Copyright test

[jalview.git] / src / com / stevesoft / pat / Regex.java

/*******************************************************************************
 * Jalview - A Sequence Alignment Editor and Viewer ($$Version-Rel$$)
 * Copyright (C) $(date) The Jalview Authors
 *
 * This file is part of Jalview.
 *  
 * Jalview is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License 
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *   
 * Jalview is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but 
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty 
 * of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 
 * PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with Jalview.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 * The Jalview Authors are detailed in the 'AUTHORS' file.
 *******************************************************************************/
//
// This software is now distributed according to
// the Lesser Gnu Public License.  Please see
// http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.txt for
// the details.
//    -- Happy Computing!
//
package com.stevesoft.pat;

import jalview.util.MessageManager;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FilenameFilter;
import java.util.BitSet;
import java.util.Hashtable;

import com.stevesoft.pat.wrap.StringWrap;

/** Matches a Unicode punctuation character. */
class UnicodePunct extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    return from < s.length() && Prop.isPunct(s.charAt(from)) ? to : -1;
  }
}

/** Matches a Unicode white space character. */
class UnicodeWhite extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    return from < s.length() && Prop.isWhite(s.charAt(from)) ? to : -1;
  }
}

/**
 * Matches a character that is not a Unicode punctuation character.
 */
class NUnicodePunct extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    return from < s.length() && !Prop.isPunct(s.charAt(from)) ? to : -1;
  }
}

/**
 * Matches a character that is not a Unicode white space character.
 */
class NUnicodeWhite extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    return from < s.length() && !Prop.isWhite(s.charAt(from)) ? to : -1;
  }
}

/** Matches a Unicode word character: an alphanumeric or underscore. */
class UnicodeW extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    if (from >= s.length())
    {
      return -1;
    }
    char c = s.charAt(from);
    return (Prop.isAlphabetic(c) || Prop.isDecimalDigit(c) || c == '_') ? to
            : -1;
  }
}

/** Matches a character that is not a Unicode alphanumeric or underscore. */
class NUnicodeW extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    if (from >= s.length())
    {
      return -1;
    }
    char c = s.charAt(from);
    return !(Prop.isAlphabetic(c) || Prop.isDecimalDigit(c) || c == '_') ? to
            : -1;
  }
}

/** Matches a Unicode decimal digit. */
class UnicodeDigit extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    return from < s.length() && Prop.isDecimalDigit(s.charAt(from)) ? to
            : -1;
  }
}

/** Matches a character that is not a Unicode digit. */
class NUnicodeDigit extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    return from < s.length() && !Prop.isDecimalDigit(s.charAt(from)) ? to
            : -1;
  }
}

/** Matches a Unicode math character. */
class UnicodeMath extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    return from < s.length() && Prop.isMath(s.charAt(from)) ? to : -1;
  }
}

/** Matches a non-math Unicode character. */
class NUnicodeMath extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    return from < s.length() && !Prop.isMath(s.charAt(from)) ? to : -1;
  }
}

/** Matches a Unicode currency symbol. */
class UnicodeCurrency extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    return from < s.length() && Prop.isCurrency(s.charAt(from)) ? to : -1;
  }
}

/** Matches a non-currency symbol Unicode character. */
class NUnicodeCurrency extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    return from < s.length() && !Prop.isCurrency(s.charAt(from)) ? to : -1;
  }
}

/** Matches a Unicode alphabetic character. */
class UnicodeAlpha extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    return from < s.length() && Prop.isAlphabetic(s.charAt(from)) ? to : -1;
  }
}

/** Matches a non-alphabetic Unicode character. */
class NUnicodeAlpha extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    return from < s.length() && !Prop.isAlphabetic(s.charAt(from)) ? to
            : -1;
  }
}

/** Matches an upper case Unicode character. */
class UnicodeUpper extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    return from < s.length() && isUpper(s.charAt(from)) ? to : -1;
  }

  final boolean isUpper(char c)
  {
    return c == CaseMgr.toUpperCase(c) && c != CaseMgr.toLowerCase(c);
  }
}

/** Matches an upper case Unicode character. */
class UnicodeLower extends UniValidator
{
  public int validate(StringLike s, int from, int to)
  {
    return from < s.length() && isLower(s.charAt(from)) ? to : -1;
  }

  final boolean isLower(char c)
  {
    return c != CaseMgr.toUpperCase(c) && c == CaseMgr.toLowerCase(c);
  }
}

/**
 * Regex provides the parser which constructs the linked list of Pattern classes
 * from a String.
 * <p>
 * For the purpose of this documentation, the fact that java interprets the
 * backslash will be ignored. In practice, however, you will need a double
 * backslash to obtain a string that contains a single backslash character.
 * Thus, the example pattern "\b" should really be typed as "\\b" inside java
 * code.
 * <p>
 * Note that Regex is part of package "com.stevesoft.pat". To use it, simply
 * import com.stevesoft.pat.Regex at the top of your file.
 * <p>
 * Regex is made with a constructor that takes a String that defines the regular
 * expression. Thus, for example
 * 
 * <pre>
 * Regex r = new Regex(&quot;[a-c]*&quot;);
 * </pre>
 * 
 * matches any number of characters so long as the are 'a', 'b', or 'c').
 * <p>
 * To attempt to match the Pattern to a given string, you can use either the
 * search(String) member function, or the matchAt(String,int position) member
 * function. These functions return a boolean which tells you whether or not the
 * thing worked, and sets the methods "charsMatched()" and "matchedFrom()" in
 * the Regex object appropriately.
 * <p>
 * The portion of the string before the match can be obtained by the left()
 * member, and the portion after the match can be obtained by the right()
 * member.
 * <p>
 * Essentially, this package implements a syntax that is very much like the perl
 * 5 regular expression syntax.
 * 
 * Longer example:
 * 
 * <pre>
 * Regex r = new Regex(&quot;x(a|b)y&quot;);
 * r.matchAt(&quot;xay&quot;, 0);
 * System.out.println(&quot;sub = &quot; + r.stringMatched(1));
 * </pre>
 * 
 * The above would print "sub = a".
 * 
 * <pre>
 *  r.left() // would return &quot;x&quot;
 *  r.right() // would return &quot;y&quot;
 * </pre>
 * 
 * <p>
 * Differences between this package and perl5:<br>
 * The extended Pattern for setting flags, is now supported, but the flags are
 * different. "(?i)" tells the pattern to ignore case, "(?Q)" sets the
 * "dontMatchInQuotes" flag, and "(?iQ)" sets them both. You can change the
 * escape character. The pattern
 * 
 * <pre>
 * (?e=#)#d+
 * </pre>
 * 
 * is the same as
 * 
 * <pre>
 * \d+
 * </pre>
 * 
 * , but note that the sequence
 * 
 * <pre>
 * (?e=#)
 * </pre>
 * 
 * <b>must</b> occur at the very beginning of the pattern. There may be other
 * small differences as well. I will either make my package conform or note them
 * as I become aware of them.
 * <p>
 * This package supports additional patterns not in perl5: <center>
 * <table * border=1>
 * <tr>
 * <td>(?@())</td>
 * <td>Group</td>
 * <td>This matches all characters between the '(' character and the balancing
 * ')' character. Thus, it will match "()" as well as "(())". The balancing
 * characters are arbitrary, thus (?@{}) matches on "{}" and "{{}}".</td>
 * <tr>
 * <td>(?&lt1)</td>
 * <td>Backup</td>
 * <td>Moves the pointer backwards within the text. This allows you to make a
 * "look behind." It fails if it attempts to move to a position before the
 * beginning of the string. "x(?&lt1)" is equivalent to "(?=x)". The number, 1
 * in this example, is the number of characters to move backwards.</td>
 * </table>
 * </center> </dl>
 * 
 * @author Steven R. Brandt
 * @version package com.stevesoft.pat, release 1.5.3
 * @see Pattern
 */
public class Regex extends RegRes implements FilenameFilter
{
  /**
   * BackRefOffset gives the identity number of the first pattern. Version 1.0
   * used zero, version 1.1 uses 1 to be more compatible with perl.
   */
  static int BackRefOffset = 1;

