package jalview.io;

import jalview.api.AlignExportSettingsI;
import jalview.api.AlignmentViewPanel;
import jalview.datamodel.HMMNode;
import jalview.datamodel.HiddenMarkovModel;
import jalview.datamodel.SequenceI;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;


/**
 * Adds capability to read in and write out HMMER3 files. .
 * 
 * 
 * @author TZVanaalten
 *
 */
public class HMMFile extends AlignFile
        implements AlignmentFileReaderI, AlignmentFileWriterI
{
  private static final String TERMINATOR = "//";

  /*
   * keys to data in HMM file, used to store as properties of the HiddenMarkovModel
   */
  public static final String HMM = "HMM";

  public static final String NAME = "NAME";

  public static final String ACCESSION_NUMBER = "ACC";

  public static final String DESCRIPTION = "DESC";

  public static final String LENGTH = "LENG";

  public static final String MAX_LENGTH = "MAXL";

  public static final String ALPHABET = "ALPH";

  public static final String DATE = "DATE";

  public static final String COMMAND_LOG = "COM";

  public static final String NUMBER_OF_SEQUENCES = "NSEQ";

  public static final String EFF_NUMBER_OF_SEQUENCES = "EFFN";

  public static final String CHECK_SUM = "CKSUM";

  public static final String STATISTICS = "STATS";

  public static final String COMPO = "COMPO";

  public static final String GATHERING_THRESHOLD = "GA";

  public static final String TRUSTED_CUTOFF = "TC";

  public static final String NOISE_CUTOFF = "NC";

  public static final String VITERBI = "VITERBI";

  public static final String MSV = "MSV";

  public static final String FORWARD = "FORWARD";

  public static final String MAP = "MAP";

  public static final String REFERENCE_ANNOTATION = "RF";

  public static final String CONSENSUS_RESIDUE = "CONS";

  public static final String CONSENSUS_STRUCTURE = "CS";

  public static final String MASKED_VALUE = "MM";

  private static final String ALPH_AMINO = "amino";

  private static final String ALPH_DNA = "DNA";

  private static final String ALPH_RNA = "RNA";

  private static final String ALPHABET_AMINO = "ACDEFGHIKLMNPQRSTVWY";

  private static final String ALPHABET_DNA = "ACGT";

  private static final String ALPHABET_RNA = "ACGU";

  private static final int NUMBER_OF_TRANSITIONS = 7;

  private static final String SPACE = " ";

  /*
   * optional guide line added to an output HMMER file, purely for readability
   */
  private static final String TRANSITIONTYPELINE = "            m->m     m->i     m->d     i->m     i->i     d->m     d->d";

  private static String NL = System.lineSeparator();

  private HiddenMarkovModel hmm;

  // number of symbols in the alphabet used in the hidden Markov model
  private int numberOfSymbols;

  /**
   * Constructor that parses immediately
   * 
   * @param inFile
   * @param type
   * @throws IOException
   */
  public HMMFile(String inFile, DataSourceType type) throws IOException
  {
    super(inFile, type);
  }

  /**
   * Constructor that parses immediately
   * 
   * @param source
   * @throws IOException
   */
  public HMMFile(FileParse source) throws IOException
  {
    super(source);
  }

  /**
   * Default constructor
   */
  public HMMFile()
  {
  }

  /**
   * Constructor for HMMFile used for exporting
   * 
   * @param hmm
   */
  public HMMFile(HiddenMarkovModel markov)
  {
    hmm = markov;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the HMM produced by parsing a HMMER3 file
   * 
   * @return
   */
  public HiddenMarkovModel getHMM()
  {
    return hmm;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the name of the hidden Markov model
   * 
   * @return
   */
  public String getName()
  {
    return hmm.getName();
  }

