2 * Jalview - A Sequence Alignment Editor and Viewer
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3 * Copyright (C) 2007 AM Waterhouse, J Procter, G Barton, M Clamp, S Searle
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5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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6 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
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7 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
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8 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
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15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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17 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
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19 package jalview.util;
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22 import java.lang.reflect.*;
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25 * BrowserLauncher is a class that provides one static method, openURL, which opens the default
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26 * web browser for the current user of the system to the given URL. It may support other
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27 * protocols depending on the system -- mailto, ftp, etc. -- but that has not been rigorously
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28 * tested and is not guaranteed to work.
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30 * Yes, this is platform-specific code, and yes, it may rely on classes on certain platforms
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31 * that are not part of the standard JDK. What we're trying to do, though, is to take something
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32 * that's frequently desirable but inherently platform-specific -- opening a default browser --
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33 * and allow programmers (you, for example) to do so without worrying about dropping into native
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34 * code or doing anything else similarly evil.
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36 * Anyway, this code is completely in Java and will run on all JDK 1.1-compliant systems without
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37 * modification or a need for additional libraries. All classes that are required on certain
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38 * platforms to allow this to run are dynamically loaded at runtime via reflection and, if not
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39 * found, will not cause this to do anything other than returning an error when opening the
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42 * There are certain system requirements for this class, as it's running through Runtime.exec(),
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43 * which is Java's way of making a native system call. Currently, this requires that a Macintosh
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44 * have a Finder which supports the GURL event, which is true for Mac OS 8.0 and 8.1 systems that
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45 * have the Internet Scripting AppleScript dictionary installed in the Scripting Additions folder
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46 * in the Extensions folder (which is installed by default as far as I know under Mac OS 8.0 and
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47 * 8.1), and for all Mac OS 8.5 and later systems. On Windows, it only runs under Win32 systems
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48 * (Windows 95, 98, and NT 4.0, as well as later versions of all). On other systems, this drops
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49 * back from the inherently platform-sensitive concept of a default browser and simply attempts
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50 * to launch Netscape via a shell command.
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52 * This code is Copyright 1999-2001 by Eric Albert (ejalbert\@cs.stanford.edu) and may be
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53 * redistributed or modified in any form without restrictions as long as the portion of this
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54 * comment from this paragraph through the end of the comment is not removed. The author
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55 * requests that he be notified of any application, applet, or other binary that makes use of
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56 * this code, but that's more out of curiosity than anything and is not required. This software
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57 * includes no warranty. The author is not repsonsible for any loss of data or functionality
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58 * or any adverse or unexpected effects of using this software.
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61 * <br>Steven Spencer, JavaWorld magazine (<a href="http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javatips/jw-javatip66.html">Java Tip 66</a>)
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62 * <br>Thanks also to Ron B. Yeh, Eric Shapiro, Ben Engber, Paul Teitlebaum, Andrea Cantatore,
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63 * Larry Barowski, Trevor Bedzek, Frank Miedrich, and Ron Rabakukk
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65 * @author Eric Albert (<a href="mailto:ejalbert@cs.stanford.edu">ejalbert@cs.stanford.edu</a>)
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66 * @version 1.4b1 (Released June 20, 2001)
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68 public class BrowserLauncher
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71 * The Java virtual machine that we are running on. Actually, in most cases we only care
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72 * about the operating system, but some operating systems require us to switch on the VM. */
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73 private static int jvm;
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75 /** The browser for the system */
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76 private static Object browser;
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79 * Caches whether any classes, methods, and fields that are not part of the JDK and need to
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80 * be dynamically loaded at runtime loaded successfully.
