outgroup option for operating on gene trees directory" );
200 rerooting = REROOTING.OUTGROUP;
204 .fatalError( "values for re-rooting are: 'none', 'midpoint', or 'outgroup' (minizming duplications is default)" );
207 if ( ForesterUtil.isEmpty( outgroup ) && ( rerooting == REROOTING.OUTGROUP ) ) {
208 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "selected re-rooting by outgroup, but outgroup not set" );
210 if ( !ForesterUtil.isEmpty( outgroup ) && ( rerooting != REROOTING.OUTGROUP ) ) {
211 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "outgroup set, but selected re-rooting by other approach" );
213 int gt_first = RIO.DEFAULT_RANGE;
214 int gt_last = RIO.DEFAULT_RANGE;
215 if ( cla.isOptionSet( GT_FIRST ) ) {
217 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no gene tree range option for SDIR algorithm" );
219 if ( !cla.isOptionHasAValue( GT_FIRST ) ) {
220 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no value for -" + GT_FIRST );
223 gt_first = cla.getOptionValueAsInt( GT_FIRST );
225 catch ( final IOException e ) {
226 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "could not parse integer for -" + GT_FIRST + " option" );
228 if ( gt_first < 0 ) {
229 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "attempt to set index of first tree to analyze to: " + gt_first );
232 if ( cla.isOptionSet( GT_LAST ) ) {
234 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no gene tree range option for SDIR algorithm" );
236 if ( !cla.isOptionHasAValue( GT_LAST ) ) {
237 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no value for -" + GT_LAST );
240 gt_last = cla.getOptionValueAsInt( GT_LAST );
242 catch ( final IOException e ) {
243 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "could not parse integer for -" + GT_LAST + " option" );
246 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "attempt to set index of last tree to analyze to: " + gt_last );
249 if ( ( ( gt_last != RIO.DEFAULT_RANGE ) && ( gt_first != RIO.DEFAULT_RANGE ) ) && ( ( gt_last < gt_first ) ) ) {
250 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "attempt to set range (0-based) of gene to analyze to: from " + gt_first + " to "
253 double ortholog_group_cutoff = ORTHOLOG_GROUPS_CUTOFF_DEFAULT;
254 if ( cla.isOptionSet( ORTHOLOG_GROUPS_CUTOFF_OPTION ) ) {
256 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "ortholog groups cutoff for SDIR algorithm" );
258 if ( !cla.isOptionHasAValue( ORTHOLOG_GROUPS_CUTOFF_OPTION ) ) {
259 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no value for -" + ORTHOLOG_GROUPS_CUTOFF_OPTION );
262 ortholog_group_cutoff = cla.getOptionValueAsDouble( ORTHOLOG_GROUPS_CUTOFF_OPTION );
264 catch ( final IOException e ) {
265 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "could not parse double for -" + ORTHOLOG_GROUPS_CUTOFF_OPTION + " option" );
267 if ( ortholog_group_cutoff < 0 ) {
268 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "attempt to set ortholog groups cutoff to: " + ortholog_group_cutoff );
270 if ( ortholog_group_cutoff > 1 ) {
271 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "attempt to set ortholog groups cutoff to: " + ortholog_group_cutoff );
275 ForesterUtil.fatalErrorIfFileNotReadable( gene_trees_file );
277 final String gene_trees_suffix;
278 if ( cla.isOptionSet( GENE_TREES_SUFFIX_OPTION ) ) {
280 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no gene tree suffix option when operating on indivual gene trees" );
282 if ( !cla.isOptionHasAValue( GENE_TREES_SUFFIX_OPTION ) ) {
283 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no value for -" + GENE_TREES_SUFFIX_OPTION );
