src/jalview/util/BrowserLauncher.java

   1 /*
   2 * Jalview - A Sequence Alignment Editor and Viewer
   3 * Copyright (C) 2005 AM Waterhouse, J Procter, G Barton, M Clamp, S Searle
   4 *
   5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   7 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   8 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9 *
  10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
  14 *
  15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
  18 */
  19
  20 package jalview.util;
  21
  22 import java.io.File;
  23 import java.io.IOException;
  24 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
  25 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  26 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
  27 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  28
  29 /**
  30  * BrowserLauncher is a class that provides one static method, openURL, which opens the default
  31  * web browser for the current user of the system to the given URL.  It may support other
  32  * protocols depending on the system -- mailto, ftp, etc. -- but that has not been rigorously
  33  * tested and is not guaranteed to work.
  34  * <p>
  35  * Yes, this is platform-specific code, and yes, it may rely on classes on certain platforms
  36  * that are not part of the standard JDK.  What we're trying to do, though, is to take something
  37  * that's frequently desirable but inherently platform-specific -- opening a default browser --
  38  * and allow programmers (you, for example) to do so without worrying about dropping into native
  39  * code or doing anything else similarly evil.
  40  * <p>
  41  * Anyway, this code is completely in Java and will run on all JDK 1.1-compliant systems without
  42  * modification or a need for additional libraries.  All classes that are required on certain
  43  * platforms to allow this to run are dynamically loaded at runtime via reflection and, if not
  44  * found, will not cause this to do anything other than returning an error when opening the
  45  * browser.
  46  * <p>
  47  * There are certain system requirements for this class, as it's running through Runtime.exec(),
  48  * which is Java's way of making a native system call.  Currently, this requires that a Macintosh
  49  * have a Finder which supports the GURL event, which is true for Mac OS 8.0 and 8.1 systems that
  50  * have the Internet Scripting AppleScript dictionary installed in the Scripting Additions folder
  51  * in the Extensions folder (which is installed by default as far as I know under Mac OS 8.0 and
  52  * 8.1), and for all Mac OS 8.5 and later systems.  On Windows, it only runs under Win32 systems
  53  * (Windows 95, 98, and NT 4.0, as well as later versions of all).  On other systems, this drops
  54  * back from the inherently platform-sensitive concept of a default browser and simply attempts
  55  * to launch Netscape via a shell command.
  56  * <p>
  57  * This code is Copyright 1999-2001 by Eric Albert (ejalbert\@cs.stanford.edu) and may be
  58  * redistributed or modified in any form without restrictions as long as the portion of this
  59  * comment from this paragraph through the end of the comment is not removed.  The author
  60  * requests that he be notified of any application, applet, or other binary that makes use of
  61  * this code, but that's more out of curiosity than anything and is not required.  This software
  62  * includes no warranty.  The author is not repsonsible for any loss of data or functionality
  63  * or any adverse or unexpected effects of using this software.
  64  * <p>
  65  * Credits:
  66  * <br>Steven Spencer, JavaWorld magazine (<a href="http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javatips/jw-javatip66.html">Java Tip 66</a>)
  67  * <br>Thanks also to Ron B. Yeh, Eric Shapiro, Ben Engber, Paul Teitlebaum, Andrea Cantatore,
  68  * Larry Barowski, Trevor Bedzek, Frank Miedrich, and Ron Rabakukk
  69  *
  70  * @author Eric Albert (<a href="mailto:ejalbert@cs.stanford.edu">ejalbert@cs.stanford.edu</a>)
  71  * @version 1.4b1 (Released June 20, 2001)
  72  */
  73 public class BrowserLauncher {
  74
  75         /**
  76          * The Java virtual machine that we are running on.  Actually, in most cases we only care
  77          * about the operating system, but some operating systems require us to switch on the VM. */
  78         private static int jvm;
  79
  80         /** The browser for the system */
  81         private static Object browser;
  82
  83         /**
  84          * Caches whether any classes, methods, and fields that are not part of the JDK and need to
  85          * be dynamically loaded at runtime loaded successfully.
  86          * <p>
  87          * Note that if this is <code>false</code>, <code>openURL()</code> will always return an
  88          * IOException.