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82 * Note that if this is <code>false</code>, <code>openURL()</code> will always return an
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85 private static boolean loadedWithoutErrors;
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87 /** The com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils class */
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88 private static Class mrjFileUtilsClass;
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90 /** The com.apple.mrj.MRJOSType class */
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91 private static Class mrjOSTypeClass;
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93 /** The com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc class */
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94 private static Class aeDescClass;
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96 /** The <init>(int) method of com.apple.MacOS.AETarget */
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97 private static Constructor aeTargetConstructor;
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99 /** The <init>(int, int, int) method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
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100 private static Constructor appleEventConstructor;
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102 /** The <init>(String) method of com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc */
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103 private static Constructor aeDescConstructor;
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105 /** The findFolder method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
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106 private static Method findFolder;
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108 /** The getFileCreator method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
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109 private static Method getFileCreator;
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111 /** The getFileType method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
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112 private static Method getFileType;
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114 /** The openURL method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
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115 private static Method openURL;
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117 /** The makeOSType method of com.apple.MacOS.OSUtils */
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118 private static Method makeOSType;
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120 /** The putParameter method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
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121 private static Method putParameter;
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123 /** The sendNoReply method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
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124 private static Method sendNoReply;
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126 /** Actually an MRJOSType pointing to the System Folder on a Macintosh */
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127 private static Object kSystemFolderType;
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129 /** The keyDirectObject AppleEvent parameter type */
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130 private static Integer keyDirectObject;
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132 /** The kAutoGenerateReturnID AppleEvent code */
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133 private static Integer kAutoGenerateReturnID;
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135 /** The kAnyTransactionID AppleEvent code */
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136 private static Integer kAnyTransactionID;
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138 /** The linkage object required for JDirect 3 on Mac OS X. */
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139 private static Object linkage;
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141 /** The framework to reference on Mac OS X */
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142 private static final String JDirect_MacOSX = "/System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Frameworks/HIToolbox.framework/HIToolbox";
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144 /** JVM constant for MRJ 2.0 */
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145 private static final int MRJ_2_0 = 0;
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147 /** JVM constant for MRJ 2.1 or later */
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148 private static final int MRJ_2_1 = 1;
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150 /** JVM constant for Java on Mac OS X 10.0 (MRJ 3.0) */
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151 private static final int MRJ_3_0 = 3;
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153 /** JVM constant for MRJ 3.1 */
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154 private static final int MRJ_3_1 = 4;
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156 /** JVM constant for any Windows NT JVM */
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157 private static final int WINDOWS_NT = 5;
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159 /** JVM constant for any Windows 9x JVM */
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160 private static final int WINDOWS_9x = 6;
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162 /** JVM constant for any other platform */
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163 private static final int OTHER = -1;
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166 * The file type of the Finder on a Macintosh. Hardcoding "Finder" would keep non-U.S. English
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167 * systems from working properly.
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169 private static final String FINDER_TYPE = "FNDR";
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172 * The creator code of the Finder on a Macintosh, which is needed to send AppleEvents to the
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175 private static final String FINDER_CREATOR = "MACS";
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177 /** The name for the AppleEvent type corresponding to a GetURL event. */
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178 private static final String GURL_EVENT = "GURL";
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181 * The first parameter that needs to be passed into Runtime.exec() to open the default web
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182 * browser on Windows.
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184 private static final String FIRST_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "/c";
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186 /** The second parameter for Runtime.exec() on Windows. */
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187 private static final String SECOND_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "start";
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190 * The third parameter for Runtime.exec() on Windows. This is a "title"
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191 * parameter that the command line expects. Setting this parameter allows
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192 * URLs containing spaces to work.
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194 private static final String THIRD_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "\"\"";
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197 * The shell parameters for Netscape that opens a given URL in an already-open copy of Netscape
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198 * on many command-line systems.
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200 private static final String NETSCAPE_REMOTE_PARAMETER = "-remote";
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201 private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START = "openURL(";
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202 private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_NEW_WINDOW = ", new-window";
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203 private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END = ")";
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206 * The message from any exception thrown throughout the initialization process.
