JAL-2089 patch broken merge to master for Release 2.10.0b1
[jalview.git] / test / jalview / analysis / AlignmentUtilsTests.java
index 5039deb..4aed7e7 100644 (file)
+/*
+ * Jalview - A Sequence Alignment Editor and Viewer ($$Version-Rel$$)
+ * Copyright (C) $$Year-Rel$$ The Jalview Authors
+ * 
+ * This file is part of Jalview.
+ * 
+ * Jalview is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License 
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *  
+ * Jalview is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but 
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty 
+ * of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 
+ * PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+ * 
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with Jalview.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ * The Jalview Authors are detailed in the 'AUTHORS' file.
+ */
 package jalview.analysis;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.assertEquals;
+import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.assertFalse;
+import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.assertNotNull;
+import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.assertNull;
+import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.assertSame;
+import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.assertTrue;
 
+import jalview.analysis.AlignmentUtils.DnaVariant;
+import jalview.datamodel.AlignedCodonFrame;
 import jalview.datamodel.Alignment;
+import jalview.datamodel.AlignmentAnnotation;
 import jalview.datamodel.AlignmentI;
+import jalview.datamodel.Annotation;
+import jalview.datamodel.DBRefEntry;
+import jalview.datamodel.Mapping;
+import jalview.datamodel.SearchResults;
+import jalview.datamodel.SearchResults.Match;
 import jalview.datamodel.Sequence;
+import jalview.datamodel.SequenceFeature;
 import jalview.datamodel.SequenceI;
 import jalview.io.AppletFormatAdapter;
+import jalview.io.FormatAdapter;
+import jalview.util.MapList;
+import jalview.util.MappingUtils;
 
-public class AlignmentUtilsTests 
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+
+import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+
+public class AlignmentUtilsTests
 {
-  public static Sequence ts=new Sequence("short","ASDASDASDASDASDASDASDASDASDASDASDASDASD");
-  @Test
-  public void testExpandFlanks()
+  public static Sequence ts = new Sequence("short",
+          "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklm");
+
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testExpandContext()
   {
     AlignmentI al = new Alignment(new Sequence[] {});
-    for (int i=4;i<14;i+=3)
+    for (int i = 4; i < 14; i += 2)
     {
-      SequenceI s1=ts.deriveSequence().getSubSequence(i, i+7);
+      SequenceI s1 = ts.deriveSequence().getSubSequence(i, i + 7);
       al.addSequence(s1);
     }
-    System.out.println(new AppletFormatAdapter().formatSequences("Clustal", al, true));
-    for (int flnk=-1;flnk<25; flnk++)
+    System.out.println(new AppletFormatAdapter().formatSequences("Clustal",
+            al, true));
+    for (int flnk = -1; flnk < 25; flnk++)
     {
-      System.out.println("\nFlank size: "+flnk);
-      System.out.println(new AppletFormatAdapter().formatSequences("Clustal", AlignmentUtils.expandContext(al, flnk), true));
-    }    
+      AlignmentI exp = AlignmentUtils.expandContext(al, flnk);
+      System.out.println("\nFlank size: " + flnk);
+      System.out.println(new AppletFormatAdapter().formatSequences(
+              "Clustal", exp, true));
+      if (flnk == -1)
+      {
+        /*
+         * Full expansion to complete sequences
+         */
+        for (SequenceI sq : exp.getSequences())
+        {
+          String ung = sq.getSequenceAsString().replaceAll("-+", "");
+          final String errorMsg = "Flanking sequence not the same as original dataset sequence.\n"
+                  + ung
+                  + "\n"
+                  + sq.getDatasetSequence().getSequenceAsString();
+          assertTrue(errorMsg, ung.equalsIgnoreCase(sq.getDatasetSequence()
