inprogress
[jalview.git] / forester / java / src / org / forester / rio / RIO.java
index 8e1e5bb..0de8e9a 100644 (file)
 // Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
 //
 // Contact: phylosoft @ gmail . com
-// WWW: www.phylosoft.org/forester
+// WWW: https://sites.google.com/site/cmzmasek/home/software/forester
 
 package org.forester.rio;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.SortedSet;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
 
 import org.forester.datastructures.IntMatrix;
+import org.forester.io.parsers.IteratingPhylogenyParser;
 import org.forester.io.parsers.PhylogenyParser;
+import org.forester.io.parsers.nexus.NexusPhylogeniesParser;
 import org.forester.io.parsers.nhx.NHXParser;
+import org.forester.io.parsers.nhx.NHXParser.TAXONOMY_EXTRACTION;
 import org.forester.io.parsers.util.ParserUtils;
 import org.forester.phylogeny.Phylogeny;
 import org.forester.phylogeny.PhylogenyMethods;
 import org.forester.phylogeny.PhylogenyNode;
+import org.forester.phylogeny.data.Taxonomy;
 import org.forester.phylogeny.factories.ParserBasedPhylogenyFactory;
 import org.forester.phylogeny.factories.PhylogenyFactory;
 import org.forester.sdi.GSDI;
 import org.forester.sdi.GSDIR;
 import org.forester.sdi.SDIException;
 import org.forester.sdi.SDIR;
+import org.forester.sdi.SDIutil;
 import org.forester.sdi.SDIutil.ALGORITHM;
 import org.forester.sdi.SDIutil.TaxonomyComparisonBase;
 import org.forester.util.BasicDescriptiveStatistics;
@@ -57,47 +65,96 @@ import org.forester.util.ForesterUtil;
 
 public final class RIO {
 
-    public enum REROOTING {
-        NONE, BY_ALGORITHM, MIDPOINT, OUTGROUP;
+    public static final int                  DEFAULT_RANGE = -1;
+    private static final int                 END_OF_GT     = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+    private static IntMatrix                 _m;
+    private Phylogeny[]                      _analyzed_gene_trees;
+    private List<PhylogenyNode>              _removed_gene_tree_nodes;
+    private int                              _ext_nodes;
+    private int                              _int_nodes;
+    private TaxonomyComparisonBase           _gsdir_tax_comp_base;
+    private final StringBuilder              _log;
+    private final BasicDescriptiveStatistics _duplications_stats;
+    private final boolean                    _produce_log;
+    private final boolean                    _verbose;
+    private final REROOTING                  _rerooting;
+    private final Phylogeny                  _species_tree;
+    private Phylogeny                        _min_dub_gene_tree;
+
+    private RIO( final IteratingPhylogenyParser p,
+                 final Phylogeny species_tree,
+                 final ALGORITHM algorithm,
+                 final REROOTING rerooting,
+                 final String outgroup,
+                 int first,
+                 int last,
+                 final boolean produce_log,
+                 final boolean verbose,
+                 final boolean transfer_taxonomy ) throws IOException, SDIException, RIOException {
+        if ( ( last == DEFAULT_RANGE ) && ( first >= 0 ) ) {
+            last = END_OF_GT;
+        }
+        else if ( ( first == DEFAULT_RANGE ) && ( last >= 0 ) ) {
+            first = 0;
+        }
+        removeSingleDescendentsNodes( species_tree, verbose );
+        p.reset();
+        checkPreconditions( p, species_tree, rerooting, outgroup, first, last );
+        _produce_log = produce_log;
+        _verbose = verbose;
+        _rerooting = rerooting;
+        _ext_nodes = -1;
+        _int_nodes = -1;
+        _log = new StringBuilder();
+        _gsdir_tax_comp_base = null;
+        _analyzed_gene_trees = null;
+        _removed_gene_tree_nodes = null;
+        _duplications_stats = new BasicDescriptiveStatistics();
+        p.reset();
+        inferOrthologs( p, species_tree, algorithm, outgroup, first, last, transfer_taxonomy );
+        _species_tree = species_tree;
     }
-    private Phylogeny[]                _analyzed_gene_trees;
-    private List<PhylogenyNode>        _removed_gene_tree_nodes;
-    private int                        _ext_nodes;
-    private TaxonomyComparisonBase     _gsdir_tax_comp_base;
-    private StringBuilder              _log;
-    private BasicDescriptiveStatistics _duplications_stats;
-    private boolean                    _produce_log;
-    private boolean                    _verbose;
-    private REROOTING                  _rerooting;
-
-    public RIO( final File gene_trees_file,
-                final Phylogeny species_tree,
-                final ALGORITHM algorithm,
-                final REROOTING rerooting,
-                final String outgroup,
-                final boolean produce_log,
-                final boolean verbose ) throws IOException, SDIException, RIOException {
-        checkReRooting( rerooting, outgroup );
-        init( produce_log, verbose, rerooting );
-        inferOrthologs( gene_trees_file, species_tree, algorithm, outgroup );
-    }
-
-    public RIO( final Phylogeny[] gene_trees,
-                final Phylogeny species_tree,
-                final ALGORITHM algorithm,
-                final REROOTING rerooting,
-                final String outgroup,
-                final boolean produce_log,
-                final boolean verbose ) throws IOException, SDIException, RIOException {
-        checkReRooting( rerooting, outgroup );
-        init( produce_log, verbose, rerooting );
-        inferOrthologs( gene_trees, species_tree, algorithm, outgroup );
+
+    private RIO( final Phylogeny[] gene_trees,
+                 final Phylogeny species_tree,
+                 final ALGORITHM algorithm,
+                 final REROOTING rerooting,
+                 final String outgroup,
+                 int first,
+                 int last,
+                 final boolean produce_log,
+                 final boolean verbose,
+                 final boolean transfer_taxonomy ) throws IOException, SDIException, RIOException {
+        if ( ( last == DEFAULT_RANGE ) && ( first >= 0 ) ) {
+            last = gene_trees.length - 1;
+        }
+        else if ( ( first == DEFAULT_RANGE ) && ( last >= 0 ) ) {
+            first = 0;
+        }
+        removeSingleDescendentsNodes( species_tree, verbose );
+        checkPreconditions( gene_trees, species_tree, rerooting, outgroup, first, last );
+        _produce_log = produce_log;
+        _verbose = verbose;
+        _rerooting = rerooting;
+        _ext_nodes = -1;
+        _int_nodes = -1;
+        _log = new StringBuilder();
+        _gsdir_tax_comp_base = null;
+        _analyzed_gene_trees = null;
+        _removed_gene_tree_nodes = null;
+        _duplications_stats = new BasicDescriptiveStatistics();
+        inferOrthologs( gene_trees, species_tree, algorithm, outgroup, first, last, transfer_taxonomy );
+        _species_tree = species_tree;
     }
 