  89          */
  90         private static boolean loadedWithoutErrors;
  91
  92         /** The com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils class */
  93         private static Class mrjFileUtilsClass;
  94
  95         /** The com.apple.mrj.MRJOSType class */
  96         private static Class mrjOSTypeClass;
  97
  98         /** The com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc class */
  99         private static Class aeDescClass;
 100
 101         /** The &lt;init&gt;(int) method of com.apple.MacOS.AETarget */
 102         private static Constructor aeTargetConstructor;
 103
 104         /** The &lt;init&gt;(int, int, int) method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
 105         private static Constructor appleEventConstructor;
 106
 107         /** The &lt;init&gt;(String) method of com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc */
 108         private static Constructor aeDescConstructor;
 109
 110         /** The findFolder method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
 111         private static Method findFolder;
 112
 113         /** The getFileCreator method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
 114         private static Method getFileCreator;
 115
 116         /** The getFileType method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
 117         private static Method getFileType;
 118
 119         /** The openURL method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
 120         private static Method openURL;
 121
 122         /** The makeOSType method of com.apple.MacOS.OSUtils */
 123         private static Method makeOSType;
 124
 125         /** The putParameter method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
 126         private static Method putParameter;
 127
 128         /** The sendNoReply method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
 129         private static Method sendNoReply;
 130
 131         /** Actually an MRJOSType pointing to the System Folder on a Macintosh */
 132         private static Object kSystemFolderType;
 133
 134         /** The keyDirectObject AppleEvent parameter type */
 135         private static Integer keyDirectObject;
 136
 137         /** The kAutoGenerateReturnID AppleEvent code */
 138         private static Integer kAutoGenerateReturnID;
 139
 140         /** The kAnyTransactionID AppleEvent code */
 141         private static Integer kAnyTransactionID;
 142
 143         /** The linkage object required for JDirect 3 on Mac OS X. */
 144         private static Object linkage;
 145
 146         /** The framework to reference on Mac OS X */
 147         private static final String JDirect_MacOSX = "/System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Frameworks/HIToolbox.framework/HIToolbox";
 148
 149         /** JVM constant for MRJ 2.0 */
 150         private static final int MRJ_2_0 = 0;
 151
 152         /** JVM constant for MRJ 2.1 or later */
 153         private static final int MRJ_2_1 = 1;
 154
 155         /** JVM constant for Java on Mac OS X 10.0 (MRJ 3.0) */
 156         private static final int MRJ_3_0 = 3;
 157
 158         /** JVM constant for MRJ 3.1 */
 159         private static final int MRJ_3_1 = 4;
 160
 161         /** JVM constant for any Windows NT JVM */
 162         private static final int WINDOWS_NT = 5;
 163
 164         /** JVM constant for any Windows 9x JVM */
 165         private static final int WINDOWS_9x = 6;
 166
 167         /** JVM constant for any other platform */
 168         private static final int OTHER = -1;
 169
 170         /**
 171          * The file type of the Finder on a Macintosh.  Hardcoding "Finder" would keep non-U.S. English
 172          * systems from working properly.
 173          */
 174         private static final String FINDER_TYPE = "FNDR";
 175
 176         /**
 177          * The creator code of the Finder on a Macintosh, which is needed to send AppleEvents to the
 178          * application.
 179          */
 180         private static final String FINDER_CREATOR = "MACS";
 181
 182         /** The name for the AppleEvent type corresponding to a GetURL event. */
 183         private static final String GURL_EVENT = "GURL";
 184
 185         /**
 186          * The first parameter that needs to be passed into Runtime.exec() to open the default web
 187          * browser on Windows.
 188          */
 189     private static final String FIRST_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "/c";
 190
 191     /** The second parameter for Runtime.exec() on Windows. */
 192     private static final String SECOND_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "start";
 193
 194     /**
 195      * The third parameter for Runtime.exec() on Windows.  This is a "title"
 196      * parameter that the command line expects.  Setting this parameter allows
 197      * URLs containing spaces to work.
 198      */
 199     private static final String THIRD_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "\"\"";
 200
 201         /**
 202          * The shell parameters for Netscape that opens a given URL in an already-open copy of Netscape
 203          * on many command-line systems.
 204          */
 205         private static final String NETSCAPE_REMOTE_PARAMETER = "-remote";
 206         private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START = "openURL(";
 207         private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_NEW_WINDOW = ", new-window";
 208         private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END = ")";
 209
 210         /**
 211          * The message from any exception thrown throughout the initialization process.
