2 * Jalview - A Sequence Alignment Editor and Viewer ($$Version-Rel$$)
3 * Copyright (C) $$Year-Rel$$ The Jalview Authors
5 * This file is part of Jalview.
7 * Jalview is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
9 * as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3
10 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 * Jalview is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
13 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
14 * of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
15 * PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 * along with Jalview. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19 * The Jalview Authors are detailed in the 'AUTHORS' file.
21 package jalview.ext.ensembl;
23 import jalview.api.FeatureColourI;
24 import jalview.api.FeatureSettingsModelI;
25 import jalview.datamodel.AlignmentI;
26 import jalview.datamodel.Sequence;
27 import jalview.datamodel.SequenceFeature;
28 import jalview.datamodel.SequenceI;
29 import jalview.io.gff.SequenceOntologyFactory;
30 import jalview.io.gff.SequenceOntologyI;
31 import jalview.schemes.FeatureColour;
32 import jalview.schemes.FeatureSettingsAdapter;
33 import jalview.util.MapList;
35 import java.awt.Color;
36 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
37 import java.net.URLDecoder;
38 import java.util.ArrayList;
39 import java.util.Arrays;
40 import java.util.List;
42 import com.stevesoft.pat.Regex;
45 * A class that fetches genomic sequence and all transcripts for an Ensembl gene
49 public class EnsemblGene extends EnsemblSeqProxy
51 private static final String GENE_PREFIX = "gene:";
54 * accepts anything as we will attempt lookup of gene or
55 * transcript id or gene name
57 private static final Regex ACCESSION_REGEX = new Regex(".*");
59 private static final EnsemblFeatureType[] FEATURES_TO_FETCH = {
60 EnsemblFeatureType.gene, EnsemblFeatureType.transcript,
61 EnsemblFeatureType.exon, EnsemblFeatureType.cds,
62 EnsemblFeatureType.variation };
65 * Default constructor (to use rest.ensembl.org)
73 * Constructor given the target domain to fetch data from
77 public EnsemblGene(String d)
83 public String getDbName()
89 protected EnsemblFeatureType[] getFeaturesToFetch()
91 return FEATURES_TO_FETCH;
95 protected EnsemblSeqType getSourceEnsemblType()
97 return EnsemblSeqType.GENOMIC;
101 * Returns an alignment containing the gene(s) for the given gene or
102 * transcript identifier, or external identifier (e.g. Uniprot id). If given a
103 * gene name or external identifier, returns any related gene sequences found
104 * for model organisms. If only a single gene is queried for, then its
105 * transcripts are also retrieved and added to the alignment. <br>
108 * <li>resolves a transcript identifier by looking up its parent gene id</li>
109 * <li>resolves an external identifier by looking up xref-ed gene ids</li>
110 * <li>fetches the gene sequence</li>
111 * <li>fetches features on the sequence</li>
112 * <li>identifies "transcript" features whose Parent is the requested gene</li>
113 * <li>fetches the transcript sequence for each transcript</li>
114 * <li>makes a mapping from the gene to each transcript</li>
115 * <li>copies features from gene to transcript sequences</li>
116 * <li>fetches the protein sequence for each transcript, maps and saves it as
117 * a cross-reference</li>
118 * <li>aligns each transcript against the gene sequence based on the position
123 * a single gene or transcript identifier or gene name
124 * @return an alignment containing a gene, and possibly transcripts, or null
127 public AlignmentI getSequenceRecords(String query) throws Exception
130 * convert to a non-duplicated list of gene identifiers
132 List<String> geneIds = getGeneIds(query);
134 AlignmentI al = null;
135 for (String geneId : geneIds)
138 * fetch the gene sequence(s) with features and xrefs
140 AlignmentI geneAlignment = super.getSequenceRecords(geneId);
141 if (geneAlignment == null)
145 if (geneAlignment.getHeight() == 1)
147 getTranscripts(geneAlignment, geneId);
155 al.append(geneAlignment);
162 * Converts a query, which may contain one or more gene or transcript
163 * identifiers, into a non-redundant list of gene identifiers.
168 List<String> getGeneIds(String accessions)
170 List<String> geneIds = new ArrayList<String>();
172 for (String acc : accessions.split(getAccessionSeparator()))
174 if (isGeneIdentifier(acc))
176 if (!geneIds.contains(acc))
183 * if given a transcript id, look up its gene parent
185 else if (isTranscriptIdentifier(acc))
187 String geneId = new EnsemblLookup(getDomain()).getParent(acc);
188 if (geneId != null && !geneIds.contains(geneId))
193 else if (isProteinIdentifier(acc))
195 String tscriptId = new EnsemblLookup(getDomain()).getParent(acc);
196 if (tscriptId != null)
198 String geneId = new EnsemblLookup(getDomain())
199 .getParent(tscriptId);
201 if (geneId != null && !geneIds.contains(geneId))
208 * if given a gene or other external name, lookup and fetch
209 * the corresponding gene for all model organisms
213 List<String> ids = new EnsemblSymbol(getDomain(), getDbSource(),
214 getDbVersion()).getIds(acc);
215 for (String geneId : ids)
217 if (!geneIds.contains(geneId))
228 * Attempts to get Ensembl stable identifiers for model organisms for a gene
229 * name by calling the xrefs symbol REST service to resolve the gene name.