     public final Phylogeny[] getAnalyzedGeneTrees() {
         return _analyzed_gene_trees;
     }
 
+    public final BasicDescriptiveStatistics getDuplicationsStatistics() {
+        return _duplications_stats;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns the numbers of number of ext nodes in gene trees analyzed (after
      * stripping).
@@ -112,35 +169,125 @@ public final class RIO {
         return _gsdir_tax_comp_base;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the numbers of number of int nodes in gene trees analyzed (after
+     * stripping).
+     * 
+     * @return number of int nodes in gene trees analyzed (after stripping)
+     */
+    public final int getIntNodesOfAnalyzedGeneTrees() {
+        return _int_nodes;
+    }
+
     public final StringBuilder getLog() {
         return _log;
     }
 
+    final public Phylogeny getMinDuplicationsGeneTree() {
+        return _min_dub_gene_tree;
+    }
+
+    public final IntMatrix getOrthologTable() {
+        return _m;
+    }
+
     public final List<PhylogenyNode> getRemovedGeneTreeNodes() {
         return _removed_gene_tree_nodes;
     }
 
-    private final void inferOrthologs( final File gene_trees_file,
+    public final Phylogeny getSpeciesTree() {
+        return _species_tree;
+    }
+
+    private final void inferOrthologs( final IteratingPhylogenyParser parser,
                                        final Phylogeny species_tree,
                                        final ALGORITHM algorithm,
-                                       final String outgroup ) throws SDIException, RIOException,
+                                       final String outgroup,
+                                       int first,
+                                       final int last,
+                                       final boolean transfer_taxonomy ) throws SDIException, RIOException,
             FileNotFoundException, IOException {
-        final PhylogenyFactory factory = ParserBasedPhylogenyFactory.getInstance();
-        final PhylogenyParser p = ParserUtils.createParserDependingOnFileType( gene_trees_file, true );
-        if ( p instanceof NHXParser ) {
-            final NHXParser nhx = ( NHXParser ) p;
-            nhx.setReplaceUnderscores( false );
-            nhx.setIgnoreQuotes( true );
-            nhx.setTaxonomyExtraction( NHXParser.TAXONOMY_EXTRACTION.YES );
+        if ( !parser.hasNext() ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "no gene trees to analyze" );
+        }
+        if ( log() ) {
+            preLog( -1, species_tree, algorithm, outgroup );
+        }
+        if ( _verbose ) {
+            System.out.println();
+        }
+        final DecimalFormat pf = new java.text.DecimalFormat( "000" );
+        int gene_tree_ext_nodes = 0;
+        int i = 0;
+        int counter = 0;
+        final boolean no_range = ( first < 0 ) || ( last < first );
+        while ( parser.hasNext() ) {
+            final Phylogeny gt = parser.next();
+            if ( no_range || ( ( i >= first ) && ( i <= last ) ) ) {
+                if ( gt.isEmpty() ) {
+                    throw new RIOException( "gene tree #" + i + " is empty" );
+                }
+                if ( gt.getNumberOfExternalNodes() == 1 ) {
+                    throw new RIOException( "gene tree #" + i + " has only one external node" );
+                }
+                if ( _verbose ) {
+                    ForesterUtil.updateProgress( i, pf );
+                }
+                if ( counter == 0 ) {
+                    if ( algorithm == ALGORITHM.SDIR ) {
+                        // Removes from species_tree all species not found in gene_tree.
+                        PhylogenyMethods.taxonomyBasedDeletionOfExternalNodes( gt, species_tree );
+                        if ( species_tree.isEmpty() ) {
+                            throw new RIOException( "failed to establish species based mapping between gene and species trees" );
+                        }
+                    }
+                    gene_tree_ext_nodes = gt.getNumberOfExternalNodes();
+                }
+                else if ( gene_tree_ext_nodes != gt.getNumberOfExternalNodes() ) {
+                    throw new RIOException( "gene tree #" + i + " has a different number of external nodes ("
+                            + gt.getNumberOfExternalNodes() + ") than the preceding gene tree(s) ("
+                            + gene_tree_ext_nodes + ")" );
+                }
+                if ( algorithm == ALGORITHM.SDIR ) {
+                    // Removes from gene_tree all species not found in species_tree.
+                    PhylogenyMethods.taxonomyBasedDeletionOfExternalNodes( species_tree, gt );
+                    if ( gt.isEmpty() ) {
+                        throw new RIOException( "failed to establish species based mapping between gene and species trees" );
+                    }
+                }
+                final Phylogeny analyzed_gt = performOrthologInference( gt,
+                                                                        species_tree,
+                                                                        algorithm,
+                                                                        outgroup,
+                                                                        counter,
+                                                                        transfer_taxonomy );
+                RIO.calculateOrthologTable( analyzed_gt, true, counter );
+                ++counter;
+            }
+            ++i;
+        }
+        if ( ( first >= 0 ) && ( counter == 0 ) && ( i > 0 ) ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "attempt to analyze first gene tree #" + first + " in a set of " + i );
+        }
+        if ( no_range ) {
+            first = 0;
+        }
+        if ( log() ) {
+            postLog( species_tree, first, first + counter - 1 );
+        }
+        if ( _verbose ) {
+            System.out.println();
+            System.out.println();
         }
-        final Phylogeny[] gene_trees = factory.create( gene_trees_file, p );
-        inferOrthologs( gene_trees, species_tree, algorithm, outgroup );
     }
 