285 gene_trees_suffix = cla.getOptionValueAsCleanString( GENE_TREES_SUFFIX_OPTION );
288 gene_trees_suffix = GENE_TREES_SUFFIX_DEFAULT;
290 final boolean perform_id_mapping;
291 final File id_mapping_dir;
292 if ( cla.isOptionSet( MAPPINGS_DIR_OPTION ) ) {
293 id_mapping_dir = new File( cla.getOptionValue( MAPPINGS_DIR_OPTION ) );
294 perform_id_mapping = true;
296 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no id mapping when operating on indivual gene trees" );
298 if ( !id_mapping_dir.exists() ) {
299 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "id mappings directory \"" + id_mapping_dir + "\" does not exist" );
301 if ( !id_mapping_dir.isDirectory() ) {
302 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "id mappings directory \"" + id_mapping_dir + "\" is not a directory" );
304 if ( id_mapping_dir.listFiles().length < 1 ) {
305 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "id mappings directory \"" + id_mapping_dir + "\" is empty" );
309 id_mapping_dir = null;
310 perform_id_mapping = false;
312 final String id_mapping_suffix;
313 if ( cla.isOptionSet( MAPPINGS_SUFFIX_OPTION ) ) {
315 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no id mapping file suffix option when operating on indivual gene trees" );
317 if ( !perform_id_mapping ) {
318 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no id mapping directory given" );
320 if ( !cla.isOptionHasAValue( MAPPINGS_SUFFIX_OPTION ) ) {
321 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "no value for -" + MAPPINGS_SUFFIX_OPTION );
323 id_mapping_suffix = cla.getOptionValueAsCleanString( MAPPINGS_SUFFIX_OPTION );
326 id_mapping_suffix = MAPPINGS_SUFFIX_DEFAULT;
328 ForesterUtil.fatalErrorIfFileNotReadable( species_tree_file );
329 if ( !use_dir && orthology_outtable.exists() ) {
330 ForesterUtil.fatalError( "\"" + orthology_outtable + "\" already exists" );
335 System.out.println( "Gene trees in-dir :\t" + indir.getCanonicalPath() );
336 System.out.println( "Gene trees suffix :\t" + gene_trees_suffix );
339 System.out.println( "Gene trees :\t" + gene_trees_file.getCanonicalPath() );
341 System.out.println( "Species tree :\t" + species_tree_file.getCanonicalPath() );
343 catch ( final IOException e ) {
344 ForesterUtil.fatalError( e.getLocalizedMessage() );
346 if ( perform_id_mapping ) {
347 System.out.println( "Id mappings in-dir :\t" + id_mapping_dir );
348 System.out.println( "Id mappings suffix :\t" + id_mapping_suffix );
351 System.out.println( "Out-dir :\t" + outdir );
354 System.out.println( "All vs all orthology results table :\t" + orthology_outtable );
356 if ( logfile != null ) {
357 System.out.println( "Logfile :\t" + logfile );
359 System.out.println( "Ortholog groups cutoff :\t" + ortholog_group_cutoff );
360 if ( gt_first != RIO.DEFAULT_RANGE ) {
361 System.out.println( "First gene tree to analyze :\t" + gt_first );
363 if ( gt_last != RIO.DEFAULT_RANGE ) {
364 System.out.println( "Last gene tree to analyze :\t" + gt_last );
366 String rerooting_str = "";
367 switch ( rerooting ) {
369 rerooting_str = "by minimizing duplications";
373 rerooting_str = "by midpoint method";
377 rerooting_str = "by outgroup: " + outgroup;
381 rerooting_str = "none";
385 System.out.println( "Re-rooting : \t" + rerooting_str );
387 System.out.println( "Non binary species tree :\tallowed" );
390 System.out.println( "Non binary species tree :\tdisallowed" );
392 time = System.currentTimeMillis();
393 final ALGORITHM algorithm;
395 algorithm = ALGORITHM.SDIR;
398 algorithm = ALGORITHM.GSDIR;
400 EasyWriter log = null;
402 if ( outdir.exists() ) {
403 if ( !outdir.isDirectory() ) {
404 ForesterUtil.fatalError( PRG_NAME,
