2 * Jalview - A Sequence Alignment Editor and Viewer ($$Version-Rel$$)
3 * Copyright (C) $$Year-Rel$$ The Jalview Authors
5 * This file is part of Jalview.
7 * Jalview is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
9 * as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3
10 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 * Jalview is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
13 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
14 * of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
15 * PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 * along with Jalview. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19 * The Jalview Authors are detailed in the 'AUTHORS' file.
21 package jalview.analysis.scoremodels;
23 import jalview.api.AlignmentViewPanel;
24 import jalview.api.analysis.PairwiseScoreModelI;
25 import jalview.api.analysis.ScoreModelI;
26 import jalview.api.analysis.SimilarityParamsI;
27 import jalview.datamodel.AlignmentView;
28 import jalview.math.Matrix;
29 import jalview.math.MatrixI;
30 import jalview.util.Comparison;
32 import java.util.Arrays;
35 * A class that models a substitution score matrix for any given alphabet of
36 * symbols. Instances of this class are immutable and thread-safe, so the same
37 * object is returned from calls to getInstance().
39 public class ScoreMatrix extends SimilarityScoreModel
40 implements PairwiseScoreModelI
42 private static final char GAP_CHARACTER = Comparison.GAP_DASH;
45 * an arbitrary score to assign for identity of an unknown symbol
46 * (this is the value on the diagonal in the * column of the NCBI matrix)
47 * (though a case could be made for using the minimum diagonal value)
49 private static final int UNKNOWN_IDENTITY_SCORE = 1;
52 * Jalview 2.10.1 treated gaps as X (peptide) or N (nucleotide)
53 * for pairwise scoring; 2.10.2 uses gap score (last column) in
54 * score matrix (JAL-2397)
55 * Set this flag to true (via Groovy) for 2.10.1 behaviour
57 private static boolean scoreGapAsAny = false;
59 public static final short UNMAPPED = (short) -1;
61 private static final String BAD_ASCII_ERROR = "Unexpected character %s in getPairwiseScore";
63 private static final int MAX_ASCII = 127;
66 * the name of the model as shown in menus
67 * each score model in use should have a unique name
72 * a description for the model as shown in tooltips
74 private String description;
77 * the characters that the model provides scores for
79 private char[] symbols;
82 * the score matrix; both dimensions must equal the number of symbols
83 * matrix[i][j] is the substitution score for replacing symbols[i] with symbols[j]
85 private float[][] matrix;
88 * quick lookup to convert from an ascii character value to the index
89 * of the corresponding symbol in the score matrix
91 private short[] symbolIndex;
94 * true for Protein Score matrix, false for dna score matrix
96 private boolean peptide;
98 private float minValue;
100 private float maxValue;
103 * Constructor given a name, symbol alphabet, and matrix of scores for pairs
104 * of symbols. The matrix should be square and of the same size as the
105 * alphabet, for example 20x20 for a 20 symbol alphabet.
108 * Unique, human readable name for the matrix
110 * the symbols to which scores apply
112 * Pairwise scores indexed according to the symbol alphabet
114 public ScoreMatrix(String theName, char[] alphabet, float[][] values)
116 this(theName, null, alphabet, values);
120 * Constructor given a name, description, symbol alphabet, and matrix of
121 * scores for pairs of symbols. The matrix should be square and of the same
122 * size as the alphabet, for example 20x20 for a 20 symbol alphabet.
125 * Unique, human readable name for the matrix
126 * @param theDescription
127 * descriptive display name suitable for use in menus
129 * the symbols to which scores apply
131 * Pairwise scores indexed according to the symbol alphabet
133 public ScoreMatrix(String theName, String theDescription, char[] alphabet,
136 if (alphabet.length != values.length)
138 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
139 "score matrix size must match alphabet size");
141 for (float[] row : values)
143 if (row.length != alphabet.length)
145 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
146 "score matrix size must be square");
150 this.matrix = values;
152 this.description = theDescription;
153 this.symbols = alphabet;
155 symbolIndex = buildSymbolIndex(alphabet);
160 * crude heuristic for now...