  private static Pattern none = new NoPattern();

  Pattern thePattern = none;

  patInt minMatch = new patInt(0);

  static Hashtable validators = new Hashtable();
  static
  {
    define("p", "(?>1)", new UnicodePunct());
    define("P", "(?>1)", new NUnicodePunct());
    define("s", "(?>1)", new UnicodeWhite());
    define("S", "(?>1)", new NUnicodeWhite());
    define("w", "(?>1)", new UnicodeW());
    define("W", "(?>1)", new NUnicodeW());
    define("d", "(?>1)", new UnicodeDigit());
    define("D", "(?>1)", new NUnicodeDigit());
    define("m", "(?>1)", new UnicodeMath());
    define("M", "(?>1)", new NUnicodeMath());
    define("c", "(?>1)", new UnicodeCurrency());
    define("C", "(?>1)", new NUnicodeCurrency());
    define("a", "(?>1)", new UnicodeAlpha());
    define("A", "(?>1)", new NUnicodeAlpha());
    define("uc", "(?>1)", new UnicodeUpper());
    define("lc", "(?>1)", new UnicodeLower());
  }

  /** Set the dontMatch in quotes flag. */
  public void setDontMatchInQuotes(boolean b)
  {
    dontMatchInQuotes = b;
  }

  /** Find out if the dontMatchInQuotes flag is enabled. */
  public boolean getDontMatchInQuotes()
  {
    return dontMatchInQuotes;
  }

  boolean dontMatchInQuotes = false;

  /**
   * Set the state of the ignoreCase flag. If set to true, then the pattern
   * matcher will ignore case when searching for a match.
   */
  public void setIgnoreCase(boolean b)
  {
    ignoreCase = b;
  }

  /**
   * Get the state of the ignoreCase flag. Returns true if we are ignoring the
   * case of the pattern, false otherwise.
   */
  public boolean getIgnoreCase()
  {
    return ignoreCase;
  }

  boolean ignoreCase = false;

  static boolean defaultMFlag = false;

  /**
   * Set the default value of the m flag. If it is set to true, then the MFlag
   * will be on for any regex search executed.
   */
  public static void setDefaultMFlag(boolean mFlag)
  {
    defaultMFlag = mFlag;
  }

  /**
   * Get the default value of the m flag. If it is set to true, then the MFlag
   * will be on for any regex search executed.
   */
  public static boolean getDefaultMFlag()
  {
    return defaultMFlag;
  }

  /**
   * Initializes the object without a Pattern. To supply a Pattern use
   * compile(String s).
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#compile(java.lang.String)
   */
  public Regex()
  {
  }

  /**
   * Create and compile a Regex, but do not throw any exceptions. If you wish to
   * have exceptions thrown for syntax errors, you must use the Regex(void)
   * constructor to create the Regex object, and then call the compile method.
   * Therefore, you should only call this method when you know your pattern is
   * right. I will probably become more like
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#search(java.lang.String)
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#compile(java.lang.String)
   */
  public Regex(String s)
  {
    try
    {
      compile(s);
    } catch (RegSyntax rs)
    {
    }
  }

  ReplaceRule rep = null;

  /**
   * Create and compile both a Regex and a ReplaceRule.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.ReplaceRule
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#compile(java.lang.String)
   */
  public Regex(String s, String rp)
  {
    this(s);
    rep = ReplaceRule.perlCode(rp);
  }

  /**
   * Create and compile a Regex, but give it the ReplaceRule specified. This
   * allows the user finer control of the Replacement process, if that is
   * desired.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.ReplaceRule
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#compile(java.lang.String)
   */
  public Regex(String s, ReplaceRule rp)
  {
    this(s);
    rep = rp;
  }

  /**
   * Change the ReplaceRule of this Regex by compiling a new one using String
   * rp.
   */
  public void setReplaceRule(String rp)
  {
    rep = ReplaceRule.perlCode(rp);
    repr = null; // Clear Replacer history
  }

  /** Change the ReplaceRule of this Regex to rp. */
  public void setReplaceRule(ReplaceRule rp)
  {
    rep = rp;
  }

  /**
   * Test to see if a custom defined rule exists.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat#define(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,Validator)
   */
  public static boolean isDefined(String nm)
  {
    return validators.get(nm) != null;
  }

  /**
   * Removes a custom defined rule.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat#define(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,Validator)
   */
  public static void undefine(String nm)
  {
    validators.remove(nm);
  }

  /**
   * Defines a method to create a new rule. See test/deriv2.java and
   * test/deriv3.java for examples of how to use it.
   */
  public static void define(String nm, String pat, Validator v)
  {
    v.pattern = pat;
    validators.put(nm, v);
  }

  /**
   * Defines a shorthand for a pattern. The pattern will be invoked by a string
   * that has the form "(??"+nm+")".
   */
  public static void define(String nm, String pat)
  {
    validators.put(nm, pat);
  }

  /** Get the current ReplaceRule. */
  public ReplaceRule getReplaceRule()
  {
    return rep;
  }