234 protected String getGeneIdentifiersForName(String query)
236 List<String> ids = new EnsemblSymbol(getDomain(), getDbSource(),
237 getDbVersion()).getIds(query);
240 for (String id : ids)
242 if (isGeneIdentifier(id))
252 * Constructs all transcripts for the gene, as identified by "transcript"
253 * features whose Parent is the requested gene. The coding transcript
254 * sequences (i.e. with introns omitted) are added to the alignment.
260 protected void getTranscripts(AlignmentI al, String accId)
263 SequenceI gene = al.getSequenceAt(0);
264 List<SequenceFeature> transcriptFeatures = getTranscriptFeatures(accId,
267 for (SequenceFeature transcriptFeature : transcriptFeatures)
269 makeTranscript(transcriptFeature, al, gene);
272 clearGeneFeatures(gene);
276 * Remove unwanted features (transcript, exon, CDS) from the gene sequence
277 * after we have used them to derive transcripts and transfer features
281 protected void clearGeneFeatures(SequenceI gene)
283 SequenceFeature[] sfs = gene.getSequenceFeatures();
286 SequenceOntologyI so = SequenceOntologyFactory.getInstance();
287 List<SequenceFeature> filtered = new ArrayList<SequenceFeature>();
288 for (SequenceFeature sf : sfs)
290 String type = sf.getType();
291 if (!isTranscript(type) && !so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.EXON)
292 && !so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.CDS))
297 gene.setSequenceFeatures(filtered
298 .toArray(new SequenceFeature[filtered.size()]));
303 * Constructs a spliced transcript sequence by finding 'exon' features for the
304 * given id (or failing that 'CDS'). Copies features on to the new sequence.
305 * 'Aligns' the new sequence against the gene sequence by padding with gaps,
306 * and adds it to the alignment.
308 * @param transcriptFeature
310 * the alignment to which to add the new sequence
312 * the parent gene sequence, with features
315 SequenceI makeTranscript(SequenceFeature transcriptFeature,
316 AlignmentI al, SequenceI gene)
318 String accId = getTranscriptId(transcriptFeature);
325 * NB we are mapping from gene sequence (not genome), so do not
326 * need to check for reverse strand (gene and transcript sequences
327 * are in forward sense)
331 * make a gene-length sequence filled with gaps
332 * we will fill in the bases for transcript regions
334 char[] seqChars = new char[gene.getLength()];
335 Arrays.fill(seqChars, al.getGapCharacter());
338 * look for exon features of the transcript, failing that for CDS
339 * (for example ENSG00000124610 has 1 CDS but no exon features)
341 String parentId = "transcript:" + accId;
342 List<SequenceFeature> splices = findFeatures(gene,
343 SequenceOntologyI.EXON, parentId);
344 if (splices.isEmpty())
346 splices = findFeatures(gene, SequenceOntologyI.CDS, parentId);
349 int transcriptLength = 0;
350 final char[] geneChars = gene.getSequence();
351 int offset = gene.getStart(); // to convert to 0-based positions
352 List<int[]> mappedFrom = new ArrayList<int[]>();
354 for (SequenceFeature sf : splices)
356 int start = sf.getBegin() - offset;
357 int end = sf.getEnd() - offset;
358 int spliceLength = end - start + 1;
359 System.arraycopy(geneChars, start, seqChars, start, spliceLength);
360 transcriptLength += spliceLength;
361 mappedFrom.add(new int[] { sf.getBegin(), sf.getEnd() });
364 Sequence transcript = new Sequence(accId, seqChars, 1, transcriptLength);
367 * Ensembl has gene name as transcript Name
368 * EnsemblGenomes doesn't, but has a url-encoded description field
370 String description = (String) transcriptFeature.getValue(NAME);
371 if (description == null)
373 description = (String) transcriptFeature.getValue(DESCRIPTION);
375 if (description != null)
379 transcript.setDescription(URLDecoder.decode(description, "UTF-8"));
380 } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
382 e.printStackTrace(); // as if
385 transcript.createDatasetSequence();
387 al.addSequence(transcript);
390 * transfer features to the new sequence; we use EnsemblCdna to do this,
391 * to filter out unwanted features types (see method retainFeature)
393 List<int[]> mapTo = new ArrayList<int[]>();
394 mapTo.add(new int[] { 1, transcriptLength });
395 MapList mapping = new MapList(mappedFrom, mapTo, 1, 1);
396 EnsemblCdna cdna = new EnsemblCdna(getDomain());
397 cdna.transferFeatures(gene.getSequenceFeatures(),
398 transcript.getDatasetSequence(), mapping, parentId);
401 * fetch and save cross-references
403 cdna.getCrossReferences(transcript);
406 * and finally fetch the protein product and save as a cross-reference
408 cdna.addProteinProduct(transcript);
414 * Returns the 'transcript_id' property of the sequence feature (or null)
419 protected String getTranscriptId(SequenceFeature feature)
421 return (String) feature.getValue("transcript_id");
425 * Returns a list of the transcript features on the sequence whose Parent is
426 * the gene for the accession id.
