2 <head><title>Tree Calculation</title></head>
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4 <p><strong>Calculation of trees from alignments</strong></p>
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5 <p>Trees are calculated on either the complete alignment, or just the
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6 currently selected group of sequences, using the functions in the
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7 <strong>Calculate→Calculate tree</strong> submenu. There are
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8 four different calculations, using one of two distance measures and
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9 constructing the tree from one of two algorithms :
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11 <p><strong>Distance Measures</strong></p>
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12 <p>Trees are calculated on the basis of a measure of similarity
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13 between each pair of sequences in the alignment :
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15 <li><strong>PID</strong><br>The percentage identity between the two
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16 sequences at each aligned position.
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17 <li><strong>BLOSUM62</strong><br>The sum of BLOSUM62 scores for the
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18 residue pair at each aligned position.
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21 <p><strong>Tree Construction Methods</strong></p>
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22 <p>Jalview currently supports two kinds of agglomerative clustering
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23 methods. These are not intended to substitute for rigorous
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24 phylogenetic tree construction, and may fail on very large alignments.
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26 <li><strong>UPGMA tree</strong><br>
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27 UPGMA stands for Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic
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28 averages. Clusters are iteratively formed and extended by finding a
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29 non-member sequence with the lowest average dissimilarity over the
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33 <li><strong>Neighbour Joining tree</strong><br>
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34 First described in 1987 by Saitou and Nei, this method applies a
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35 greedy algorithm to find the tree with the shortest branch
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37 This method, as implemented in Jalview, is considerably more
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38 expensive than UPGMA.
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42 <p>A newly calculated tree will be displayed in a new <a
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43 href="../calculations/treeviewer.html">tree viewing window</a>. In
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44 addition, a new entry with the same tree viewer window name will be added in the Sort
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45 menu so that the alignment can be reordered to reflect the ordering of
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46 the leafs of the tree. If the tree was calculated on a selected region
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47 of the alignment, then the title of the tree view will reflect this.</p>
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49 <p><strong>External Sources for Phylogenetic Trees</strong></p>
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50 <p>A number of programs exist for the reliable construction of
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51 phylogenetic trees, which can cope with large numbers of sequences,
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52 use better distance methods and can perform bootstrapping. Jalview
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54 href="http://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/phylip/newick_doc.html">Newick</a>
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55 format tree files using the 'Load Associated Tree' entry of the
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56 alignment's File menu. Sequences in the alignment will be
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57 automatically associated to nodes in the
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