  Replacer repr = null;

  final Replacer _getReplacer()
  {
    return repr == null ? repr = new Replacer() : repr;
  }

  public Replacer getReplacer()
  {
    if (repr == null)
    {
      repr = new Replacer();
    }
    repr.rh.me = this;
    repr.rh.prev = null;
    return repr;
  }

  /**
   * Replace the first occurence of this pattern in String s according to the
   * ReplaceRule.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.ReplaceRule
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#getReplaceRule()
   */
  public String replaceFirst(String s)
  {
    return _getReplacer().replaceFirstRegion(s, this, 0, s.length())
            .toString();
  }

  /**
   * Replace the first occurence of this pattern in String s beginning with
   * position pos according to the ReplaceRule.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.ReplaceRule
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#getReplaceRule()
   */
  public String replaceFirstFrom(String s, int pos)
  {
    return _getReplacer().replaceFirstRegion(s, this, pos, s.length())
            .toString();
  }

  /**
   * Replace the first occurence of this pattern in String s beginning with
   * position start and ending with end according to the ReplaceRule.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.ReplaceRule
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#getReplaceRule()
   */
  public String replaceFirstRegion(String s, int start, int end)
  {
    return _getReplacer().replaceFirstRegion(s, this, start, end)
            .toString();
  }

  /**
   * Replace all occurences of this pattern in String s according to the
   * ReplaceRule.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.ReplaceRule
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#getReplaceRule()
   */
  public String replaceAll(String s)
  {
    return _getReplacer().replaceAllRegion(s, this, 0, s.length())
            .toString();
  }

  public StringLike replaceAll(StringLike s)
  {
    return _getReplacer().replaceAllRegion(s, this, 0, s.length());
  }

  /**
   * Replace all occurences of this pattern in String s beginning with position
   * pos according to the ReplaceRule.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.ReplaceRule
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#getReplaceRule()
   */
  public String replaceAllFrom(String s, int pos)
  {
    return _getReplacer().replaceAllRegion(s, this, pos, s.length())
            .toString();
  }

  /**
   * Replace all occurences of this pattern in String s beginning with position
   * start and ending with end according to the ReplaceRule.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.ReplaceRule
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#getReplaceRule()
   */
  public String replaceAllRegion(String s, int start, int end)
  {
    return _getReplacer().replaceAllRegion(s, this, start, end).toString();
  }

  /** Essentially clones the Regex object */
  public Regex(Regex r)
  {
    super((RegRes) r);
    dontMatchInQuotes = r.dontMatchInQuotes;
    esc = r.esc;
    ignoreCase = r.ignoreCase;
    gFlag = r.gFlag;
    if (r.rep == null)
    {
      rep = null;
    }
    else
    {
      rep = (ReplaceRule) r.rep.clone();
    }
    /*
     * try { compile(r.toString()); } catch(RegSyntax r_) {}
     */
    thePattern = r.thePattern.clone(new Hashtable());
    minMatch = r.minMatch;
    skipper = r.skipper;
  }

  /**
   * By default, the escape character is the backslash, but you can make it
   * anything you want by setting this variable.
   */
  public char esc = Pattern.ESC;

  /**
   * This method compiles a regular expression, making it possible to call the
   * search or matchAt methods.
   * 
   * @exception com.stevesoft.pat.RegSyntax
   *              is thrown if a syntax error is encountered in the pattern. For
   *              example, "x{3,1}" or "*a" are not valid patterns.
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#search
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#matchAt
   */
  public void compile(String prepat) throws RegSyntax
  {
    String postpat = parsePerl.codify(prepat, true);
    String pat = postpat == null ? prepat : postpat;
    minMatch = null;
    ignoreCase = false;
    dontMatchInQuotes = false;
    Rthings mk = new Rthings(this);
    int offset = mk.val;
    String newpat = pat;
    thePattern = none;
    p = null;
    or = null;
    minMatch = new patInt(0);
    StrPos sp = new StrPos(pat, 0);
    if (sp.incMatch("(?e="))
    {
      char newEsc = sp.c;
      sp.inc();
      if (sp.match(')'))
      {
        newpat = reEscape(pat.substring(6), newEsc, Pattern.ESC);
      }
    }
    else if (esc != Pattern.ESC)
    {
      newpat = reEscape(pat, esc, Pattern.ESC);
    }
    thePattern = _compile(newpat, mk);
    numSubs_ = mk.val - offset;
    mk.set(this);
  }

  /*
   * If a Regex is compared against a Regex, a check is done to see that the
   * patterns are equal as well as the most recent match. If a Regex is compare
   * with a RegRes, only the result of the most recent match is compared.
   */
  public boolean equals(Object o)
  {
    if (o instanceof Regex)
    {
      if (toString().equals(o.toString()))
      {
        return super.equals(o);
      }
      else
      {
        return false;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      return super.equals(o);
    }
  }

  /** A clone by any other name would smell as sweet. */
  public Object clone()
  {
    return new Regex(this);
  }

  /** Return a clone of the underlying RegRes object. */
  public RegRes result()
  {
    return (RegRes) super.clone();
  }

  // prep sets global variables of class
  // Pattern so that it can access them
  // during an attempt at a match
  Pthings pt = new Pthings();

  final Pthings prep(StringLike s)
  {
    // if(gFlag)
    pt.lastPos = matchedTo();
    if (pt.lastPos < 0)
    {
      pt.lastPos = 0;
    }
    if ((s == null ? null : s.unwrap()) != (src == null ? null : s.unwrap()))
    {
      pt.lastPos = 0;
    }
    src = s;
    pt.dotDoesntMatchCR = dotDoesntMatchCR && (!sFlag);
    pt.mFlag = (mFlag | defaultMFlag);
    pt.ignoreCase = ignoreCase;
    pt.no_check = false;
    if (pt.marks != null)
    {
      for (int i = 0; i < pt.marks.length; i++)
      {
        pt.marks[i] = -1;
      }
    }
    pt.marks = null;
    pt.nMarks = numSubs_;
    pt.src = s;
    if (dontMatchInQuotes)
    {
      setCbits(s, pt);
    }
    else
    {
      pt.cbits = null;
    }
    return pt;
  }

  /**
   * Attempt to match a Pattern beginning at a specified location within the
   * string.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#search
   */
  public boolean matchAt(String s, int start_pos)
  {
    return _search(s, start_pos, start_pos);
  }

  /**
   * Attempt to match a Pattern beginning at a specified location within the
   * StringLike.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#search
   */
  public boolean matchAt(StringLike s, int start_pos)
  {
    return _search(s, start_pos, start_pos);
  }