  /**
   * Reads the data from HMM file into the HMM model
   */
  @Override
  public void parse()
  {
    try
    {
      hmm = new HiddenMarkovModel();
      parseHeaderLines(dataIn);
      parseModel(dataIn);
    } catch (Exception e)
    {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Reads the header properties from a HMMER3 file and saves them in the
   * HiddeMarkovModel. This method exits after reading the next line after the
   * HMM line.
   * 
   * @param input
   * @throws IOException
   */
  void parseHeaderLines(BufferedReader input) throws IOException
  {
    boolean readingHeaders = true;
    hmm.setFileHeader(input.readLine());
    String line = input.readLine();
    while (readingHeaders && line != null)
    {
      Scanner parser = new Scanner(line);
      String next = parser.next();
      if (ALPHABET.equals(next))
      {
        String alphabetType = parser.next();
        hmm.setProperty(ALPHABET, alphabetType);
        String alphabet = ALPH_DNA.equalsIgnoreCase(alphabetType)
                ? ALPHABET_DNA
                : (ALPH_RNA.equalsIgnoreCase(alphabetType) ? ALPHABET_RNA
                        : ALPHABET_AMINO);
        numberOfSymbols = hmm.setAlphabet(alphabet);
      }
      else if (HMM.equals(next))
      {
        readingHeaders = false;
        String symbols = line.substring(line.indexOf(HMM) + HMM.length());
        numberOfSymbols = hmm.setAlphabet(symbols);
      }
      else if (STATISTICS.equals(next))
      {
        parser.next();
        String key;
        String value;
        key = parser.next();
        value = parser.next() + SPACE + SPACE + parser.next();
        hmm.setProperty(key, value);
      }
      else
      {
        String key = next;
        String value = parser.next();
        while (parser.hasNext())
        {
          value = value + SPACE + parser.next();
        }
        hmm.setProperty(key, value);
      }
      parser.close();
      line = input.readLine();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Parses the model data from the HMMER3 file. The input buffer should be
   * positioned at the (optional) COMPO line if there is one, else at the insert
   * emissions line for the BEGIN node of the model.
   * 
   * @param input
   * @throws IOException
   */
  void parseModel(BufferedReader input) throws IOException
  {
    /*
     * specification says there must always be an HMM header (already read)
     * and one more header (guide headings) which is skipped here
     */
    int nodeNo = 0;
    String line = input.readLine();
    List<HMMNode> nodes = new ArrayList<>();

    while (line != null && !TERMINATOR.equals(line))
    {
      HMMNode node = new HMMNode();
      nodes.add(node);
      Scanner scanner = new Scanner(line);
      String next = scanner.next();

      /*
       * expect COMPO (optional) for average match emissions
       * or a node number followed by node's match emissions
       */
      if (COMPO.equals(next) || nodeNo > 0)
      {
        /*
         * parse match emissions
         */
        double[] matches = parseDoubles(scanner, numberOfSymbols);
        node.setMatchEmissions(matches);
        if (!COMPO.equals(next))
        {
          int resNo = parseAnnotations(scanner, node);
          if (resNo == 0)
          {
            /*
             * no MAP annotation provided, just number off from 0 (begin node)
             */
            resNo = nodeNo;
          }
          node.setResidueNumber(resNo);
        }
        line = input.readLine();
      }
      scanner.close();

      /*
       * parse insert emissions
       */
      scanner = new Scanner(line);
      double[] inserts = parseDoubles(scanner, numberOfSymbols);
      node.setInsertEmissions(inserts);
      scanner.close();

      /*
       * parse state transitions
       */
      line = input.readLine();
      scanner = new Scanner(line);
      double[] transitions = parseDoubles(scanner,
              NUMBER_OF_TRANSITIONS);
      node.setStateTransitions(transitions);
      scanner.close();
      line = input.readLine();

      nodeNo++;
    }

    hmm.setNodes(nodes);
  }

  /**
   * Parses the annotations on the match emission line and add them to the node.
   * (See p109 of the HMMER User Guide (V3.1b2) for the specification.) Returns
   * the residue position that the node maps to, if provided, else zero.
   * 
   * @param scanner
   * @param node
   */
  int parseAnnotations(Scanner scanner, HMMNode node)
  {
    int mapTo = 0;

    /*
     * map from hmm node to sequence position, if provided
     */
    if (scanner.hasNext())
    {
      String value = scanner.next();
      if (!"-".equals(value))
      {
        try
        {
          mapTo = Integer.parseInt(value);
          node.setResidueNumber(mapTo);
        } catch (NumberFormatException e)
        {
          // ignore
        }
      }
    }

    /*
     * hmm consensus residue if provided, else '-'
     */
    if (scanner.hasNext())
    {
      node.setConsensusResidue(scanner.next().charAt(0));
    }

    /*
     * RF reference annotation, if provided, else '-'
     */
    if (scanner.hasNext())
    {
      node.setReferenceAnnotation(scanner.next().charAt(0));
    }