     private final void inferOrthologs( final Phylogeny[] gene_trees,
                                        final Phylogeny species_tree,
                                        final ALGORITHM algorithm,
-                                       final String outgroup ) throws SDIException, RIOException,
+                                       final String outgroup,
+                                       final int first,
+                                       final int last,
+                                       final boolean transfer_taxonomy ) throws SDIException, RIOException,
             FileNotFoundException, IOException {
         if ( algorithm == ALGORITHM.SDIR ) {
             // Removes from species_tree all species not found in gene_tree.
@@ -149,28 +296,42 @@ public final class RIO {
                 throw new RIOException( "failed to establish species based mapping between gene and species trees" );
             }
         }
-        if ( _produce_log ) {
-            _log = new StringBuilder();
-            if ( _rerooting == REROOTING.BY_ALGORITHM ) {
-                writeLogSubHeader();
+        final Phylogeny[] my_gene_trees;
+        if ( ( first >= 0 ) && ( last >= first ) && ( last < gene_trees.length ) ) {
+            my_gene_trees = new Phylogeny[ ( 1 + last ) - first ];
+            int c = 0;
+            for( int i = first; i <= last; ++i ) {
+                my_gene_trees[ c++ ] = gene_trees[ i ];
             }
         }
-        _analyzed_gene_trees = new Phylogeny[ gene_trees.length ];
-        int gene_tree_ext_nodes = 0;
-        if ( _verbose ) {
+        else {
+            my_gene_trees = gene_trees;
+        }
+        if ( log() ) {
+            preLog( gene_trees.length, species_tree, algorithm, outgroup );
+        }
+        if ( _verbose && ( my_gene_trees.length >= 4 ) ) {
             System.out.println();
         }
-        for( int i = 0; i < gene_trees.length; ++i ) {
-            final Phylogeny gt = gene_trees[ i ];
-            if ( _verbose ) {
-                ForesterUtil.updateProgress( ( double ) i / gene_trees.length );
+        _analyzed_gene_trees = new Phylogeny[ my_gene_trees.length ];
+        int gene_tree_ext_nodes = 0;
+        for( int i = 0; i < my_gene_trees.length; ++i ) {
+            final Phylogeny gt = my_gene_trees[ i ];
+            if ( gt.isEmpty() ) {
+                throw new RIOException( "gene tree #" + i + " is empty" );
+            }
+            if ( gt.getNumberOfExternalNodes() == 1 ) {
+                throw new RIOException( "gene tree #" + i + " has only one external node" );
+            }
+            if ( _verbose && ( my_gene_trees.length > 4 ) ) {
+                ForesterUtil.updateProgress( ( ( double ) i ) / my_gene_trees.length );
             }
             if ( i == 0 ) {
                 gene_tree_ext_nodes = gt.getNumberOfExternalNodes();
             }
             else if ( gene_tree_ext_nodes != gt.getNumberOfExternalNodes() ) {
-                throw new RIOException( "gene tree #" + ( i + 1 ) + " has a different number of external nodes ("
-                        + gt.getNumberOfExternalNodes() + ") than the preceding gene trees (" + gene_tree_ext_nodes
+                throw new RIOException( "gene tree #" + i + " has a different number of external nodes ("
+                        + gt.getNumberOfExternalNodes() + ") than the preceding gene tree(s) (" + gene_tree_ext_nodes
                         + ")" );
             }
             if ( algorithm == ALGORITHM.SDIR ) {
@@ -180,31 +341,64 @@ public final class RIO {
                     throw new RIOException( "failed to establish species based mapping between gene and species trees" );
                 }
             }
-            _analyzed_gene_trees[ i ] = performOrthologInference( gt, species_tree, algorithm, outgroup, i );
+            _analyzed_gene_trees[ i ] = performOrthologInference( gt,
+                                                                  species_tree,
+                                                                  algorithm,
+                                                                  outgroup,
+                                                                  i,
+                                                                  transfer_taxonomy );
         }
-        if ( _verbose ) {
+        if ( log() ) {
+            postLog( species_tree, first, last );
+        }
+        if ( _verbose && ( my_gene_trees.length > 4 ) ) {
             System.out.println();
             System.out.println();
         }
     }
 
-    private final void init( final boolean produce_log, final boolean verbose, final REROOTING rerooting ) {
-        _produce_log = produce_log;
-        _verbose = verbose;
-        _rerooting = rerooting;
-        _ext_nodes = -1;
-        _log = null;
-        _gsdir_tax_comp_base = null;
-        _analyzed_gene_trees = null;
-        _removed_gene_tree_nodes = null;
-        _duplications_stats = new BasicDescriptiveStatistics();
+    private final boolean log() {
+        return _produce_log;
+    }
+
+    private final void log( final String s ) {
+        _log.append( s );
+        _log.append( ForesterUtil.LINE_SEPARATOR );
+    }
+
+    private final void logRemovedGeneTreeNodes() {
+        log( "Species stripped from gene trees:" );
+        final SortedSet<String> rn = new TreeSet<String>();
+        for( final PhylogenyNode n : getRemovedGeneTreeNodes() ) {
+            final Taxonomy t = n.getNodeData().getTaxonomy();
+            switch ( getGSDIRtaxCompBase() ) {
+                case CODE: {
+                    rn.add( t.getTaxonomyCode() );
+                    break;
+                }
+                case ID: {
+                    rn.add( t.getIdentifier().toString() );
+                    break;
+                }
+                case SCIENTIFIC_NAME: {
+                    rn.add( t.getScientificName() );
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for( final String s : rn ) {
+            log( s );
+        }
+        log( "" );
     }
 