  /**
   * Search through a String for the first occurrence of a match.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#searchFrom
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#matchAt
   */
  public boolean search(String s)
  {
    if (s == null)
    {
      throw new NullPointerException(
              MessageManager
                      .getString("exception.null_string_given_to_regex_search"));
    }
    return _search(s, 0, s.length());
  }

  public boolean search(StringLike sl)
  {
    if (sl == null)
    {
      throw new NullPointerException(
              MessageManager
                      .getString("exception.null_string_like_given_to_regex_search"));
    }
    return _search(sl, 0, sl.length());
  }

  public boolean reverseSearch(String s)
  {
    if (s == null)
    {
      throw new NullPointerException(
              MessageManager
                      .getString("exception.null_string_given_to_regex_reverse_search"));
    }
    return _reverseSearch(s, 0, s.length());
  }

  public boolean reverseSearch(StringLike sl)
  {
    if (sl == null)
    {
      throw new NullPointerException(
              MessageManager
                      .getString("exception.null_string_like_given_to_regex_reverse_search"));
    }
    return _reverseSearch(sl, 0, sl.length());
  }

  /**
   * Search through a String for the first occurence of a match, but start at
   * position
   * 
   * <pre>
   * start
   * </pre>
   */
  public boolean searchFrom(String s, int start)
  {
    if (s == null)
    {
      throw new NullPointerException(
              MessageManager
                      .getString("exception.null_string_like_given_to_regex_search_from"));
    }
    return _search(s, start, s.length());
  }

  public boolean searchFrom(StringLike s, int start)
  {
    if (s == null)
    {
      throw new NullPointerException(
              MessageManager
                      .getString("exception.null_string_like_given_to_regex_search_from"));
    }
    return _search(s, start, s.length());
  }

  /**
   * Search through a region of a String for the first occurence of a match.
   */
  public boolean searchRegion(String s, int start, int end)
  {
    if (s == null)
    {
      throw new NullPointerException(
              MessageManager
                      .getString("exception.null_string_like_given_to_regex_search_region"));
    }
    return _search(s, start, end);
  }

  /**
   * Set this to change the default behavior of the "." pattern. By default it
   * now matches perl's behavior and fails to match the '\n' character.
   */
  public static boolean dotDoesntMatchCR = true;

  StringLike gFlags;

  int gFlagto = 0;

  boolean gFlag = false;

  /** Set the 'g' flag */
  public void setGFlag(boolean b)
  {
    gFlag = b;
  }

  /** Get the state of the 'g' flag. */
  public boolean getGFlag()
  {
    return gFlag;
  }

  boolean sFlag = false;

  /** Get the state of the sFlag */
  public boolean getSFlag()
  {
    return sFlag;
  }

  boolean mFlag = false;

  /** Get the state of the sFlag */
  public boolean getMFlag()
  {
    return mFlag;
  }

  final boolean _search(String s, int start, int end)
  {
    return _search(new StringWrap(s), start, end);
  }

  final boolean _search(StringLike s, int start, int end)
  {
    if (gFlag && gFlagto > 0 && gFlags != null
            && s.unwrap() == gFlags.unwrap())
    {
      start = gFlagto;
    }
    gFlags = null;

    Pthings pt = prep(s);

    int up = (minMatch == null ? end : end - minMatch.i);

    if (up < start && end >= start)
    {
      up = start;
    }

    if (skipper == null)
    {
      for (int i = start; i <= up; i++)
      {
        charsMatched_ = thePattern.matchAt(s, i, pt);
        if (charsMatched_ >= 0)
        {
          matchFrom_ = thePattern.mfrom;
          marks = pt.marks;
          gFlagto = matchFrom_ + charsMatched_;
          gFlags = s;
          return didMatch_ = true;
        }
      }
    }
    else
    {
      pt.no_check = true;
      for (int i = start; i <= up; i++)
      {
        i = skipper.find(src, i, up);
        if (i < 0)
        {
          charsMatched_ = matchFrom_ = -1;
          return didMatch_ = false;
        }
        charsMatched_ = thePattern.matchAt(s, i, pt);
        if (charsMatched_ >= 0)
        {
          matchFrom_ = thePattern.mfrom;
          marks = pt.marks;
          gFlagto = matchFrom_ + charsMatched_;
          gFlags = s;
          return didMatch_ = true;
        }
      }
    }
    return didMatch_ = false;
  }

  /*
   * final boolean _search(LongStringLike s,long start,long end) { if(gFlag &&
   * gFlagto > 0 && s==gFlags) start = gFlagto; gFlags = null;
   * 
   * Pthings pt=prep(s);
   * 
   * int up = end;//(minMatch == null ? end : end-minMatch.i);
   * 
   * if(up < start && end >= start) up = start;
   * 
   * if(skipper == null) { for(long i=start;i<=up;i++) { charsMatched_ =
   * thePattern.matchAt(s,i,pt); if(charsMatched_ >= 0) { matchFrom_ =
   * thePattern.mfrom; marks = pt.marks; gFlagto = matchFrom_+charsMatched_;
   * return didMatch_=true; } } } else { pt.no_check = true; for(long
   * i=start;i<=up;i++) { i = skipper.find(src,i,up); if(i<0) { charsMatched_ =
   * matchFrom_ = -1; return didMatch_ = false; } charsMatched_ =
   * thePattern.matchAt(s,i,pt); if(charsMatched_ >= 0) { matchFrom_ =
   * thePattern.mfrom; marks = pt.marks; gFlagto = matchFrom_+charsMatched_;
   * gFlags = s; return didMatch_=true; } else { i = s.adjustIndex(i); up =
   * s.adjustEnd(i); } } } return didMatch_=false; }
   */

  boolean _reverseSearch(String s, int start, int end)
  {
    return _reverseSearch(new StringWrap(s), start, end);
  }

  boolean _reverseSearch(StringLike s, int start, int end)
  {
    if (gFlag && gFlagto > 0 && s.unwrap() == gFlags.unwrap())
    {
      end = gFlagto;
    }
    gFlags = null;
    Pthings pt = prep(s);
    for (int i = end; i >= start; i--)
    {
      charsMatched_ = thePattern.matchAt(s, i, pt);
      if (charsMatched_ >= 0)
      {
        matchFrom_ = thePattern.mfrom;
        marks = pt.marks;
        gFlagto = matchFrom_ - 1;
        gFlags = s;
        return didMatch_ = true;
      }
    }
    return didMatch_ = false;
  }