 212          */
 213         private static String errorMessage;
 214
 215         /**
 216          * An initialization block that determines the operating system and loads the necessary
 217          * runtime data.
 218          */
 219         static {
 220                 loadedWithoutErrors = true;
 221                 String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
 222                 if (osName.startsWith("Mac OS")) {
 223                         String mrjVersion = System.getProperty("mrj.version");
 224                         String majorMRJVersion = mrjVersion.substring(0, 3);
 225                         try {
 226                                 double version = Double.valueOf(majorMRJVersion).doubleValue();
 227                                 if (version == 2) {
 228                                         jvm = MRJ_2_0;
 229                                 } else if (version >= 2.1 && version < 3) {
 230                                         // Assume that all 2.x versions of MRJ work the same.  MRJ 2.1 actually
 231                                         // works via Runtime.exec() and 2.2 supports that but has an openURL() method
 232                                         // as well that we currently ignore.
 233                                         jvm = MRJ_2_1;
 234                                 } else if (version == 3.0) {
 235                                         jvm = MRJ_3_0;
 236                                 } else if (version >= 3.1) {
 237                                         // Assume that all 3.1 and later versions of MRJ work the same.
 238                                         jvm = MRJ_3_1;
 239                                 } else {
 240                                         loadedWithoutErrors = false;
 241                                         errorMessage = "Unsupported MRJ version: " + version;
 242                                 }
 243                         } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
 244                                 loadedWithoutErrors = false;
 245                                 errorMessage = "Invalid MRJ version: " + mrjVersion;
 246                         }
 247                 } else if (osName.startsWith("Windows")) {
 248                         if (osName.indexOf("9") != -1) {
 249                                 jvm = WINDOWS_9x;
 250                         } else {
 251                                 jvm = WINDOWS_NT;
 252                         }
 253                 } else {
 254                         jvm = OTHER;
 255                 }
 256
 257                 if (loadedWithoutErrors) {      // if we haven't hit any errors yet
 258                         loadedWithoutErrors = loadClasses();
 259                 }
 260         }
 261
 262         /**
 263          * This class should be never be instantiated; this just ensures so.
 264          */
 265         private BrowserLauncher() { }
 266
 267         /**
 268          * Called by a static initializer to load any classes, fields, and methods required at runtime
 269          * to locate the user's web browser.
 270          * @return <code>true</code> if all intialization succeeded
 271          *                      <code>false</code> if any portion of the initialization failed
 272          */
 273         private static boolean loadClasses() {
 274                 switch (jvm) {
 275                         case MRJ_2_0:
 276                                 try {
 277                                         Class aeTargetClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AETarget");
 278                                         Class osUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.OSUtils");
 279                                         Class appleEventClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent");
 280                                         Class aeClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.ae");
 281                                         aeDescClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc");
 282
 283                                         aeTargetConstructor = aeTargetClass.getDeclaredConstructor(new Class [] { int.class });
 284                                         appleEventConstructor = appleEventClass.getDeclaredConstructor(new Class[] { int.class, int.class, aeTargetClass, int.class, int.class });
 285                                         aeDescConstructor = aeDescClass.getDeclaredConstructor(new Class[] { String.class });
 286
 287                                         makeOSType = osUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("makeOSType", new Class [] { String.class });
 288                                         putParameter = appleEventClass.getDeclaredMethod("putParameter", new Class[] { int.class, aeDescClass });
 289                                         sendNoReply = appleEventClass.getDeclaredMethod("sendNoReply", new Class[] { });
 290
 291                                         Field keyDirectObjectField = aeClass.getDeclaredField("keyDirectObject");
 292                                         keyDirectObject = (Integer) keyDirectObjectField.get(null);
 293                                         Field autoGenerateReturnIDField = appleEventClass.getDeclaredField("kAutoGenerateReturnID");
 294                                         kAutoGenerateReturnID = (Integer) autoGenerateReturnIDField.get(null);
 295                                         Field anyTransactionIDField = appleEventClass.getDeclaredField("kAnyTransactionID");
 296                                         kAnyTransactionID = (Integer) anyTransactionIDField.get(null);
 297                                 } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
 298                                         errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
 299                                         return false;
 300                                 } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
 301                                         errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
 302                                         return false;
 303                                 } catch (NoSuchFieldException nsfe) {
 304                                         errorMessage = nsfe.getMessage();
 305                                         return false;
 306                                 } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
 307                                         errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
 308                                         return false;
 309                                 }
 310                                 break;
 311                         case MRJ_2_1:
 312                                 try {
 313                                         mrjFileUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils");