     private final Phylogeny performOrthologInference( final Phylogeny gene_tree,
                                                       final Phylogeny species_tree,
                                                       final ALGORITHM algorithm,
                                                       final String outgroup,
-                                                      final int i ) throws SDIException, RIOException {
+                                                      final int i,
+                                                      final boolean transfer_taxonomy ) throws SDIException,
+            RIOException {
         final Phylogeny assigned_tree;
         switch ( algorithm ) {
             case SDIR: {
@@ -212,7 +406,7 @@ public final class RIO {
                 break;
             }
             case GSDIR: {
-                assigned_tree = performOrthologInferenceByGSDI( gene_tree, species_tree, outgroup, i );
+                assigned_tree = performOrthologInferenceByGSDI( gene_tree, species_tree, outgroup, i, transfer_taxonomy );
                 break;
             }
             default: {
@@ -221,11 +415,12 @@ public final class RIO {
         }
         if ( i == 0 ) {
             _ext_nodes = assigned_tree.getNumberOfExternalNodes();
+            _int_nodes = assigned_tree.getNumberOfInternalNodes();
         }
         else if ( _ext_nodes != assigned_tree.getNumberOfExternalNodes() ) {
-            throw new RIOException( "after stripping gene tree #" + ( i + 1 )
-                    + " has a different number of external nodes (" + assigned_tree.getNumberOfExternalNodes()
-                    + ") than the preceding gene trees (" + _ext_nodes + ")" );
+            throw new RIOException( "after stripping gene tree #" + i + " has a different number of external nodes ("
+                    + assigned_tree.getNumberOfExternalNodes() + ") than the preceding gene tree(s) (" + _ext_nodes
+                    + ")" );
         }
         return assigned_tree;
     }
@@ -233,58 +428,54 @@ public final class RIO {
     private final Phylogeny performOrthologInferenceByGSDI( final Phylogeny gene_tree,
                                                             final Phylogeny species_tree,
                                                             final String outgroup,
-                                                            final int i ) throws SDIException, RIOException {
+                                                            final int i,
+                                                            final boolean transfer_taxonomy ) throws SDIException,
+            RIOException {
         final Phylogeny assigned_tree;
+        final int dups;
         if ( _rerooting == REROOTING.BY_ALGORITHM ) {
-            final GSDIR gsdir = new GSDIR( gene_tree, species_tree, true, i == 0 );
-            final List<Phylogeny> assigned_trees = gsdir.getMinDuplicationsSumGeneTrees();
+            final GSDIR gsdir = new GSDIR( gene_tree, species_tree, true, i == 0, transfer_taxonomy );
+            assigned_tree = gsdir.getMinDuplicationsSumGeneTree();
             if ( i == 0 ) {
                 _removed_gene_tree_nodes = gsdir.getStrippedExternalGeneTreeNodes();
                 for( final PhylogenyNode r : _removed_gene_tree_nodes ) {
                     if ( !r.getNodeData().isHasTaxonomy() ) {
-                        throw new RIOException( "node with no (appropriate) taxonomic information found in gene tree #1: "
-                                + r.toString() );
+                        throw new RIOException( "node with no (appropriate) taxonomic information found in gene tree #"
+                                + i + ": " + r.toString() );
                     }
                 }
             }
-            final List<Integer> shortests = GSDIR.getIndexesOfShortestTree( assigned_trees );
-            assigned_tree = assigned_trees.get( shortests.get( 0 ) );
-            if ( _produce_log ) {
-                writeStatsToLog( i, gsdir, shortests );
-            }
             if ( i == 0 ) {
                 _gsdir_tax_comp_base = gsdir.getTaxCompBase();
             }
-            _duplications_stats.addValue( gsdir.getMinDuplicationsSum() );
+            dups = gsdir.getMinDuplicationsSum();
         }
         else {
             if ( _rerooting == REROOTING.MIDPOINT ) {
                 PhylogenyMethods.midpointRoot( gene_tree );
             }
             else if ( _rerooting == REROOTING.OUTGROUP ) {
-                PhylogenyNode n;
-                try {
-                    n = gene_tree.getNode( outgroup );
-                }
-                catch ( IllegalArgumentException e ) {
-                    throw new RIOException( "failed to perform re-rooting by outgroup: " + e.getLocalizedMessage() );
-                }
+                final PhylogenyNode n = gene_tree.getNode( outgroup );
                 gene_tree.reRoot( n );
             }
-            final GSDI gsdi = new GSDI( gene_tree, species_tree, true, true, true );
+            final GSDI gsdi = new GSDI( gene_tree, species_tree, true, true, true, transfer_taxonomy );
             _removed_gene_tree_nodes = gsdi.getStrippedExternalGeneTreeNodes();
             for( final PhylogenyNode r : _removed_gene_tree_nodes ) {
                 if ( !r.getNodeData().isHasTaxonomy() ) {
-                    throw new RIOException( "node with no (appropriate) taxonomic information found in gene tree #1: "
-                            + r.toString() );
+                    throw new RIOException( "node with no (appropriate) taxonomic information found in gene tree #" + i
+                            + ": " + r.toString() );
                 }
             }
             assigned_tree = gene_tree;
             if ( i == 0 ) {
                 _gsdir_tax_comp_base = gsdi.getTaxCompBase();
             }
-            _duplications_stats.addValue( gsdi.getDuplicationsSum() );
+            dups = gsdi.getDuplicationsSum();
         }
+        if ( ( i == 0 ) || ( dups < _duplications_stats.getMin() ) ) {
+            _min_dub_gene_tree = assigned_tree;
+        }
+        _duplications_stats.addValue( dups );
         return assigned_tree;
     }
 