    /*
     * 'm' for masked position, if provided, else '-'
     */
    if (scanner.hasNext())
    {
      node.setMaskValue(scanner.next().charAt(0));
    }

    /*
     * structure consensus symbol, if provided, else '-'
     */
    if (scanner.hasNext())
    {
      node.setConsensusStructure(scanner.next().charAt(0));
    }

    return mapTo;
  }

  /**
   * Fills an array of doubles parsed from an input line
   * 
   * @param input
   * @param numberOfElements
   * @return
   * @throws IOException
   */
  static double[] parseDoubles(Scanner input,
          int numberOfElements) throws IOException
  {
    double[] values = new double[numberOfElements];
    for (int i = 0; i < numberOfElements; i++)
    {
      if (!input.hasNext())
      {
        throw new IOException("Incomplete data");
      }
      String next = input.next();
      if (next.contains("*"))
      {
        values[i] = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
      }
      else
      {
        double prob = Double.valueOf(next);
        prob = Math.pow(Math.E, -prob);
        values[i] = prob;
      }
    }
    return values;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a string to be added to the StringBuilder containing the entire
   * output String.
   * 
   * @param initialColumnSeparation
   *          The initial whitespace separation between the left side of the
   *          file and first character.
   * @param columnSeparation
   *          The separation between subsequent data entries.
   * @param data
   *          The list of data to be added to the String.
   * @return
   */
  String addData(int initialColumnSeparation,
          int columnSeparation, List<String> data)
  {
    String line = "";
    boolean first = true;
    for (String value : data)
    {
      int sep = first ? initialColumnSeparation : columnSeparation;
      line += String.format("%" + sep + "s", value);
      first = false;
    }
    return line;
  }

  /**
   * Converts list of characters into a list of Strings.
   * 
   * @param list
   * @return Returns the list of Strings.
   */
  List<String> charListToStringList(List<Character> list)
  {
    List<String> strList = new ArrayList<>();
    for (char value : list)
    {
      String strValue = Character.toString(value);
      strList.add(strValue);
    }
    return strList;
  }

  /**
   * Converts an array of doubles into a list of Strings, rounded to the nearest
   * 5th decimal place
   * 
   * @param doubles
   * @param noOfDecimals
   * @return
   */
  List<String> doublesToStringList(double[] doubles)
  {
    List<String> strList = new ArrayList<>();
    for (double value : doubles)
    {
      String strValue;
      if (value > 0)
      {
        strValue = String.format("%.5f", value);
      }
      else if (value == -0.00000d)
      {
        strValue = "0.00000";
      }
      else
      {
        strValue = "*";
      }
      strList.add(strValue);
    }
    return strList;
  }

  /**
   * Appends model data in string format to the string builder
   * 
   * @param output
   */
  void appendModelAsString(StringBuilder output)
  {
    output.append(HMM).append("  ");
    String charSymbols = hmm.getSymbols();
    for (char c : charSymbols.toCharArray())
    {
      output.append(String.format("%9s", c));
    }
    output.append(NL).append(TRANSITIONTYPELINE);

    int length = hmm.getLength();

    for (int nodeNo = 0; nodeNo <= length; nodeNo++)
    {
      String matchLine = String.format("%7s",
              nodeNo == 0 ? COMPO : Integer.toString(nodeNo));

      double[] doubleMatches = convertToLogSpace(
              hmm.getNode(nodeNo).getMatchEmissions());
      List<String> strMatches = doublesToStringList(doubleMatches);
      matchLine += addData(10, 9, strMatches);

      if (nodeNo != 0)
      {
        matchLine += SPACE + (hmm.getNodeMapPosition(nodeNo));
        matchLine += SPACE + hmm.getConsensusResidue(nodeNo);
        matchLine += SPACE + hmm.getReferenceAnnotation(nodeNo);
        if (hmm.getFileHeader().contains("HMMER3/f"))
        {
          matchLine += SPACE + hmm.getMaskedValue(nodeNo);
          matchLine += SPACE + hmm.getConsensusStructure(nodeNo);
        }
      }

      output.append(NL).append(matchLine);
      
      String insertLine = "";

      double[] doubleInserts = convertToLogSpace(
              hmm.getNode(nodeNo).getInsertEmissions());
      List<String> strInserts = doublesToStringList(doubleInserts);
      insertLine += addData(17, 9, strInserts);

      output.append(NL).append(insertLine);