405 "out-directory [" + outdir + "] already exists but is not a directory" );
409 final boolean success = outdir.mkdirs();
411 ForesterUtil.fatalError( PRG_NAME, "could not create out-directory [" + outdir + "]" );
414 final String species_tree_file_name = species_tree_file.getName();
415 final File gene_trees_files[] = indir.listFiles( new FilenameFilter() {
418 public boolean accept( final File dir, final String name ) {
419 return ( ( name.endsWith( gene_trees_suffix ) ) && !( name.equals( species_tree_file_name ) ) );
422 if ( gene_trees_files.length < 1 ) {
423 ForesterUtil.fatalError( PRG_NAME,
424 "in-directory [" + indir
425 + "] does not contain any gene tree files with suffix "
426 + gene_trees_suffix );
429 log = ForesterUtil.createEasyWriter( logfile );
431 catch ( final IOException e ) {
432 ForesterUtil.fatalError( PRG_NAME, "could not create [" + logfile + "]" );
434 Arrays.sort( gene_trees_files );
436 log.print( "# program" );
438 log.print( PRG_NAME );
440 log.print( "# version" );
442 log.print( PRG_VERSION );
444 log.print( "# date" );
446 log.print( PRG_DATE );
448 log.print( "# Algorithm " );
450 log.print( algorithm.toString() );
452 log.print( "# Gene trees in-dir" );
454 log.print( indir.getCanonicalPath() );
456 log.print( "# Gene trees suffix" );
458 log.print( gene_trees_suffix );
460 log.print( "# Species tree" );
462 log.print( species_tree_file.getCanonicalPath() );
464 log.print( "# Out-dir" );
466 log.print( outdir.getCanonicalPath() );
468 log.print( "# Logfile" );
470 log.print( logfile.getCanonicalPath() );
472 log.print( "# Ortholog groups cutoff" );
474 log.print( Double.toString( ortholog_group_cutoff ) );
476 if ( gt_first != RIO.DEFAULT_RANGE ) {
477 log.print( "# First gene tree to analyze" );
479 log.print( Integer.toString( gt_first ) );
482 if ( gt_last != RIO.DEFAULT_RANGE ) {
483 log.print( "# Last gene tree to analyze" );
485 log.print( Integer.toString( gt_last ) );
488 log.print( "# Re-rooting" );
490 log.print( rerooting_str );
492 log.print( "# Non binary species tree" );
495 log.print( "allowed" );
498 log.print( "disallowed" );
504 log.print( "EXT NODES" );
506 log.print( ortholog_group_cutoff + " O GROUPS" );
508 log.print( "0.05 O GROUPS" );
510 log.print( "0.25 O GROUPS" );
512 log.print( "0.5 O GROUPS" );
514 log.print( "0.75 O GROUPS" );
516 log.print( "0.95 O GROUPS" );
518 log.print( "MEDIAN DUP" );
520 log.print( "MEAN DUP" );
522 log.print( "MEAN DUP SD" );
524 log.print( "MIN DUP" );
526 log.print( "MAX DUP" );
528 log.print( "REMOVED EXT NODES" );
533 catch ( IOException e ) {
534 ForesterUtil.fatalError( PRG_NAME, e.getLocalizedMessage() );
537 for( final File gf : gene_trees_files ) {
538 String outname = gf.getName();
541 System.out.print( "\r" + counter + "/" + gene_trees_files.length + ": " + outname );
543 if ( outname.indexOf( "." ) > 0 ) {
544 outname = outname.substring( 0, outname.lastIndexOf( "." ) );
547 RIOUtil.executeAnalysis( gf,
549 new File( outdir.getCanonicalFile() + "/" + outname
550 + ORTHO_OUTTABLE_SUFFIX ),
551 new File( outdir.getCanonicalFile() + "/" + outname
552 + ORTHO_OUTTABLE_WITH_MAP_SUFFIX ),
553 new File( outdir.getCanonicalFile() + "/" + outname
554 + ORTHOLOG_GROUPS_SUFFIX ),
555 new File( outdir.getCanonicalFile() + "/" + outname + LOGFILE_SUFFIX ),
560 new File( outdir.getCanonicalFile() + "/" + outname
561 + STRIPPED_SPECIES_TREE_SUFFIX ),
562 new File( outdir.getCanonicalFile() + "/" + outname
563 + OUT_MIN_DUP_GENE_TREE_SUFFIX ),
564 new File( outdir.getCanonicalFile() + "/" + outname
565 + OUT_MED_DUP_GENE_TREE_SUFFIX ),
570 ortholog_group_cutoff,
575 catch ( IOException e ) {
576 ForesterUtil.fatalError( PRG_NAME, e.getLocalizedMessage() );