  // This routine sets the cbits variable
  // of class Pattern. Cbits is true for
  // the bit corresponding to a character inside
  // a set of quotes.
  static StringLike lasts = null;

  static BitSet lastbs = null;

  static void setCbits(StringLike s, Pthings pt)
  {
    if (s == lasts)
    {
      pt.cbits = lastbs;
      return;
    }
    BitSet bs = new BitSet(s.length());
    char qc = ' ';
    boolean setBit = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
    {
      if (setBit)
      {
        bs.set(i);
      }
      char c = s.charAt(i);
      if (!setBit && c == '"')
      {
        qc = c;
        setBit = true;
        bs.set(i);
      }
      else if (!setBit && c == '\'')
      {
        qc = c;
        setBit = true;
        bs.set(i);
      }
      else if (setBit && c == qc)
      {
        setBit = false;
      }
      else if (setBit && c == '\\' && i + 1 < s.length())
      {
        i++;
        if (setBit)
        {
          bs.set(i);
        }
      }
    }
    pt.cbits = lastbs = bs;
    lasts = s;
  }

  // Wanted user to over-ride this in alpha version,
  // but it wasn't really necessary because of this trick:
  Regex newRegex()
  {
    try
    {
      return (Regex) getClass().newInstance();
    } catch (InstantiationException ie)
    {
      return null;
    } catch (IllegalAccessException iae)
    {
      return null;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Only needed for creating your own extensions of Regex. This method adds the
   * next Pattern in the chain of patterns or sets the Pattern if it is the
   * first call.
   */
  protected void add(Pattern p2)
  {
    if (p == null)
    {
      p = p2;
    }
    else
    {
      p.add(p2);
      p2 = p;
    }
  }