162 peptide = alphabet.length >= 20;
166 * Record the minimum and maximum score values
168 protected void findMinMax()
170 float min = Float.MAX_VALUE;
171 float max = -Float.MAX_VALUE;
174 for (float[] row : matrix)
180 min = Math.min(min, f);
181 max = Math.max(max, f);
191 * Returns an array A where A[i] is the position in the alphabet array of the
192 * character whose value is i. For example if the alphabet is { 'A', 'D', 'X'
193 * } then A['D'] = A[68] = 1.
195 * Unmapped characters (not in the alphabet) get an index of -1.
197 * Mappings are added automatically for lower case symbols (for non case
198 * sensitive scoring), unless they are explicitly present in the alphabet (are
199 * scored separately in the score matrix).
201 * the gap character (space, dash or dot) included in the alphabet (if any) is
202 * recorded in a field
207 short[] buildSymbolIndex(char[] alphabet)
209 short[] index = new short[MAX_ASCII + 1];
210 Arrays.fill(index, UNMAPPED);
212 for (char c : alphabet)
220 * also map lower-case character (unless separately mapped)
222 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
224 short lowerCase = (short) (c + ('a' - 'A'));
225 if (index[lowerCase] == UNMAPPED)
227 index[lowerCase] = pos;
236 public String getName()
242 public String getDescription()
248 public boolean isDNA()
254 public boolean isProtein()
260 * Returns a copy of the score matrix as used in getPairwiseScore. If using
261 * this matrix directly, callers <em>must</em> also call
262 * <code>getMatrixIndex</code> in order to get the matrix index for each
263 * character (symbol).
266 * @see #getMatrixIndex(char)
268 public float[][] getMatrix()
270 float[][] v = new float[matrix.length][matrix.length];
271 for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++)
273 v[i] = Arrays.copyOf(matrix[i], matrix[i].length);
279 * Answers the matrix index for a given character, or -1 if unmapped in the
280 * matrix. Use this method only if using <code>getMatrix</code> in order to
281 * compute scores directly (without symbol lookup) for efficiency.
287 public int getMatrixIndex(char c)
289 if (c < symbolIndex.length)
291 return symbolIndex[c];
300 * Returns the pairwise score for substituting c with d. If either c or d is
301 * an unexpected character, returns 1 for identity (c == d), else the minimum
302 * score value in the matrix.
305 public float getPairwiseScore(char c, char d)
307 if (c >= symbolIndex.length)
309 System.err.println(String.format(BAD_ASCII_ERROR, c));
312 if (d >= symbolIndex.length)
314 System.err.println(String.format(BAD_ASCII_ERROR, d));
318 int cIndex = symbolIndex[c];
319 int dIndex = symbolIndex[d];
320 if (cIndex != UNMAPPED && dIndex != UNMAPPED)
322 return matrix[cIndex][dIndex];
326 * one or both symbols not found in the matrix
327 * currently scoring as 1 (for identity) or the minimum
328 * matrix score value (otherwise)
329 * (a case could be made for using minimum row/column value instead)
331 return c == d ? UNKNOWN_IDENTITY_SCORE : getMinimumScore();
335 * pretty print the matrix
338 public String toString()
340 return outputMatrix(false);
344 * Print the score matrix, optionally formatted as html, with the alphabet
345 * symbols as column headings and at the start of each row.