429 * @param geneSequence
432 protected List<SequenceFeature> getTranscriptFeatures(String accId,
433 SequenceI geneSequence)
435 List<SequenceFeature> transcriptFeatures = new ArrayList<SequenceFeature>();
437 String parentIdentifier = GENE_PREFIX + accId;
438 SequenceFeature[] sfs = geneSequence.getSequenceFeatures();
442 for (SequenceFeature sf : sfs)
444 if (isTranscript(sf.getType()))
446 String parent = (String) sf.getValue(PARENT);
447 if (parentIdentifier.equals(parent))
449 transcriptFeatures.add(sf);
455 return transcriptFeatures;
459 public String getDescription()
461 return "Fetches all transcripts and variant features for a gene or transcript";
465 * Default test query is a gene id (can also enter a transcript id)
468 public String getTestQuery()
470 return "ENSG00000157764"; // BRAF, 5 transcripts, reverse strand
471 // ENSG00000090266 // NDUFB2, 15 transcripts, forward strand
472 // ENSG00000101812 // H2BFM histone, 3 transcripts, forward strand
473 // ENSG00000123569 // H2BFWT histone, 2 transcripts, reverse strand
477 * Answers true for a feature of type 'gene' (or a sub-type of gene in the
478 * Sequence Ontology), whose ID is the accession we are retrieving
481 protected boolean identifiesSequence(SequenceFeature sf, String accId)
483 if (SequenceOntologyFactory.getInstance().isA(sf.getType(),
484 SequenceOntologyI.GENE))
486 String id = (String) sf.getValue(ID);
487 if ((GENE_PREFIX + accId).equals(id))
496 * Answers true unless feature type is 'gene', or 'transcript' with a parent
497 * which is a different gene. We need the gene features to identify the range,
498 * but it is redundant information on the gene sequence. Checking the parent
499 * allows us to drop transcript features which belong to different
500 * (overlapping) genes.
503 protected boolean retainFeature(SequenceFeature sf, String accessionId)
505 SequenceOntologyI so = SequenceOntologyFactory.getInstance();
506 String type = sf.getType();
507 if (so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.GENE))
511 if (isTranscript(type))
513 String parent = (String) sf.getValue(PARENT);
514 if (!(GENE_PREFIX + accessionId).equals(parent))
523 * Answers false. This allows an optimisation - a single 'gene' feature is all
524 * that is needed to identify the positions of the gene on the genomic
528 protected boolean isSpliceable()
534 * Override to do nothing as Ensembl doesn't return a protein sequence for a
538 protected void addProteinProduct(SequenceI querySeq)
543 public Regex getAccessionValidator()
545 return ACCESSION_REGEX;
549 * Returns a descriptor for suitable feature display settings with
551 * <li>only exon or sequence_variant features (or their subtypes in the
552 * Sequence Ontology) visible</li>
553 * <li>variant features coloured red</li>
554 * <li>exon features coloured by label (exon name)</li>
555 * <li>variants displayed above (on top of) exons</li>
559 public FeatureSettingsModelI getFeatureColourScheme()
561 return new FeatureSettingsAdapter()
563 SequenceOntologyI so = SequenceOntologyFactory.getInstance();
566 public boolean isFeatureDisplayed(String type)
568 return (so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.EXON) || so.isA(type,
569 SequenceOntologyI.SEQUENCE_VARIANT));
573 public FeatureColourI getFeatureColour(String type)
575 if (so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.EXON))
577 return new FeatureColour()
580 public boolean isColourByLabel()
586 if (so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.SEQUENCE_VARIANT))
588 return new FeatureColour()
592 public Color getColour()
602 * order to render sequence_variant after exon after the rest
605 public int compare(String feature1, String feature2)
607 if (so.isA(feature1, SequenceOntologyI.SEQUENCE_VARIANT))
611 if (so.isA(feature2, SequenceOntologyI.SEQUENCE_VARIANT))
615 if (so.isA(feature1, SequenceOntologyI.EXON))
619 if (so.isA(feature2, SequenceOntologyI.EXON))