  /**
   * You only need to use this method if you are creating your own extentions to
   * Regex. compile1 compiles one Pattern element, it can be over-ridden to
   * allow the Regex compiler to understand new syntax. See deriv.java for an
   * example. This routine is the heart of class Regex. Rthings has one integer
   * member called intValue, it is used to keep track of the number of ()'s in
   * the Pattern.
   * 
   * @exception com.stevesoft.pat.RegSyntax
   *              is thrown when a nonsensensical pattern is supplied. For
   *              example, a pattern beginning with *.
   */
  protected void compile1(StrPos sp, Rthings mk) throws RegSyntax
  {
    if (sp.match('['))
    {
      sp.inc();
      add(matchBracket(sp));
    }
    else if (sp.match('|'))
    {
      if (or == null)
      {
        or = new Or();
      }
      if (p == null)
      {
        p = new NullPattern();
      }
      or.addOr(p);
      p = null;
    }
    else if (sp.incMatch("(?<"))
    {
      patInt i = sp.getPatInt();
      if (i == null)
      {
        RegSyntaxError.endItAll("No int after (?<");
      }
      add(new Backup(i.intValue()));
      if (!sp.match(')'))
      {
        RegSyntaxError.endItAll("No ) after (?<");
      }
    }
    else if (sp.incMatch("(?>"))
    {
      patInt i = sp.getPatInt();
      if (i == null)
      {
        RegSyntaxError.endItAll("No int after (?>");
      }
      add(new Backup(-i.intValue()));
      if (!sp.match(')'))
      {
        RegSyntaxError.endItAll("No ) after (?<");
      }
    }
    else if (sp.incMatch("(?@"))
    {
      char op = sp.c;
      sp.inc();
      char cl = sp.c;
      sp.inc();
      if (!sp.match(')'))
      {
        RegSyntaxError.endItAll("(?@ does not have closing paren");
      }
      add(new Group(op, cl));
    }
    else if (sp.incMatch("(?#"))
    {
      while (!sp.match(')'))
      {
        sp.inc();
      }
    }
    else if (sp.dontMatch && sp.c == 'w')
    {
      // Regex r = new Regex();
      // r._compile("[a-zA-Z0-9_]",mk);
      // add(new Goop("\\w",r.thePattern));
      Bracket b = new Bracket(false);
      b.addOr(new Range('a', 'z'));
      b.addOr(new Range('A', 'Z'));
      b.addOr(new Range('0', '9'));
      b.addOr(new oneChar('_'));
      add(b);
    }
    else if (sp.dontMatch && sp.c == 'G')
    {
      add(new BackG());
    }
    else if (sp.dontMatch && sp.c == 's')
    {
      // Regex r = new Regex();
      // r._compile("[ \t\n\r\b]",mk);
      // add(new Goop("\\s",r.thePattern));
      Bracket b = new Bracket(false);
      b.addOr(new oneChar((char) 32));
      b.addOr(new Range((char) 8, (char) 10));
      b.addOr(new oneChar((char) 13));
      add(b);
    }
    else if (sp.dontMatch && sp.c == 'd')
    {
      // Regex r = new Regex();
      // r._compile("[0-9]",mk);
      // add(new Goop("\\d",r.thePattern));
      Range digit = new Range('0', '9');
      digit.printBrackets = true;
      add(digit);
    }
    else if (sp.dontMatch && sp.c == 'W')
    {
      // Regex r = new Regex();
      // r._compile("[^a-zA-Z0-9_]",mk);
      // add(new Goop("\\W",r.thePattern));
      Bracket b = new Bracket(true);
      b.addOr(new Range('a', 'z'));
      b.addOr(new Range('A', 'Z'));
      b.addOr(new Range('0', '9'));
      b.addOr(new oneChar('_'));
      add(b);
    }
    else if (sp.dontMatch && sp.c == 'S')
    {
      // Regex r = new Regex();
      // r._compile("[^ \t\n\r\b]",mk);
      // add(new Goop("\\S",r.thePattern));
      Bracket b = new Bracket(true);
      b.addOr(new oneChar((char) 32));
      b.addOr(new Range((char) 8, (char) 10));
      b.addOr(new oneChar((char) 13));
      add(b);
    }
    else if (sp.dontMatch && sp.c == 'D')
    {
      // Regex r = new Regex();
      // r._compile("[^0-9]",mk);
      // add(new Goop("\\D",r.thePattern));
      Bracket b = new Bracket(true);
      b.addOr(new Range('0', '9'));
      add(b);
    }
    else if (sp.dontMatch && sp.c == 'B')
    {
      Regex r = new Regex();
      r._compile("(?!" + back_slash + "b)", mk);
      add(r.thePattern);
    }
    else if (isOctalString(sp))
    {
      int d = sp.c - '0';
      sp.inc();
      d = 8 * d + sp.c - '0';
      StrPos sp2 = new StrPos(sp);
      sp2.inc();
      if (isOctalDigit(sp2, false))
      {
        sp.inc();
        d = 8 * d + sp.c - '0';
      }
      add(new oneChar((char) d));
    }
    else if (sp.dontMatch && sp.c >= '1' && sp.c <= '9')
    {
      int iv = sp.c - '0';
      StrPos s2 = new StrPos(sp);
      s2.inc();
      if (!s2.dontMatch && s2.c >= '0' && s2.c <= '9')
      {
        iv = 10 * iv + (s2.c - '0');
        sp.inc();
      }
      add(new BackMatch(iv));
    }
    else if (sp.dontMatch && sp.c == 'b')
    {
      add(new Boundary());
    }
    else if (sp.match('\b'))
    {
      add(new Boundary());
    }
    else if (sp.match('$'))
    {
      add(new End(true));
    }
    else if (sp.dontMatch && sp.c == 'Z')
    {
      add(new End(false));
    }
    else if (sp.match('.'))
    {
      add(new Any());
    }
    else if (sp.incMatch("(??"))
    {
      StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
      StringBuffer sb2 = new StringBuffer();
      while (!sp.match(')') && !sp.match(':'))
      {
        sb.append(sp.c);
        sp.inc();
      }
      if (sp.incMatch(":"))
      {
        while (!sp.match(')'))
        {
          sb2.append(sp.c);
          sp.inc();
        }
      }
      String sbs = sb.toString();
      if (validators.get(sbs) instanceof String)
      {
        String pat = (String) validators.get(sbs);
        Regex r = newRegex();
        Rthings rth = new Rthings(this);
        rth.noBackRefs = true;
        r._compile(pat, rth);
        add(r.thePattern);
      }
      else
      {
        Custom cm = new Custom(sb.toString());
        if (cm.v != null)
        {
          Validator v2 = cm.v.arg(sb2.toString());
          if (v2 != null)
          {
            v2.argsave = sb2.toString();
            String p = cm.v.pattern;
            cm.v = v2;
            v2.pattern = p;
          }
          Regex r = newRegex();
          Rthings rth = new Rthings(this);
          rth.noBackRefs = true;
          r._compile(cm.v.pattern, rth);
          cm.sub = r.thePattern;
          cm.sub.add(new CustomEndpoint(cm));
          cm.sub.setParent(cm);
          add(cm);
        }
      }
    }
    else if (sp.match('('))
    {
      mk.parenLevel++;
      Regex r = newRegex();
      // r.or = new Or();
      sp.inc();
      if (sp.incMatch("?:"))
      {
        r.or = new Or();
      }
      else if (sp.incMatch("?="))
      {
        r.or = new lookAhead(false);
      }
      else if (sp.incMatch("?!"))
      {
        r.or = new lookAhead(true);
      }
      else if (sp.match('?'))
      {
        sp.inc();
        do
        {
          if (sp.c == 'i')
          {
            mk.ignoreCase = true;
          }
          if (sp.c == 'Q')
          {
            mk.dontMatchInQuotes = true;
          }
          if (sp.c == 'o')
          {
            mk.optimizeMe = true;
          }
          if (sp.c == 'g')
          {
            mk.gFlag = true;
          }
          if (sp.c == 's')
          {
            mk.sFlag = true;
          }
          if (sp.c == 'm')
          {
            mk.mFlag = true;
          }
          sp.inc();
        } while (!sp.match(')') && !sp.eos);
        r = null;
        mk.parenLevel--;
        if (sp.eos) // throw new RegSyntax
        {
          RegSyntaxError.endItAll("Unclosed ()");
        }
      }
      else
      { // just ordinary parenthesis
        r.or = mk.noBackRefs ? new Or() : new OrMark(mk.val++);
      }
      if (r != null)
      {
        add(r._compile(sp, mk));
      }
    }
    else if (sp.match('^'))
    {
      add(new Start(true));
    }
    else if (sp.dontMatch && sp.c == 'A')
    {
      add(new Start(false));
    }
    else if (sp.match('*'))
    {
      addMulti(new patInt(0), new patInf());
    }
    else if (sp.match('+'))
    {
      addMulti(new patInt(1), new patInf());
    }
    else if (sp.match('?'))
    {
      addMulti(new patInt(0), new patInt(1));
    }
    else if (sp.match('{'))
    {
      boolean bad = false;
      StrPos sp2 = new StrPos(sp);
      // StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
      sp.inc();
      patInt i1 = sp.getPatInt();
      patInt i2 = null;
      if (sp.match('}'))
      {
        i2 = i1;
      }
      else
      {
        if (!sp.match(','))
        {
          /*
           * RegSyntaxError.endItAll( "String \"{"+i2+ "\" should be followed
           * with , or }");
           */
          bad = true;
        }
        sp.inc();
        if (sp.match('}'))
        {
          i2 = new patInf();
        }
        else
        {
          i2 = sp.getPatInt();
        }
      }
      if (i1 == null || i2 == null)
      {
        /*
         * throw new RegSyntax("Badly formatted Multi: " +"{"+i1+","+i2+"}");
         */
        bad = true;
      }
      if (bad)
      {
        sp.dup(sp2);
        add(new oneChar(sp.c));
      }
      else
      {
        addMulti(i1, i2);
      }
    }
    else if (sp.escMatch('x') && next2Hex(sp))
    {
      sp.inc();
      int d = getHexDigit(sp);
      sp.inc();
      d = 16 * d + getHexDigit(sp);
      add(new oneChar((char) d));
    }
    else if (sp.escMatch('c'))
    {
      sp.inc();
      if (sp.c < Ctrl.cmap.length)
      {
        add(new oneChar(Ctrl.cmap[sp.c]));
      }
      else
      {
        add(new oneChar(sp.c));
      }
    }
    else if (sp.escMatch('f'))
    {
      add(new oneChar((char) 12));
    }
    else if (sp.escMatch('a'))
    {
      add(new oneChar((char) 7));
    }
    else if (sp.escMatch('t'))
    {
      add(new oneChar('\t'));
    }
    else if (sp.escMatch('n'))
    {
      add(new oneChar('\n'));
    }
    else if (sp.escMatch('r'))
    {
      add(new oneChar('\r'));
    }
    else if (sp.escMatch('b'))
    {
      add(new oneChar('\b'));
    }
    else if (sp.escMatch('e'))
    {
      add(new oneChar((char) 27));
    }
    else
    {
      add(new oneChar(sp.c));
      if (sp.match(')'))
      {
        RegSyntaxError.endItAll("Unmatched right paren in pattern");
      }
    }
  }

  // compiles all Pattern elements, internal method
  private Pattern _compile(String pat, Rthings mk) throws RegSyntax
  {
    minMatch = null;
    sFlag = mFlag = ignoreCase = gFlag = false;
    StrPos sp = new StrPos(pat, 0);
    thePattern = _compile(sp, mk);
    pt.marks = null;
    return thePattern;
  }