@@ -294,61 +485,76 @@ public final class RIO {
         return sdir.infer( gene_tree, species_tree, false, true, true, true, 1 )[ 0 ];
     }
 
-    private void writeLogSubHeader() {
-        _log.append( "#" );
-        _log.append( "\t" );
-        _log.append( "with minimal number of duplications" );
-        _log.append( "/" );
-        _log.append( "root placements" );
-        _log.append( "\t[" );
-        _log.append( "min" );
-        _log.append( "-" );
-        _log.append( "max" );
-        _log.append( "]\t<" );
-        _log.append( "shortest" );
-        _log.append( ">" );
-        _log.append( ForesterUtil.LINE_SEPARATOR );
+    private final void postLog( final Phylogeny species_tree, final int first, final int last ) {
+        log( "" );
+        if ( ( getRemovedGeneTreeNodes() != null ) && ( getRemovedGeneTreeNodes().size() > 0 ) ) {
+            logRemovedGeneTreeNodes();
+        }
+        log( "Species tree external nodes (after stripping)   : " + species_tree.getNumberOfExternalNodes() );
+        log( "Species tree polytomies (after stripping)       : "
+                + PhylogenyMethods.countNumberOfPolytomies( species_tree ) );
+        log( "Taxonomy linking based on                       : " + getGSDIRtaxCompBase() );
+        final java.text.DecimalFormat df = new java.text.DecimalFormat( "0.#" );
+        if ( ( first >= 0 ) && ( last >= 0 ) ) {
+            log( "Gene trees analyzed range                       : " + first + "-" + last );
+        }
+        log( "Gene trees analyzed                             : " + _duplications_stats.getN() );
+        log( "Mean number of duplications                     : " + df.format( _duplications_stats.arithmeticMean() )
+                + " (sd: " + df.format( _duplications_stats.sampleStandardDeviation() ) + ")" + " ("
+                + df.format( ( 100.0 * _duplications_stats.arithmeticMean() ) / getIntNodesOfAnalyzedGeneTrees() )
+                + "%)" );
+        if ( _duplications_stats.getN() > 3 ) {
+            log( "Median number of duplications                   : " + df.format( _duplications_stats.median() )
+                    + " (" + df.format( ( 100.0 * _duplications_stats.median() ) / getIntNodesOfAnalyzedGeneTrees() )
+                    + "%)" );
+        }
+        log( "Minimum duplications                            : " + ( int ) _duplications_stats.getMin() + " ("
+                + df.format( ( 100.0 * _duplications_stats.getMin() ) / getIntNodesOfAnalyzedGeneTrees() ) + "%)" );
+        log( "Maximum duplications                            : " + ( int ) _duplications_stats.getMax() + " ("
+                + df.format( ( 100.0 * _duplications_stats.getMax() ) / getIntNodesOfAnalyzedGeneTrees() ) + "%)" );
+        log( "Gene tree internal nodes                        : " + getIntNodesOfAnalyzedGeneTrees() );
+        log( "Gene tree external nodes                        : " + getExtNodesOfAnalyzedGeneTrees() );
     }
 
-    private final void writeStatsToLog( final int i, final GSDIR gsdir, final List<Integer> shortests ) {
-        final BasicDescriptiveStatistics stats = gsdir.getDuplicationsSumStats();
-        _log.append( i );
-        _log.append( "\t" );
-        _log.append( gsdir.getMinDuplicationsSumGeneTrees().size() );
-        _log.append( "/" );
-        _log.append( stats.getN() );
-        _log.append( "\t[" );
-        _log.append( ( int ) stats.getMin() );
-        _log.append( "-" );
-        _log.append( ( int ) stats.getMax() );
-        _log.append( "]\t<" );
-        _log.append( shortests.size() );
-        _log.append( ">" );
-        _log.append( ForesterUtil.LINE_SEPARATOR );
+    private final void preLog( final int gene_trees,
+                               final Phylogeny species_tree,
+                               final ALGORITHM algorithm,
+                               final String outgroup ) {
+        if ( gene_trees > 0 ) {
+            log( "Number of gene trees (total)                    : " + gene_trees );
+        }
+        log( "Algorithm                                       : " + algorithm );
+        log( "Species tree external nodes (prior to stripping): " + species_tree.getNumberOfExternalNodes() );
+        log( "Species tree polytomies (prior to stripping)    : "
+                + PhylogenyMethods.countNumberOfPolytomies( species_tree ) );
+        String rs = "";
+        switch ( _rerooting ) {
+            case BY_ALGORITHM: {
+                rs = "minimizing duplications";
+                break;
+            }
+            case MIDPOINT: {
+                rs = "midpoint";
+                break;
+            }
+            case OUTGROUP: {
+                rs = "outgroup: " + outgroup;
+                break;
+            }
+            case NONE: {
+                rs = "none";
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        log( "Re-rooting                                      : " + rs );
     }
 