      String transitionLine = "";
      double[] doubleTransitions = convertToLogSpace(
              hmm.getNode(nodeNo).getStateTransitions());
      List<String> strTransitions = doublesToStringList(
              doubleTransitions);
      transitionLine += addData(17, 9, strTransitions);

      output.append(NL).append(transitionLine);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Appends formatted HMM file properties to the string builder
   * 
   * @param output
   */
  void appendProperties(StringBuilder output)
  {
    output.append(hmm.getFileHeader());

    String format = "%n%-5s %1s";
    appendProperty(output, format, NAME);
    appendProperty(output, format, ACCESSION_NUMBER);
    appendProperty(output, format, DESCRIPTION);
    appendProperty(output, format, LENGTH);
    appendProperty(output, format, MAX_LENGTH);
    appendProperty(output, format, ALPHABET);
    appendBooleanProperty(output, format, REFERENCE_ANNOTATION);
    appendBooleanProperty(output, format, MASKED_VALUE);
    appendBooleanProperty(output, format, CONSENSUS_RESIDUE);
    appendBooleanProperty(output, format, CONSENSUS_STRUCTURE);
    appendBooleanProperty(output, format, MAP);
    appendProperty(output, format, DATE);
    appendProperty(output, format, NUMBER_OF_SEQUENCES);
    appendProperty(output, format, EFF_NUMBER_OF_SEQUENCES);
    appendProperty(output, format, CHECK_SUM);
    appendProperty(output, format, GATHERING_THRESHOLD);
    appendProperty(output, format, TRUSTED_CUTOFF);
    appendProperty(output, format, NOISE_CUTOFF);

    if (hmm.getMSV() != null)
    {
      format = "%n%-19s %18s";
      output.append(String.format(format, "STATS LOCAL MSV", hmm.getMSV()));

      output.append(String.format(format, "STATS LOCAL VITERBI",
              hmm.getViterbi()));

      output.append(String.format(format, "STATS LOCAL FORWARD",
              hmm.getForward()));
    }
  }

  /**
   * Appends 'yes' or 'no' for the given property, according to whether or not
   * it is set in the HMM
   * 
   * @param output
   * @param format
   * @param propertyName
   */
  private void appendBooleanProperty(StringBuilder output, String format,
          String propertyName)
  {
    boolean set = hmm.getBooleanProperty(propertyName);
    output.append(String.format(format, propertyName,
            set ? HiddenMarkovModel.YES : HiddenMarkovModel.NO));
  }

  /**
   * Appends the value of the given property to the output, if not null
   * 
   * @param output
   * @param format
   * @param propertyName
   */
  private void appendProperty(StringBuilder output, String format,
          String propertyName)
  {
    String value = hmm.getProperty(propertyName);
    if (value != null)
    {
      output.append(String.format(format, propertyName, value));
    }
  }

  @Override
  public String print(SequenceI[] sequences, boolean jvsuffix)
  {
    if (sequences[0].getHMM() != null)
    {
      hmm = sequences[0].getHMM();
    }
    return print();
  }

  /**
   * Prints the .hmm file to a String.
   * 
   * @return
   */
  public String print()
  {
    StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();
    appendProperties(output);
    output.append(NL);
    appendModelAsString(output);
    output.append(NL).append(TERMINATOR).append(NL);
    return output.toString();
  }

  /**
   * Converts the probabilities contained in an array into log space
   * 
   * @param ds
   */
  double[] convertToLogSpace(double[] ds)
  {
    double[] converted = new double[ds.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < ds.length; i++)
    {
      double prob = ds[i];
      double logProb = -1 * Math.log(prob);

      converted[i] = logProb;
    }
    return converted;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the HMM sequence produced by reading a .hmm file.
   */
  @Override
  public SequenceI[] getSeqsAsArray()
  {
    SequenceI hmmSeq = hmm.getConsensusSequence();
    SequenceI[] seq = new SequenceI[1];
    seq[0] = hmmSeq;
    return seq;
  }

  @Override
  public void setNewlineString(String newLine)
  {
    NL = newLine;
  }

  @Override
  public void setExportSettings(AlignExportSettingsI exportSettings)
  {

  }

  @Override
  public void configureForView(AlignmentViewPanel viewpanel)
  {

  }

  @Override
  public boolean hasWarningMessage()
  {
    return false;
  }

  @Override
  public String getWarningMessage()
  {
    return "warning message";
  }

}