 314                                         mrjOSTypeClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJOSType");
 315                                         Field systemFolderField = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredField("kSystemFolderType");
 316                                         kSystemFolderType = systemFolderField.get(null);
 317                                         findFolder = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("findFolder", new Class[] { mrjOSTypeClass });
 318                                         getFileCreator = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("getFileCreator", new Class[] { File.class });
 319                                         getFileType = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("getFileType", new Class[] { File.class });
 320                                 } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
 321                                         errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
 322                                         return false;
 323                                 } catch (NoSuchFieldException nsfe) {
 324                                         errorMessage = nsfe.getMessage();
 325                                         return false;
 326                                 } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
 327                                         errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
 328                                         return false;
 329                                 } catch (SecurityException se) {
 330                                         errorMessage = se.getMessage();
 331                                         return false;
 332                                 } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
 333                                         errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
 334                                         return false;
 335                                 }
 336                                 break;
 337                         case MRJ_3_0:
 338                             try {
 339                                         Class linker = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.jdirect.Linker");
 340                                         Constructor constructor = linker.getConstructor(new Class[]{ Class.class });
 341                                         linkage = constructor.newInstance(new Object[] { BrowserLauncher.class });
 342                                 } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
 343                                         errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
 344                                         return false;
 345                                 } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
 346                                         errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
 347                                         return false;
 348                                 } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
 349                                         errorMessage = ite.getMessage();
 350                                         return false;
 351                                 } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
 352                                         errorMessage = ie.getMessage();
 353                                         return false;
 354                                 } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
 355                                         errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
 356                                         return false;
 357                                 }
 358                                 break;
 359                         case MRJ_3_1:
 360                                 try {
 361                                         mrjFileUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils");
 362                                         openURL = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod("openURL", new Class[] { String.class });
 363                                 } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
 364                                         errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
 365                                         return false;
 366                                 } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
 367                                         errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
 368                                         return false;
 369                                 }
 370                                 break;
 371                         default:
 372                             break;
 373                 }
 374                 return true;
 375         }
 376
 377         /**
 378          * Attempts to locate the default web browser on the local system.  Caches results so it
 379          * only locates the browser once for each use of this class per JVM instance.
 380          * @return The browser for the system.  Note that this may not be what you would consider
 381          *                      to be a standard web browser; instead, it's the application that gets called to
 382          *                      open the default web browser.  In some cases, this will be a non-String object
 383          *                      that provides the means of calling the default browser.
 384          */
 385         private static Object locateBrowser() {
 386                 if (browser != null) {
 387                         return browser;
 388                 }
 389                 switch (jvm) {
 390                         case MRJ_2_0:
 391                                 try {
 392                                         Integer finderCreatorCode = (Integer) makeOSType.invoke(null, new Object[] { FINDER_CREATOR });
 393                                         Object aeTarget = aeTargetConstructor.newInstance(new Object[] { finderCreatorCode });
 394                                         Integer gurlType = (Integer) makeOSType.invoke(null, new Object[] { GURL_EVENT });
 395                                         Object appleEvent = appleEventConstructor.newInstance(new Object[] { gurlType, gurlType, aeTarget, kAutoGenerateReturnID, kAnyTransactionID });
 396                                         // Don't set browser = appleEvent because then the next time we call
 397                                         // locateBrowser(), we'll get the same AppleEvent, to which we'll already have
 398                                         // added the relevant parameter. Instead, regenerate the AppleEvent every time.
 399                                         // There's probably a way to do this better; if any has any ideas, please let
 400                                         // me know.