     public final static IntMatrix calculateOrthologTable( final Phylogeny[] analyzed_gene_trees, final boolean sort )
             throws RIOException {
         final List<String> labels = new ArrayList<String>();
         final Set<String> labels_set = new HashSet<String>();
-        String label;
         for( final PhylogenyNode n : analyzed_gene_trees[ 0 ].getExternalNodes() ) {
-            if ( n.getNodeData().isHasSequence() && !ForesterUtil.isEmpty( n.getNodeData().getSequence().getName() ) ) {
-                label = n.getNodeData().getSequence().getName();
-            }
-            else if ( n.getNodeData().isHasSequence()
-                    && !ForesterUtil.isEmpty( n.getNodeData().getSequence().getSymbol() ) ) {
-                label = n.getNodeData().getSequence().getSymbol();
-            }
-            else if ( !ForesterUtil.isEmpty( n.getName() ) ) {
-                label = n.getName();
-            }
-            else {
-                throw new RIOException( "node " + n + " has no appropriate label" );
-            }
-            if ( labels_set.contains( label ) ) {
-                throw new RIOException( "label " + label + " is not unique" );
-            }
+            final String label = obtainLabel( labels_set, n );
             labels_set.add( label );
             labels.add( label );
         }
@@ -359,38 +565,394 @@ public final class RIO {
         int counter = 0;
         for( final Phylogeny gt : analyzed_gene_trees ) {
             counter++;
-            PhylogenyMethods.preOrderReId( gt );
-            final HashMap<String, PhylogenyNode> map = PhylogenyMethods.createNameToExtNodeMap( gt );
-            for( int x = 0; x < m.size(); ++x ) {
-                final String mx = m.getLabel( x );
-                final PhylogenyNode nx = map.get( mx );
-                if ( nx == null ) {
-                    throw new RIOException( "node \"" + mx + "\" not present in gene tree #" + counter );
-                }
-                String my;
-                PhylogenyNode ny;
-                for( int y = 0; y < m.size(); ++y ) {
-                    my = m.getLabel( y );
-                    ny = map.get( my );
-                    if ( ny == null ) {
-                        throw new RIOException( "node \"" + my + "\" not present in gene tree #" + counter );
-                    }
-                    if ( !PhylogenyMethods.calculateLCAonTreeWithIdsInPreOrder( nx, ny ).isDuplication() ) {
-                        m.inreaseByOne( x, y );
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+            updateCounts( m, counter, gt );
         }
         return m;
     }
 
-    private final static void checkReRooting( final REROOTING rerooting, final String outgroup ) {
-        if ( !ForesterUtil.isEmpty( outgroup ) && rerooting != REROOTING.OUTGROUP ) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException( "can only use outgroup when re-rooting in this manner" );
+    public final static RIO executeAnalysis( final File gene_trees_file,
+                                             final File species_tree_file,
+                                             final ALGORITHM algorithm,
+                                             final REROOTING rerooting,
+                                             final String outgroup,
+                                             final int first,
+                                             final int last,
+                                             final boolean produce_log,
+                                             final boolean verbose,
+                                             final boolean transfer_taxonomy ) throws IOException, SDIException,
+            RIOException {
+        final Phylogeny[] gene_trees = parseGeneTrees( gene_trees_file );
+        if ( gene_trees.length < 1 ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "\"" + gene_trees_file + "\" is devoid of appropriate gene trees" );
         }
+        final Phylogeny species_tree = SDIutil.parseSpeciesTree( gene_trees[ 0 ],
+                                                                 species_tree_file,
+                                                                 false,
+                                                                 true,
+                                                                 TAXONOMY_EXTRACTION.NO );
+        return new RIO( gene_trees,
+                        species_tree,
+                        algorithm,
+                        rerooting,
+                        outgroup,
+                        first,
+                        last,
+                        produce_log,
+                        verbose,
+                        transfer_taxonomy );
     }
 