  Pattern p = null;

  Or or = null;

  Pattern _compile(StrPos sp, Rthings mk) throws RegSyntax
  {
    while (!(sp.eos || (or != null && sp.match(')'))))
    {
      compile1(sp, mk);
      sp.inc();
    }
    if (sp.match(')'))
    {
      mk.parenLevel--;
    }
    else if (sp.eos && mk.parenLevel != 0)
    {
      RegSyntaxError.endItAll("Unclosed Parenthesis! lvl=" + mk.parenLevel);
    }
    if (or != null)
    {
      if (p == null)
      {
        p = new NullPattern();
      }
      or.addOr(p);
      return or;
    }
    return p == null ? new NullPattern() : p;
  }

  // add a multi object to the end of the chain
  // which applies to the last object
  void addMulti(patInt i1, patInt i2) throws RegSyntax
  {
    Pattern last, last2;
    for (last = p; last != null && last.next != null; last = last.next)
    {
      ;
    }
    if (last == null || last == p)
    {
      last2 = null;
    }
    else
    {
      for (last2 = p; last2.next != last; last2 = last2.next)
      {
        ;
      }
    }
    if (last instanceof Multi && i1.intValue() == 0 && i2.intValue() == 1)
    {
      ((Multi) last).matchFewest = true;
    }
    else if (last instanceof FastMulti && i1.intValue() == 0
            && i2.intValue() == 1)
    {
      ((FastMulti) last).matchFewest = true;
    }
    else if (last instanceof DotMulti && i1.intValue() == 0
            && i2.intValue() == 1)
    {
      ((DotMulti) last).matchFewest = true;
    }
    else if (last instanceof Multi || last instanceof DotMulti
            || last instanceof FastMulti)
    {
      throw new RegSyntax("Syntax error.");
    }
    else if (last2 == null)
    {
      p = mkMulti(i1, i2, p);
    }
    else
    {
      last2.next = mkMulti(i1, i2, last);
    }
  }

  final static Pattern mkMulti(patInt lo, patInt hi, Pattern p)
          throws RegSyntax
  {
    if (p instanceof Any && p.next == null)
    {
      return (Pattern) new DotMulti(lo, hi);
    }
    return RegOpt.safe4fm(p) ? (Pattern) new FastMulti(lo, hi, p)
            : (Pattern) new Multi(lo, hi, p);
  }

  // process the bracket operator
  Pattern matchBracket(StrPos sp) throws RegSyntax
  {
    Bracket ret;
    if (sp.match('^'))
    {
      ret = new Bracket(true);
      sp.inc();
    }
    else
    {
      ret = new Bracket(false);
    }
    if (sp.match(']'))
    {
      // throw new RegSyntax
      RegSyntaxError.endItAll("Unmatched []");
    }

    while (!sp.eos && !sp.match(']'))
    {
      StrPos s1 = new StrPos(sp);
      s1.inc();
      StrPos s1_ = new StrPos(s1);
      s1_.inc();
      if (s1.match('-') && !s1_.match(']'))
      {
        StrPos s2 = new StrPos(s1);
        s2.inc();
        if (!s2.eos)
        {
          ret.addOr(new Range(sp.c, s2.c));
        }
        sp.inc();
        sp.inc();
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('Q'))
      {
        sp.inc();
        while (!sp.escMatch('E'))
        {
          ret.addOr(new oneChar(sp.c));
          sp.inc();
        }
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('d'))
      {
        ret.addOr(new Range('0', '9'));
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('s'))
      {
        ret.addOr(new oneChar((char) 32));
        ret.addOr(new Range((char) 8, (char) 10));
        ret.addOr(new oneChar((char) 13));
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('w'))
      {
        ret.addOr(new Range('a', 'z'));
        ret.addOr(new Range('A', 'Z'));
        ret.addOr(new Range('0', '9'));
        ret.addOr(new oneChar('_'));
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('D'))
      {
        ret.addOr(new Range((char) 0, (char) 47));
        ret.addOr(new Range((char) 58, (char) 65535));
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('S'))
      {
        ret.addOr(new Range((char) 0, (char) 7));
        ret.addOr(new Range((char) 11, (char) 12));
        ret.addOr(new Range((char) 14, (char) 31));
        ret.addOr(new Range((char) 33, (char) 65535));
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('W'))
      {
        ret.addOr(new Range((char) 0, (char) 64));
        ret.addOr(new Range((char) 91, (char) 94));
        ret.addOr(new oneChar((char) 96));
        ret.addOr(new Range((char) 123, (char) 65535));
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('x') && next2Hex(sp))
      {
        sp.inc();
        int d = getHexDigit(sp);
        sp.inc();
        d = 16 * d + getHexDigit(sp);
        ret.addOr(new oneChar((char) d));
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('a'))
      {
        ret.addOr(new oneChar((char) 7));
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('f'))
      {
        ret.addOr(new oneChar((char) 12));
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('e'))
      {
        ret.addOr(new oneChar((char) 27));
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('n'))
      {
        ret.addOr(new oneChar('\n'));
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('t'))
      {
        ret.addOr(new oneChar('\t'));
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('r'))
      {
        ret.addOr(new oneChar('\r'));
      }
      else if (sp.escMatch('c'))
      {
        sp.inc();
        if (sp.c < Ctrl.cmap.length)
        {
          ret.addOr(new oneChar(Ctrl.cmap[sp.c]));
        }
        else
        {
          ret.addOr(new oneChar(sp.c));
        }
      }
      else if (isOctalString(sp))
      {
        int d = sp.c - '0';
        sp.inc();
        d = 8 * d + sp.c - '0';
        StrPos sp2 = new StrPos(sp);
        sp2.inc();
        if (isOctalDigit(sp2, false))
        {
          sp.inc();
          d = 8 * d + sp.c - '0';
        }
        ret.addOr(new oneChar((char) d));
      }
      else
      {
        ret.addOr(new oneChar(sp.c));
      }
      sp.inc();
    }
    return ret;
  }