581 System.out.println();
584 String outname = orthology_outtable.toString();
585 if ( outname.indexOf( "." ) > 0 ) {
586 outname = outname.substring( 0, outname.lastIndexOf( "." ) );
588 RIOUtil.executeAnalysis( gene_trees_file,
592 new File( outname + ORTHOLOG_GROUPS_SUFFIX ),
598 new File( outname + STRIPPED_SPECIES_TREE_SUFFIX ),
599 new File( outname + OUT_MIN_DUP_GENE_TREE_SUFFIX ),
600 new File( outname + OUT_MED_DUP_GENE_TREE_SUFFIX ),
601 algorithm == ALGORITHM.GSDIR,
605 ortholog_group_cutoff,
611 time = System.currentTimeMillis() - time;
612 System.out.println( "Time :\t" + time + "ms" );
618 catch ( IOException e ) {
619 ForesterUtil.fatalError( PRG_NAME, e.getLocalizedMessage() );
621 time = System.currentTimeMillis() - time;
622 System.out.println( "Time :\t" + time + "ms" );
627 private final static void printHelp() {
628 System.out.println( "Usage" );
629 System.out.println();
630 System.out.println( PRG_NAME
631 + " [options] <gene trees infile> <species tree infile> <all vs all orthology table outfile> [logfile]" );
632 System.out.println();
633 System.out.println( PRG_NAME + " [options] <gene trees indir> <species tree infile> <outdir> <logfile>" );
634 System.out.println();
635 System.out.println();
636 System.out.println( " Options" );
637 System.out.println( " -" + GT_FIRST + "=<first> : first gene tree to analyze (0-based index)" );
638 System.out.println( " -" + GT_LAST + "=<last> : last gene tree to analyze (0-based index)" );
639 System.out.println( " -" + ORTHOLOG_GROUPS_CUTOFF_OPTION
640 + "=<cutoff> : cutoff value for ortholog groups (default: " + ORTHOLOG_GROUPS_CUTOFF_DEFAULT + ")" );
641 System.out.println( " -" + REROOTING_OPT
642 + "=<re-rooting>: re-rooting method for gene trees, possible values or 'none', 'midpoint'," );
643 System.out.println( " or 'outgroup' (default: by minizming duplications)" );
644 System.out.println( " -" + OUTGROUP
645 + "=<outgroup> : for rooting by outgroup, name of outgroup (external gene tree node)" );
646 System.out.println( " -" + USE_SDIR
647 + " : to use SDIR instead of GSDIR (faster, but non-binary species trees are" );
648 System.out.println( " disallowed, as are most options)" );
649 System.out.println( " -" + GENE_TREES_SUFFIX_OPTION
650 + "=<suffix> : suffix for gene trees when operating on gene tree directories (default: "
651 + GENE_TREES_SUFFIX_DEFAULT + ")" );
652 System.out.println( " -" + MAPPINGS_DIR_OPTION + "=<dir> : directory for id mapping files" );
653 System.out.println( " -" + MAPPINGS_SUFFIX_OPTION + "=<suffix> : suffix for id mapping files (default: "
654 + MAPPINGS_SUFFIX_DEFAULT + ")" );
655 System.out.println();
656 System.out.println( " Formats" );
658 .println( " The gene trees, as well as the species tree, ideally are in phyloXML (www.phyloxml.org) format," );
660 .println( " but can also be in New Hamphshire (Newick) or Nexus format as long as species information can be" );
662 .println( " extracted from the gene names (e.g. \"HUMAN\" from \"BCL2_HUMAN\") and matched to a single species" );
663 System.out.println( " in the species tree." );
664 System.out.println();
665 System.out.println( " Examples" );
666 System.out.println( " rio -s gene_trees.nh species.xml outtable.tsv" );
667 System.out.println( " rio gene_trees.nh species.xml outtable.tsv log.txt" );
668 System.out.println( " rio -c=0.9 -f=10 -l=100 -r=none gene_trees.xml species.xml outtable.tsv log.txt" );
669 System.out.println( " rio -g=.xml gene_trees_dir species.xml out_dir log.tsv" );
670 System.out.println( " rio -g=.xml -m=mappings -ms=.nim gene_trees_dir species.xml out_dir log.tsv" );
671 System.out.println();