--- /dev/null
+package jalview.analysis;
+
+import jalview.datamodel.AlignedCodon;
+
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
+/**
+ * Implements rules for comparing two aligned codons, i.e. determining whether
+ * they should occupy the same position in a translated protein alignment, or
+ * one or the other should 'follow' (by preceded by a gap).
+ *
+ * @author gmcarstairs
+ *
+ */
+public final class CodonComparator implements Comparator<AlignedCodon>
+{
+
+ @Override
+ public int compare(AlignedCodon ac1, AlignedCodon ac2)
+ {
+ if (ac1 == null || ac2 == null || ac1.equals(ac2))
+ {
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * <pre>
+ * Case 1: if one starts before the other, and doesn't end after it, then it
+ * precedes. We ignore the middle base position here.
+ * A--GT
+ * -CT-G
+ * </pre>
+ */
+ if (ac1.pos1 < ac2.pos1 && ac1.pos3 <= ac2.pos3)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+ if (ac2.pos1 < ac1.pos1 && ac2.pos3 <= ac1.pos3)
+ {
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * <pre>
+ * Case 2: if one ends after the other, and doesn't start before it, then it
+ * follows. We ignore the middle base position here.
+ * -TG-A
+ * G-TC
+ * </pre>
+ */
+ if (ac1.pos3 > ac2.pos3 && ac1.pos1 >= ac2.pos1)
+ {
+ return 1;
+ }
+ if (ac2.pos3 > ac1.pos3 && ac2.pos1 >= ac1.pos1)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Case 3: if start and end match, compare middle base positions.
+ */
+ if (ac1.pos1 == ac2.pos1 && ac1.pos3 == ac2.pos3)
+ {
+ return Integer.compare(ac1.pos2, ac2.pos2);
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * That just leaves the 'enclosing' case - one codon starts after but ends
+ * before the other. If the middle bases don't match, use their comparison
+ * (majority vote).
+ */
+ int compareMiddles = Integer.compare(ac1.pos2, ac2.pos2);
+ if (compareMiddles != 0)
+ {
+ return compareMiddles;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * <pre>
+ * Finally just leaves overlap with matching middle base, e.g.
+ * -A-A-A
+ * G--GG
+ * In this case the choice is arbitrary whether to compare based on
+ * first or last base position. We pick the first. Note this preserves
+ * symmetricality of the comparison.
+ * </pre>
+ */
+ return Integer.compare(ac1.pos1, ac2.pos1);
+ }
+}