-    public BasicDescriptiveStatistics getDuplicationsStatistics() {
-        return _duplications_stats;
+    public final static RIO executeAnalysis( final File gene_trees_file,
+                                             final Phylogeny species_tree,
+                                             final ALGORITHM algorithm,
+                                             final REROOTING rerooting,
+                                             final String outgroup,
+                                             final boolean produce_log,
+                                             final boolean verbose,
+                                             final boolean transfer_taxonomy ) throws IOException, SDIException,
+            RIOException {
+        return new RIO( parseGeneTrees( gene_trees_file ),
+                        species_tree,
+                        algorithm,
+                        rerooting,
+                        outgroup,
+                        DEFAULT_RANGE,
+                        DEFAULT_RANGE,
+                        produce_log,
+                        verbose,
+                        transfer_taxonomy );
+    }
+
+    public final static RIO executeAnalysis( final File gene_trees_file,
+                                             final Phylogeny species_tree,
+                                             final ALGORITHM algorithm,
+                                             final REROOTING rerooting,
+                                             final String outgroup,
+                                             final int first,
+                                             final int last,
+                                             final boolean produce_log,
+                                             final boolean verbose,
+                                             final boolean transfer_taxonomy ) throws IOException, SDIException,
+            RIOException {
+        return new RIO( parseGeneTrees( gene_trees_file ),
+                        species_tree,
+                        algorithm,
+                        rerooting,
+                        outgroup,
+                        first,
+                        last,
+                        produce_log,
+                        verbose,
+                        transfer_taxonomy );
+    }
+
+    public final static RIO executeAnalysis( final IteratingPhylogenyParser p,
+                                             final File species_tree_file,
+                                             final ALGORITHM algorithm,
+                                             final REROOTING rerooting,
+                                             final String outgroup,
+                                             final int first,
+                                             final int last,
+                                             final boolean produce_log,
+                                             final boolean verbose,
+                                             final boolean transfer_taxonomy ) throws IOException, SDIException,
+            RIOException {
+        final Phylogeny g0 = p.next();
+        if ( ( g0 == null ) || g0.isEmpty() || ( g0.getNumberOfExternalNodes() < 2 ) ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "input file does not seem to contain any gene trees" );
+        }
+        final Phylogeny species_tree = SDIutil.parseSpeciesTree( g0,
+                                                                 species_tree_file,
+                                                                 false,
+                                                                 true,
+                                                                 TAXONOMY_EXTRACTION.NO );
+        p.reset();
+        return new RIO( p,
+                        species_tree,
+                        algorithm,
+                        rerooting,
+                        outgroup,
+                        first,
+                        last,
+                        produce_log,
+                        verbose,
+                        transfer_taxonomy );
+    }
+
+    public final static RIO executeAnalysis( final IteratingPhylogenyParser p,
+                                             final Phylogeny species_tree,
+                                             final ALGORITHM algorithm,
+                                             final REROOTING rerooting,
+                                             final String outgroup,
+                                             final boolean produce_log,
+                                             final boolean verbose,
+                                             final boolean transfer_taxonomy ) throws IOException, SDIException,
+            RIOException {
+        return new RIO( p,
+                        species_tree,
+                        algorithm,
+                        rerooting,
+                        outgroup,
+                        DEFAULT_RANGE,
+                        DEFAULT_RANGE,
+                        produce_log,
+                        verbose,
+                        transfer_taxonomy );
+    }
+
+    public final static RIO executeAnalysis( final IteratingPhylogenyParser p,
+                                             final Phylogeny species_tree,
+                                             final ALGORITHM algorithm,
+                                             final REROOTING rerooting,
+                                             final String outgroup,
+                                             final int first,
+                                             final int last,
+                                             final boolean produce_log,
+                                             final boolean verbose,
+                                             final boolean transfer_taxonomy ) throws IOException, SDIException,
+            RIOException {
+        return new RIO( p,
+                        species_tree,
+                        algorithm,
+                        rerooting,
+                        outgroup,
+                        first,
+                        last,
+                        produce_log,
+                        verbose,
+                        transfer_taxonomy );
+    }
+
+    public final static RIO executeAnalysis( final Phylogeny[] gene_trees, final Phylogeny species_tree )
+            throws IOException, SDIException, RIOException {
+        return new RIO( gene_trees,
+                        species_tree,
+                        ALGORITHM.GSDIR,
+                        REROOTING.BY_ALGORITHM,
+                        null,
+                        DEFAULT_RANGE,
+                        DEFAULT_RANGE,
+                        false,
+                        false,
+                        false );
+    }
+
+    public final static RIO executeAnalysis( final Phylogeny[] gene_trees,
+                                             final Phylogeny species_tree,
+                                             final ALGORITHM algorithm,
+                                             final REROOTING rerooting,
+                                             final String outgroup,
+                                             final boolean produce_log,
+                                             final boolean verbose,
+                                             final boolean transfer_taxonomy ) throws IOException, SDIException,
+            RIOException {
+        return new RIO( gene_trees,
+                        species_tree,
+                        algorithm,
+                        rerooting,
+                        outgroup,
+                        DEFAULT_RANGE,
+                        DEFAULT_RANGE,
+                        produce_log,
+                        verbose,
+                        transfer_taxonomy );
+    }
+
+    public final static RIO executeAnalysis( final Phylogeny[] gene_trees,
+                                             final Phylogeny species_tree,
+                                             final ALGORITHM algorithm,
+                                             final REROOTING rerooting,
+                                             final String outgroup,
+                                             final int first,
+                                             final int last,
+                                             final boolean produce_log,
+                                             final boolean verbose,
+                                             final boolean transfer_taxonomy ) throws IOException, SDIException,
+            RIOException {
+        return new RIO( gene_trees,
+                        species_tree,
+                        algorithm,
+                        rerooting,
+                        outgroup,
+                        first,
+                        last,
+                        produce_log,
+                        verbose,
+                        transfer_taxonomy );