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208 private static String errorMessage;
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211 * An initialization block that determines the operating system and loads the necessary
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216 loadedWithoutErrors = true;
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218 String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
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220 if (osName.startsWith("Mac OS"))
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222 String mrjVersion = System.getProperty("mrj.version");
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223 String majorMRJVersion = mrjVersion.substring(0, 3);
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227 double version = Double.valueOf(majorMRJVersion).doubleValue();
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233 else if ( (version >= 2.1) && (version < 3))
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235 // Assume that all 2.x versions of MRJ work the same. MRJ 2.1 actually
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236 // works via Runtime.exec() and 2.2 supports that but has an openURL() method
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237 // as well that we currently ignore.
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240 else if (version == 3.0)
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244 else if (version >= 3.1)
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246 // Assume that all 3.1 and later versions of MRJ work the same.
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251 loadedWithoutErrors = false;
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252 errorMessage = "Unsupported MRJ version: " + version;
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255 catch (NumberFormatException nfe)
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257 loadedWithoutErrors = false;
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258 errorMessage = "Invalid MRJ version: " + mrjVersion;
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261 else if (osName.startsWith("Windows"))
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263 if (osName.indexOf("9") != -1)
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277 if (loadedWithoutErrors)
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278 { // if we haven't hit any errors yet
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279 loadedWithoutErrors = loadClasses();
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284 * This class should be never be instantiated; this just ensures so.
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286 private BrowserLauncher()
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291 * Called by a static initializer to load any classes, fields, and methods required at runtime
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292 * to locate the user's web browser.
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293 * @return <code>true</code> if all intialization succeeded
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294 * <code>false</code> if any portion of the initialization failed
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296 private static boolean loadClasses()
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304 Class aeTargetClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AETarget");
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305 Class osUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.OSUtils");
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306 Class appleEventClass = Class.forName(
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307 "com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent");
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308 Class aeClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.ae");
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309 aeDescClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc");
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311 aeTargetConstructor = aeTargetClass.getDeclaredConstructor(new Class[]
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315 appleEventConstructor = appleEventClass.getDeclaredConstructor(new
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318 int.class, int.class, aeTargetClass, int.class,
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321 aeDescConstructor = aeDescClass.getDeclaredConstructor(new Class[]
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326 makeOSType = osUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("makeOSType",
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329 putParameter = appleEventClass.getDeclaredMethod("putParameter",
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331 {int.class, aeDescClass});
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332 sendNoReply = appleEventClass.getDeclaredMethod("sendNoReply",
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336 Field keyDirectObjectField = aeClass.getDeclaredField(
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337 "keyDirectObject");
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338 keyDirectObject = (Integer) keyDirectObjectField.get(null);
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340 Field autoGenerateReturnIDField = appleEventClass.getDeclaredField(
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341 "kAutoGenerateReturnID");
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342 kAutoGenerateReturnID = (Integer) autoGenerateReturnIDField.get(null);
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344 Field anyTransactionIDField = appleEventClass.getDeclaredField(
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345 "kAnyTransactionID");
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346 kAnyTransactionID = (Integer) anyTransactionIDField.get(null);
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348 catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe)
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350 errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
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354 catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme)
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356 errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
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360 catch (NoSuchFieldException nsfe)
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362 errorMessage = nsfe.getMessage();
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366 catch (IllegalAccessException iae)
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368 errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
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380 mrjFileUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils");
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381 mrjOSTypeClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJOSType");
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383 Field systemFolderField = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredField(
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384 "kSystemFolderType");
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385 kSystemFolderType = systemFolderField.get(null);
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386 findFolder = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("findFolder",
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389 getFileCreator = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("getFileCreator",
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392 getFileType = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("getFileType",
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396 catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe)
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398 errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
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402 catch (NoSuchFieldException nsfe)
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404 errorMessage = nsfe.getMessage();
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408 catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme)
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410 errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
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414 catch (SecurityException se)
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416 errorMessage = se.getMessage();
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420 catch (IllegalAccessException iae)
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422 errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
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434 Class linker = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.jdirect.Linker");
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435 Constructor constructor = linker.getConstructor(new Class[]
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439 linkage = constructor.newInstance(new Object[]
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441 BrowserLauncher.class
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444 catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe)
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446 errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
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450 catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme)
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452 errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
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456 catch (InvocationTargetException ite)
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458 errorMessage = ite.getMessage();
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462 catch (InstantiationException ie)
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464 errorMessage = ie.getMessage();
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468 catch (IllegalAccessException iae)
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470 errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
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482 mrjFileUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils");
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483 openURL = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("openURL",
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487 catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe)
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489 errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
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493 catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme)
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495 errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
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511 * Attempts to locate the default web browser on the local system. s results so it
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512 * only locates the browser once for each use of this class per JVM instance.