 401                                         return appleEvent;
 402                                 } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
 403                                         browser = null;
 404                                         errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
 405                                         return browser;
 406                                 } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
 407                                         browser = null;
 408                                         errorMessage = ie.getMessage();
 409                                         return browser;
 410                                 } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
 411                                         browser = null;
 412                                         errorMessage = ite.getMessage();
 413                                         return browser;
 414                                 }
 415                         case MRJ_2_1:
 416                                 File systemFolder;
 417                                 try {
 418                                         systemFolder = (File) findFolder.invoke(null, new Object[] { kSystemFolderType });
 419                                 } catch (IllegalArgumentException iare) {
 420                                         browser = null;
 421                                         errorMessage = iare.getMessage();
 422                                         return browser;
 423                                 } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
 424                                         browser = null;
 425                                         errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
 426                                         return browser;
 427                                 } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
 428                                         browser = null;
 429                                         errorMessage = ite.getTargetException().getClass() + ": " + ite.getTargetException().getMessage();
 430                                         return browser;
 431                                 }
 432                                 String[] systemFolderFiles = systemFolder.list();
 433                                 // Avoid a FilenameFilter because that can't be stopped mid-list
 434                                 for(int i = 0; i < systemFolderFiles.length; i++) {
 435                                         try {
 436                                                 File file = new File(systemFolder, systemFolderFiles[i]);
 437                                                 if (!file.isFile()) {
 438                                                         continue;
 439                                                 }
 440                                                 // We're looking for a file with a creator code of 'MACS' and
 441                                                 // a type of 'FNDR'.  Only requiring the type results in non-Finder
 442                                                 // applications being picked up on certain Mac OS 9 systems,
 443                                                 // especially German ones, and sending a GURL event to those
 444                                                 // applications results in a logout under Multiple Users.
 445                                                 Object fileType = getFileType.invoke(null, new Object[] { file });
 446                                                 if (FINDER_TYPE.equals(fileType.toString())) {
 447                                                         Object fileCreator = getFileCreator.invoke(null, new Object[] { file });
 448                                                         if (FINDER_CREATOR.equals(fileCreator.toString())) {
 449                                                                 browser = file.toString();      // Actually the Finder, but that's OK
 450                                                                 return browser;
 451                                                         }
 452                                                 }
 453                                         } catch (IllegalArgumentException iare) {
 454                                                 browser = browser;
 455                                                 errorMessage = iare.getMessage();
 456                                                 return null;
 457                                         } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
 458                                                 browser = null;
 459                                                 errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
 460                                                 return browser;
 461                                         } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
 462                                                 browser = null;
 463                                                 errorMessage = ite.getTargetException().getClass() + ": " + ite.getTargetException().getMessage();
 464                                                 return browser;
 465                                         }
 466                                 }
 467                                 browser = null;
 468                                 break;
 469                         case MRJ_3_0:
 470                         case MRJ_3_1:
 471                                 browser = "";   // Return something non-null
 472                                 break;
 473                         case WINDOWS_NT:
 474                                 browser = "cmd.exe";
 475                                 break;
 476                         case WINDOWS_9x:
 477                                 browser = "command.com";
 478                                 break;
 479                         case OTHER:
 480                         default:
 481                                 browser = jalview.bin.Cache.applicationProperties.getProperty("jalview.browser");
 482                                 if (browser==null) {
 483                                   // hope firefox exists :-/
 484                                   browser = "firefox";
 485                                 }
 486                                 break;
 487                 }
 488                 return browser;
 489         }
 490
 491         /**
 492          * Attempts to open the default web browser to the given URL.
 493          * @param url The URL to open
 494          * @throws IOException If the web browser could not be located or does not run
 495          */
 496         public static void openURL(String url) throws IOException {
 497                 if (!loadedWithoutErrors) {
 498                         throw new IOException("Exception in finding browser: " + errorMessage);
 499                 }
 500                 Object browser = locateBrowser();
 501                 if (browser == null) {
 502                         throw new IOException("Unable to locate browser: " + errorMessage);
 503                 }
 504
 505                 switch (jvm) {
 506                         case MRJ_2_0:
 507                                 Object aeDesc = null;
 508                                 try {
 509                                         aeDesc = aeDescConstructor.newInstance(new Object[] { url });
 510                                         putParameter.invoke(browser, new Object[] { keyDirectObject, aeDesc });
 511                                         sendNoReply.invoke(browser, new Object[] { });
 512                                 } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
 513                                         throw new IOException("InvocationTargetException while creating AEDesc: " + ite.getMessage());
 514                                 } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
 515                                         throw new IOException("IllegalAccessException while building AppleEvent: " + iae.getMessage());
 516                                 } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
 517                                         throw new IOException("InstantiationException while creating AEDesc: " + ie.getMessage());
 518                                 } finally {
 519                                         aeDesc = null;  // Encourage it to get disposed if it was created
 520                                         browser = null; // Ditto
 521                                 }
 522                                 break;
 523                         case MRJ_2_1:
 524                                 Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { (String) browser, url } );
 525                                 break;
 526                         case MRJ_3_0:
 527                                 int[] instance = new int[1];
 528                                 int result = ICStart(instance, 0);
 529                                 if (result == 0) {
 530                                         int[] selectionStart = new int[] { 0 };
 531                                         byte[] urlBytes = url.getBytes();
 532                                         int[] selectionEnd = new int[] { urlBytes.length };
 533                                         result = ICLaunchURL(instance[0], new byte[] { 0 }, urlBytes,
 534                                                                                         urlBytes.length, selectionStart,
 535                                                                                         selectionEnd);
 536                                         if (result == 0) {
 537                                                 // Ignore the return value; the URL was launched successfully
 538                                                 // regardless of what happens here.