+    }
+
+    private final static void calculateOrthologTable( final Phylogeny g, final boolean sort, final int counter )
+            throws RIOException {
+        if ( counter == 0 ) {
+            final List<String> labels = new ArrayList<String>();
+            final Set<String> labels_set = new HashSet<String>();
+            for( final PhylogenyNode n : g.getExternalNodes() ) {
+                final String label = obtainLabel( labels_set, n );
+                labels_set.add( label );
+                labels.add( label );
+            }
+            if ( sort ) {
+                Collections.sort( labels );
+            }
+            _m = new IntMatrix( labels );
+        }
+        updateCounts( _m, counter, g );
+    }
+
+    private final static void checkPreconditions( final IteratingPhylogenyParser p,
+                                                  final Phylogeny species_tree,
+                                                  final REROOTING rerooting,
+                                                  final String outgroup,
+                                                  final int first,
+                                                  final int last ) throws RIOException, IOException {
+        final Phylogeny g0 = p.next();
+        if ( ( g0 == null ) || g0.isEmpty() ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "input file does not seem to contain any gene trees" );
+        }
+        if ( g0.getNumberOfExternalNodes() < 2 ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "input file does not seem to contain any useable gene trees" );
+        }
+        if ( !species_tree.isRooted() ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "species tree is not rooted" );
+        }
+        if ( !( ( last == DEFAULT_RANGE ) && ( first == DEFAULT_RANGE ) )
+                && ( ( last < first ) || ( last < 0 ) || ( first < 0 ) ) ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "attempt to set range (0-based) of gene to analyze to: from " + first + " to "
+                    + last );
+        }
+        if ( ( rerooting == REROOTING.OUTGROUP ) && ForesterUtil.isEmpty( outgroup ) ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "outgroup not set for midpoint rooting" );
+        }
+        if ( ( rerooting != REROOTING.OUTGROUP ) && !ForesterUtil.isEmpty( outgroup ) ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "outgroup only used for midpoint rooting" );
+        }
+        if ( ( rerooting == REROOTING.MIDPOINT ) && ( PhylogenyMethods.calculateMaxDistanceToRoot( g0 ) <= 0 ) ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "attempt to use midpoint rooting on gene trees which seem to have no (positive) branch lengths (cladograms)" );
+        }
+        if ( rerooting == REROOTING.OUTGROUP ) {
+            try {
+                g0.getNode( outgroup );
+            }
+            catch ( final IllegalArgumentException e ) {
+                throw new RIOException( "cannot perform re-rooting by outgroup: " + e.getLocalizedMessage() );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final static void checkPreconditions( final Phylogeny[] gene_trees,
+                                                  final Phylogeny species_tree,
+                                                  final REROOTING rerooting,
+                                                  final String outgroup,
+                                                  final int first,
+                                                  final int last ) throws RIOException {
+        if ( !species_tree.isRooted() ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "species tree is not rooted" );
+        }
+        if ( !( ( last == DEFAULT_RANGE ) && ( first == DEFAULT_RANGE ) )
+                && ( ( last < first ) || ( last >= gene_trees.length ) || ( last < 0 ) || ( first < 0 ) ) ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "attempt to set range (0-based) of gene to analyze to: from " + first + " to "
+                    + last + " (out of " + gene_trees.length + ")" );
+        }
+        if ( ( rerooting == REROOTING.OUTGROUP ) && ForesterUtil.isEmpty( outgroup ) ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "outgroup not set for midpoint rooting" );
+        }
+        if ( ( rerooting != REROOTING.OUTGROUP ) && !ForesterUtil.isEmpty( outgroup ) ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "outgroup only used for midpoint rooting" );
+        }
+        if ( ( rerooting == REROOTING.MIDPOINT )
+                && ( PhylogenyMethods.calculateMaxDistanceToRoot( gene_trees[ 0 ] ) <= 0 ) ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "attempt to use midpoint rooting on gene trees which seem to have no (positive) branch lengths (cladograms)" );
+        }
+        if ( rerooting == REROOTING.OUTGROUP ) {
+            try {
+                gene_trees[ 0 ].getNode( outgroup );
+            }
+            catch ( final IllegalArgumentException e ) {
+                throw new RIOException( "cannot perform re-rooting by outgroup: " + e.getLocalizedMessage() );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final static String obtainLabel( final Set<String> labels_set, final PhylogenyNode n ) throws RIOException {
+        String label;
+        if ( n.getNodeData().isHasSequence() && !ForesterUtil.isEmpty( n.getNodeData().getSequence().getName() ) ) {
+            label = n.getNodeData().getSequence().getName();
+        }
+        else if ( n.getNodeData().isHasSequence() && !ForesterUtil.isEmpty( n.getNodeData().getSequence().getSymbol() ) ) {
+            label = n.getNodeData().getSequence().getSymbol();
+        }
+        else if ( n.getNodeData().isHasSequence()
+                && !ForesterUtil.isEmpty( n.getNodeData().getSequence().getGeneName() ) ) {
+            label = n.getNodeData().getSequence().getGeneName();
+        }
+        else if ( !ForesterUtil.isEmpty( n.getName() ) ) {
+            label = n.getName();
+        }
+        else {
+            throw new RIOException( "node " + n + " has no appropriate label" );
+        }
+        if ( labels_set.contains( label ) ) {
+            throw new RIOException( "label " + label + " is not unique" );
+        }
+        return label;
+    }
+
+    private final static Phylogeny[] parseGeneTrees( final File gene_trees_file ) throws FileNotFoundException,
+            IOException {
+        final PhylogenyFactory factory = ParserBasedPhylogenyFactory.getInstance();
+        final PhylogenyParser p = ParserUtils.createParserDependingOnFileType( gene_trees_file, true );
+        if ( p instanceof NHXParser ) {
+            final NHXParser nhx = ( NHXParser ) p;
+            nhx.setReplaceUnderscores( false );
+            nhx.setIgnoreQuotes( true );
+            nhx.setTaxonomyExtraction( TAXONOMY_EXTRACTION.AGGRESSIVE );
+        }
+        else if ( p instanceof NexusPhylogeniesParser ) {
+            final NexusPhylogeniesParser nex = ( NexusPhylogeniesParser ) p;
+            nex.setReplaceUnderscores( false );
+            nex.setIgnoreQuotes( true );
+            nex.setTaxonomyExtraction( TAXONOMY_EXTRACTION.AGGRESSIVE );
+        }
+        return factory.create( gene_trees_file, p );
+    }
+
+    private final static void removeSingleDescendentsNodes( final Phylogeny species_tree, final boolean verbose ) {
+        final int o = PhylogenyMethods.countNumberOfOneDescendantNodes( species_tree );
+        if ( o > 0 ) {
+            if ( verbose ) {
+                System.out.println( "warning: species tree has " + o
+                        + " internal nodes with only one descendent which are therefore going to be removed" );
+            }
+            PhylogenyMethods.deleteInternalNodesWithOnlyOneDescendent( species_tree );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final static void updateCounts( final IntMatrix m, final int counter, final Phylogeny g )
+            throws RIOException {
+        PhylogenyMethods.preOrderReId( g );
+        final HashMap<String, PhylogenyNode> map = PhylogenyMethods.createNameToExtNodeMap( g );
+        for( int x = 0; x < m.size(); ++x ) {
+            final String mx = m.getLabel( x );
+            final PhylogenyNode nx = map.get( mx );
+            if ( nx == null ) {
+                throw new RIOException( "node \"" + mx + "\" not present in gene tree #" + counter );
+            }
+            String my;
+            PhylogenyNode ny;
+            for( int y = 0; y < m.size(); ++y ) {
+                my = m.getLabel( y );
+                ny = map.get( my );
+                if ( ny == null ) {
+                    throw new RIOException( "node \"" + my + "\" not present in gene tree #" + counter );
+                }
+                if ( !PhylogenyMethods.calculateLCAonTreeWithIdsInPreOrder( nx, ny ).isDuplication() ) {
+                    m.inreaseByOne( x, y );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public enum REROOTING {
+        NONE, BY_ALGORITHM, MIDPOINT, OUTGROUP;
     }
 }