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513 * @return The browser for the system. Note that this may not be what you would consider
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514 * to be a standard web browser; instead, it's the application that gets called to
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515 * open the default web browser. In some cases, this will be a non-String object
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516 * that provides the means of calling the default browser.
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518 private static Object locateBrowser()
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520 if (browser != null)
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531 Integer finderCreatorCode = (Integer) makeOSType.invoke(null,
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534 Object aeTarget = aeTargetConstructor.newInstance(new Object[]
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538 Integer gurlType = (Integer) makeOSType.invoke(null,
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541 Object appleEvent = appleEventConstructor.newInstance(new Object[]
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543 gurlType, gurlType, aeTarget, kAutoGenerateReturnID,
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547 // Don't set browser = appleEvent because then the next time we call
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548 // locateBrowser(), we'll get the same AppleEvent, to which we'll already have
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549 // added the relevant parameter. Instead, regenerate the AppleEvent every time.
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550 // There's probably a way to do this better; if any has any ideas, please let
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554 catch (IllegalAccessException iae)
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557 errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
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561 catch (InstantiationException ie)
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564 errorMessage = ie.getMessage();
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568 catch (InvocationTargetException ite)
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571 errorMessage = ite.getMessage();
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582 systemFolder = (File) findFolder.invoke(null,
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584 {kSystemFolderType});
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586 catch (IllegalArgumentException iare)
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589 errorMessage = iare.getMessage();
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593 catch (IllegalAccessException iae)
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596 errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
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600 catch (InvocationTargetException ite)
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603 errorMessage = ite.getTargetException().getClass() + ": " +
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604 ite.getTargetException().getMessage();
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609 String[] systemFolderFiles = systemFolder.list();
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611 // Avoid a FilenameFilter because that can't be stopped mid-list
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612 for (int i = 0; i < systemFolderFiles.length; i++)
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616 File file = new File(systemFolder, systemFolderFiles[i]);
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618 if (!file.isFile())
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623 // We're looking for a file with a creator code of 'MACS' and
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624 // a type of 'FNDR'. Only requiring the type results in non-Finder
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625 // applications being picked up on certain Mac OS 9 systems,
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626 // especially German ones, and sending a GURL event to those
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627 // applications results in a logout under Multiple Users.
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628 Object fileType = getFileType.invoke(null,
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632 if (FINDER_TYPE.equals(fileType.toString()))
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634 Object fileCreator = getFileCreator.invoke(null,
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638 if (FINDER_CREATOR.equals(fileCreator.toString()))
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640 browser = file.toString(); // Actually the Finder, but that's OK
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646 catch (IllegalArgumentException iare)
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648 errorMessage = iare.getMessage();
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652 catch (IllegalAccessException iae)
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655 errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
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659 catch (InvocationTargetException ite)
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662 errorMessage = ite.getTargetException().getClass() + ": " +
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663 ite.getTargetException().getMessage();
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675 browser = ""; // Return something non-null
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680 browser = "cmd.exe";
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685 browser = "command.com";
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691 browser = jalview.bin.Cache.getDefault("DEFAULT_BROWSER", "firefox");
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700 * used to ensure that browser is up-to-date after a configuration
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701 * change (Unix DEFAULT_BROWSER property change).