347 * The non-html format should give an output which can be parsed as a score
353 public String outputMatrix(boolean html)
355 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(512);
358 * heading row with alphabet
362 sb.append("<table border=\"1\">");
363 sb.append(html ? "<tr><th></th>" : "");
367 sb.append("ScoreMatrix ").append(getName()).append("\n");
369 for (char sym : symbols)
373 sb.append("<th> ").append(sym).append(" </th>");
377 sb.append("\t").append(sym);
380 sb.append(html ? "</tr>\n" : "\n");
385 for (char c1 : symbols)
389 sb.append("<tr><td>");
391 sb.append(c1).append(html ? "</td>" : "");
392 for (char c2 : symbols)
394 sb.append(html ? "<td>" : "\t")
395 .append(matrix[symbolIndex[c1]][symbolIndex[c2]])
396 .append(html ? "</td>" : "");
398 sb.append(html ? "</tr>\n" : "\n");
402 sb.append("</table>");
404 return sb.toString();
408 * Answers the number of symbols coded for (also equal to the number of rows
409 * and columns of the score matrix)
415 return symbols.length;
419 * Computes an NxN matrix where N is the number of sequences, and entry [i, j]
420 * is sequence[i] pairwise multiplied with sequence[j], as a sum of scores
421 * computed using the current score matrix. For example
423 * <li>Sequences:</li>
428 * <li>Score matrix is BLOSUM62</li>
429 * <li>Gaps treated same as X (unknown)</li>
430 * <li>product [0, 0] = F.F + K.K + L.L = 6 + 5 + 4 = 15</li>
431 * <li>product [1, 1] = R.R + -.- + D.D = 5 + -1 + 6 = 10</li>
432 * <li>product [2, 2] = Q.Q + I.I + A.A = 5 + 4 + 4 = 13</li>
433 * <li>product [3, 3] = G.G + W.W + C.C = 6 + 11 + 9 = 26</li>
434 * <li>product[0, 1] = F.R + K.- + L.D = -3 + -1 + -3 = -8
437 * This method is thread-safe.
440 public MatrixI findSimilarities(AlignmentView seqstrings,
441 SimilarityParamsI options)
443 char gapChar = scoreGapAsAny ? (seqstrings.isNa() ? 'N' : 'X')
445 String[] seqs = seqstrings.getSequenceStrings(gapChar);
446 return findSimilarities(seqs, options);
450 * Computes pairwise similarities of a set of sequences using the given
457 protected MatrixI findSimilarities(String[] seqs,
458 SimilarityParamsI params)
460 double[][] values = new double[seqs.length][];
461 for (int row = 0; row < seqs.length; row++)
463 values[row] = new double[seqs.length];
464 for (int col = 0; col < seqs.length; col++)
466 double total = computeSimilarity(seqs[row], seqs[col], params);
467 values[row][col] = total;
470 return new Matrix(values);
474 * Calculates the pairwise similarity of two strings using the given
475 * calculation parameters
482 protected double computeSimilarity(String seq1, String seq2,
483 SimilarityParamsI params)
485 int len1 = seq1.length();
486 int len2 = seq2.length();
489 int width = Math.max(len1, len2);
490 for (int i = 0; i < width; i++)
492 if (i >= len1 || i >= len2)
495 * off the end of one sequence; stop if we are only matching
496 * on the shorter sequence length, else treat as trailing gap
498 if (params.denominateByShortestLength())
504 char c1 = i >= len1 ? GAP_CHARACTER : seq1.charAt(i);
505 char c2 = i >= len2 ? GAP_CHARACTER : seq2.charAt(i);
506 boolean gap1 = Comparison.isGap(c1);
507 boolean gap2 = Comparison.isGap(c2);
512 * gap-gap: include if options say so, else ignore
514 if (!params.includeGappedColumns())
519 else if (gap1 || gap2)
522 * gap-residue: score if options say so
524 if (!params.includeGaps())
529 float score = getPairwiseScore(c1, c2);
536 * Answers a hashcode computed from the symbol alphabet and the matrix score
540 public int hashCode()
542 int hs = Arrays.hashCode(symbols);
543 for (float[] row : matrix)
545 hs = hs * 31 + Arrays.hashCode(row);
551 * Answers true if the argument is a ScoreMatrix with the same symbol alphabet
552 * and score values, else false
555 public boolean equals(Object obj)
557 if (!(obj instanceof ScoreMatrix))
561 ScoreMatrix sm = (ScoreMatrix) obj;
562 if (Arrays.equals(symbols, sm.symbols)
563 && Arrays.deepEquals(matrix, sm.matrix))
571 * Returns the alphabet the matrix scores for, as a string of characters
577 return new String(symbols);
580 public float getMinimumScore()
585 public float getMaximumScore()
591 public ScoreModelI getInstance(AlignmentViewPanel avp)