  /**
   * Converts the stored Pattern to a String -- this is a decompile. Note that
   * \t and \n will really print out here, Not just the two character
   * representations. Also be prepared to see some strange output if your
   * characters are not printable.
   */
  public String toString()
  {
    if (false && thePattern == null)
    {
      return "";
    }
    else
    {
      StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
      if (esc != Pattern.ESC)
      {
        sb.append("(?e=");
        sb.append(esc);
        sb.append(")");
      }
      if (gFlag || mFlag || !dotDoesntMatchCR || sFlag || ignoreCase
              || dontMatchInQuotes || optimized())
      {
        sb.append("(?");
        if (ignoreCase)
        {
          sb.append("i");
        }
        if (mFlag)
        {
          sb.append("m");
        }
        if (sFlag || !dotDoesntMatchCR)
        {
          sb.append("s");
        }
        if (dontMatchInQuotes)
        {
          sb.append("Q");
        }
        if (optimized())
        {
          sb.append("o");
        }
        if (gFlag)
        {
          sb.append("g");
        }
        sb.append(")");
      }
      String patstr = thePattern.toString();
      if (esc != Pattern.ESC)
      {
        patstr = reEscape(patstr, Pattern.ESC, esc);
      }
      sb.append(patstr);
      return sb.toString();
    }
  }

  // Re-escape Pattern, allows us to use a different escape
  // character.
  static String reEscape(String s, char oldEsc, char newEsc)
  {
    if (oldEsc == newEsc)
    {
      return s;
    }
    int i;
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    for (i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
    {
      if (s.charAt(i) == oldEsc && i + 1 < s.length())
      {
        if (s.charAt(i + 1) == oldEsc)
        {
          sb.append(oldEsc);
        }
        else
        {
          sb.append(newEsc);
          sb.append(s.charAt(i + 1));
        }
        i++;
      }
      else if (s.charAt(i) == newEsc)
      {
        sb.append(newEsc);
        sb.append(newEsc);
      }
      else
      {
        sb.append(s.charAt(i));
      }
    }
    return sb.toString();
  }

  /**
   * This method implements FilenameFilter, allowing one to use a Regex to
   * search through a directory using File.list. There is a FileRegex now that
   * does this better.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.FileRegex
   */
  public boolean accept(File dir, String s)
  {
    return search(s);
  }

  /** The version of this package */
  final static public String version()
  {
    return "lgpl release 1.5.3";
  }

  /**
   * Once this method is called, the state of variables ignoreCase and
   * dontMatchInQuotes should not be changed as the results will be
   * unpredictable. However, search and matchAt will run more quickly. Note that
   * you can check to see if the pattern has been optimized by calling the
   * optimized() method.
   * <p>
   * This method will attempt to rewrite your pattern in a way that makes it
   * faster (not all patterns execute at the same speed). In general,
   * "(?: ... )" will be faster than "( ... )" so if you don't need the
   * backreference, you should group using the former pattern.
   * <p>
   * It will also introduce new pattern elements that you can't get to
   * otherwise, for example if you have a large table of strings, i.e. the
   * months of the year "(January|February|...)" optimize() will make a
   * Hashtable that takes it to the next appropriate pattern element --
   * eliminating the need for a linear search.
   * 
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#optimized
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#ignoreCase
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#dontMatchInQuotes
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#matchAt
   * @see com.stevesoft.pat.Regex#search
   */
  public void optimize()
  {
    if (optimized() || thePattern == null)
    {
      return;
    }
    minMatch = new patInt(0); // thePattern.countMinChars();
    thePattern = RegOpt.opt(thePattern, ignoreCase, dontMatchInQuotes);
    skipper = Skip.findSkip(this);
    // RegOpt.setParents(this);
    return;
  }

  Skip skipper;

  /**
   * This function returns true if the optimize method has been called.
   */
  public boolean optimized()
  {
    return minMatch != null;
  }

  /**
   * A bit of syntactic surgar for those who want to make their code look more
   * perl-like. To use this initialize your Regex object by saying:
   * 
   * <pre>
   *       Regex r1 = Regex.perlCode(&quot;s/hello/goodbye/&quot;);
   *       Regex r2 = Regex.perlCode(&quot;s'fish'frog'i&quot;);
   *       Regex r3 = Regex.perlCode(&quot;m'hello');
   * </pre>
   * 
   * The i for ignoreCase is supported in this syntax, as well as m, s, and x.
   * The g flat is a bit of a special case.
   * <p>
   * If you wish to replace all occurences of a pattern, you do not put a 'g' in
   * the perlCode, but call Regex's replaceAll method.
   * <p>
   * If you wish to simply and only do a search for r2's pattern, you can do
   * this by calling the searchFrom method method repeatedly, or by calling
   * search repeatedly if the g flag is set.
   * <p>
   * Note: Currently perlCode does <em>not</em> support the (?e=#) syntax for
   * changing the escape character.
   */

  public static Regex perlCode(String s)
  {
    // this file is big enough, see parsePerl.java
    // for this function.
    return parsePerl.parse(s);
  }

  static final char back_slash = '\\';

  /**
   * Checks to see if there are only literal and no special pattern elements in
   * this Regex.
   */
  public boolean isLiteral()
  {
    Pattern x = thePattern;
    while (x != null)
    {
      if (x instanceof oneChar)
      {
        ;
      }
      else if (x instanceof Skipped)
      {
        ;
      }
      else
      {
        return false;
      }
      x = x.next;
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * You only need to know about this if you are inventing your own pattern
   * elements.
   */
  public patInt countMinChars()
  {
    return thePattern.countMinChars();
  }

  /**
   * You only need to know about this if you are inventing your own pattern
   * elements.
   */
  public patInt countMaxChars()
  {
    return thePattern.countMaxChars();
  }

  boolean isHexDigit(StrPos sp)
  {
    boolean r = !sp.eos
            && !sp.dontMatch
            && ((sp.c >= '0' && sp.c <= '9')
                    || (sp.c >= 'a' && sp.c <= 'f') || (sp.c >= 'A' && sp.c <= 'F'));
    return r;
  }

  boolean isOctalDigit(StrPos sp, boolean first)
  {
    boolean r = !sp.eos && !(first ^ sp.dontMatch) && sp.c >= '0'
            && sp.c <= '7';
    return r;
  }

  int getHexDigit(StrPos sp)
  {
    if (sp.c >= '0' && sp.c <= '9')
    {
      return sp.c - '0';
    }
    if (sp.c >= 'a' && sp.c <= 'f')
    {
      return sp.c - 'a' + 10;
    }
    return sp.c - 'A' + 10;
  }

  boolean next2Hex(StrPos sp)
  {
    StrPos sp2 = new StrPos(sp);
    sp2.inc();
    if (!isHexDigit(sp2))
    {
      return false;
    }
    sp2.inc();
    if (!isHexDigit(sp2))
    {
      return false;
    }
    return true;
  }

  boolean isOctalString(StrPos sp)
  {
    if (!isOctalDigit(sp, true))
    {
      return false;
    }
    StrPos sp2 = new StrPos(sp);
    sp2.inc();
    if (!isOctalDigit(sp2, false))
    {
      return false;
    }
    return true;
  }
}