 539                                                 ICStop(instance);
 540                                         } else {
 541                                                 throw new IOException("Unable to launch URL: " + result);
 542                                         }
 543                                 } else {
 544                                         throw new IOException("Unable to create an Internet Config instance: " + result);
 545                                 }
 546                                 break;
 547                         case MRJ_3_1:
 548                                 try {
 549                                         openURL.invoke(null, new Object[] { url });
 550                                 } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
 551                                         throw new IOException("InvocationTargetException while calling openURL: " + ite.getMessage());
 552                                 } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
 553                                         throw new IOException("IllegalAccessException while calling openURL: " + iae.getMessage());
 554                                 }
 555                                 break;
 556                     case WINDOWS_NT:
 557                     case WINDOWS_9x:
 558                             // Add quotes around the URL to allow ampersands and other special
 559                             // characters to work.
 560                                 Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { (String) browser,
 561                                                                                                                                 FIRST_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
 562                                                                                                                                 SECOND_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
 563                                                                                                                                 THIRD_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
 564                                                                                                                                 '"' + url + '"' });
 565                                 // This avoids a memory leak on some versions of Java on Windows.
 566                                 // That's hinted at in <http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/qow/archive/68/>.
 567                                 try {
 568                                         process.waitFor();
 569                                         process.exitValue();
 570                                 } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
 571                                         throw new IOException("InterruptedException while launching browser: " + ie.getMessage());
 572                                 }
 573                                 break;
 574                         case OTHER:
 575                                 // Assume that we're on Unix and that Netscape (actually Firefox) is installed
 576
 577                                 // First, attempt to open the URL in a currently running session of Netscape
 578
 579                         // JBPNote log debug
 580     /* System.out.println("Executing : "+browser+" "+
 581                                                                                                         NETSCAPE_REMOTE_PARAMETER+" "+
 582                                                                                                         NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START +
 583                                                                                                         url +
 584                                                                                                         NETSCAPE_OPEN_NEW_WINDOW +
 585                                                                                                         NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END);
 586      */
 587                             process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { (String) browser,
 588                                                                                                         NETSCAPE_REMOTE_PARAMETER,
 589                                                                                                         NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START +
 590                                                                                                         url +
 591                                                                                                         NETSCAPE_OPEN_NEW_WINDOW +
 592                                                                                                         NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END });
 593                                 try {
 594                                         int exitCode = process.waitFor();
 595                                         if (exitCode != 0) {    // if Netscape was not open
 596        // JBPNote log debug
 597        //       System.out.println("Executing : "+browser+" "+url+"\n");
 598        Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { (String) browser, url });
 599                                         }
 600                                 } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
 601                                         throw new IOException("InterruptedException while launching browser: " + ie.getMessage());
 602                                 }
 603                                 break;
 604                         default:
 605                                 // This should never occur, but if it does, we'll try the simplest thing possible
 606                                 Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { (String) browser, url });
 607                                 break;
 608                 }
 609         }
 610
 611         /**
 612          * Methods required for Mac OS X.  The presence of native methods does not cause
 613          * any problems on other platforms.
 614          */
 615         private native static int ICStart(int[] instance, int signature);
 616         private native static int ICStop(int[] instance);
 617         private native static int ICLaunchURL(int instance, byte[] hint, byte[] data, int len,
 618                                                                                         int[] selectionStart, int[] selectionEnd);
 619 }