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703 public static void resetBrowser()
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709 * Attempts to open the default web browser to the given URL.
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710 * @param url The URL to open
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711 * @throws IOException If the web browser could not be located or does not run
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713 public static void openURL(String url)
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716 if (!loadedWithoutErrors)
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718 throw new IOException("Exception in finding browser: " +
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722 Object browser = locateBrowser();
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724 if (browser == null)
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726 throw new IOException("Unable to locate browser: " + errorMessage);
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733 Object aeDesc = null;
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737 aeDesc = aeDescConstructor.newInstance(new Object[]
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739 putParameter.invoke(browser,
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741 {keyDirectObject, aeDesc});
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742 sendNoReply.invoke(browser, new Object[]
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745 catch (InvocationTargetException ite)
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747 throw new IOException(
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748 "InvocationTargetException while creating AEDesc: " +
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751 catch (IllegalAccessException iae)
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753 throw new IOException(
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754 "IllegalAccessException while building AppleEvent: " +
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757 catch (InstantiationException ie)
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759 throw new IOException(
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760 "InstantiationException while creating AEDesc: " +
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765 aeDesc = null; // Encourage it to get disposed if it was created
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766 browser = null; // Ditto
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772 Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]
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773 { (String) browser, url});
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779 int[] instance = new int[1];
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780 int result = ICStart(instance, 0);
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784 int[] selectionStart = new int[]
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787 byte[] urlBytes = url.getBytes();
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788 int[] selectionEnd = new int[]
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791 result = ICLaunchURL(instance[0], new byte[]
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793 urlBytes.length, selectionStart, selectionEnd);
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797 // Ignore the return value; the URL was launched successfully
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798 // regardless of what happens here.
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803 throw new IOException("Unable to launch URL: " + result);
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808 throw new IOException(
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809 "Unable to create an Internet Config instance: " + result);
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818 openURL.invoke(null, new Object[]
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821 catch (InvocationTargetException ite)
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823 throw new IOException(
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824 "InvocationTargetException while calling openURL: " +
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827 catch (IllegalAccessException iae)
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829 throw new IOException(
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830 "IllegalAccessException while calling openURL: " +
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840 // Add quotes around the URL to allow ampersands and other special
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841 // characters to work.
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842 Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]
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844 (String) browser, FIRST_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
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845 SECOND_WINDOWS_PARAMETER, THIRD_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
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849 // This avoids a memory leak on some versions of Java on Windows.
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850 // That's hinted at in <http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/qow/archive/68/>.
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854 process.exitValue();
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856 catch (InterruptedException ie)
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858 throw new IOException(
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859 "InterruptedException while launching browser: " +
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868 // Assume that we're on Unix and that Netscape (actually Firefox) is installed
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869 // First, attempt to open the URL in a currently running session of Netscape
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870 // JBPNote log debug
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872 /* System.out.println("Executing : "+browser+" "+
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873 NETSCAPE_REMOTE_PARAMETER+" "+
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874 NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START +
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876 NETSCAPE_OPEN_NEW_WINDOW +
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877 NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END);
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879 process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]
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882 NETSCAPE_REMOTE_PARAMETER,
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884 NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START + url +
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885 NETSCAPE_OPEN_NEW_WINDOW +
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886 NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END
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891 int exitCode = process.waitFor();
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894 { // if Netscape was not open
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895 Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]
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896 { (String) browser, url});
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899 catch (InterruptedException ie)
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901 throw new IOException(
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902 "InterruptedException while launching browser: " +
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911 // This should never occur, but if it does, we'll try the simplest thing possible
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912 Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]
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913 { (String) browser, url});
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920 * Methods required for Mac OS X. The presence of native methods does not cause
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921 * any problems on other platforms.
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923 private native static int ICStart(int[] instance, int signature);
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925 private native static int ICStop(int[] instance);
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927 private native static int ICLaunchURL(int instance, byte[] hint,
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928 byte[] data, int len,
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929 int[] selectionStart,
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930 int[] selectionEnd);
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