+                  .getSequenceAsString()));
+        }
+      }
+      else if (flnk == 24)
+      {
+        /*
+         * Last sequence is fully expanded, others have leading gaps to match
+         */
+        assertTrue(exp.getSequenceAt(4).getSequenceAsString()
+                .startsWith("abc"));
+        assertTrue(exp.getSequenceAt(3).getSequenceAsString()
+                .startsWith("--abc"));
+        assertTrue(exp.getSequenceAt(2).getSequenceAsString()
+                .startsWith("----abc"));
+        assertTrue(exp.getSequenceAt(1).getSequenceAsString()
+                .startsWith("------abc"));
+        assertTrue(exp.getSequenceAt(0).getSequenceAsString()
+                .startsWith("--------abc"));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test that annotations are correctly adjusted by expandContext
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testExpandContext_annotation()
+  {
+    AlignmentI al = new Alignment(new Sequence[] {});
+    SequenceI ds = new Sequence("Seq1", "ABCDEFGHI");
+    // subsequence DEF:
+    SequenceI seq1 = ds.deriveSequence().getSubSequence(3, 6);
+    al.addSequence(seq1);
+
+    /*
+     * Annotate DEF with 4/5/6 respectively
+     */
+    Annotation[] anns = new Annotation[] { new Annotation(4),
+        new Annotation(5), new Annotation(6) };
+    AlignmentAnnotation ann = new AlignmentAnnotation("SS",
+            "secondary structure", anns);
+    seq1.addAlignmentAnnotation(ann);
+
+    /*
+     * The annotations array should match aligned positions
+     */
+    assertEquals(3, ann.annotations.length);
+    assertEquals(4, ann.annotations[0].value, 0.001);
+    assertEquals(5, ann.annotations[1].value, 0.001);
+    assertEquals(6, ann.annotations[2].value, 0.001);
+
+    /*
+     * Check annotation to sequence position mappings before expanding the
+     * sequence; these are set up in Sequence.addAlignmentAnnotation ->
+     * Annotation.setSequenceRef -> createSequenceMappings
+     */
+    assertNull(ann.getAnnotationForPosition(1));
+    assertNull(ann.getAnnotationForPosition(2));
+    assertNull(ann.getAnnotationForPosition(3));
+    assertEquals(4, ann.getAnnotationForPosition(4).value, 0.001);
+    assertEquals(5, ann.getAnnotationForPosition(5).value, 0.001);
+    assertEquals(6, ann.getAnnotationForPosition(6).value, 0.001);
+    assertNull(ann.getAnnotationForPosition(7));
+    assertNull(ann.getAnnotationForPosition(8));
+    assertNull(ann.getAnnotationForPosition(9));
+
+    /*
+     * Expand the subsequence to the full sequence abcDEFghi
+     */
+    AlignmentI expanded = AlignmentUtils.expandContext(al, -1);
+    assertEquals("abcDEFghi", expanded.getSequenceAt(0)
+            .getSequenceAsString());
+
+    /*
+     * Confirm the alignment and sequence have the same SS annotation,
+     * referencing the expanded sequence
+     */
+    ann = expanded.getSequenceAt(0).getAnnotation()[0];
+    assertSame(ann, expanded.getAlignmentAnnotation()[0]);
+    assertSame(expanded.getSequenceAt(0), ann.sequenceRef);
+
+    /*
+     * The annotations array should have null values except for annotated
+     * positions
+     */
+    assertNull(ann.annotations[0]);
+    assertNull(ann.annotations[1]);
+    assertNull(ann.annotations[2]);
+    assertEquals(4, ann.annotations[3].value, 0.001);
+    assertEquals(5, ann.annotations[4].value, 0.001);
+    assertEquals(6, ann.annotations[5].value, 0.001);
+    assertNull(ann.annotations[6]);
+    assertNull(ann.annotations[7]);
+    assertNull(ann.annotations[8]);
+
+    /*
+     * sequence position mappings should be unchanged
+     */
+    assertNull(ann.getAnnotationForPosition(1));
+    assertNull(ann.getAnnotationForPosition(2));
+    assertNull(ann.getAnnotationForPosition(3));
+    assertEquals(4, ann.getAnnotationForPosition(4).value, 0.001);
+    assertEquals(5, ann.getAnnotationForPosition(5).value, 0.001);
+    assertEquals(6, ann.getAnnotationForPosition(6).value, 0.001);
+    assertNull(ann.getAnnotationForPosition(7));
+    assertNull(ann.getAnnotationForPosition(8));
+    assertNull(ann.getAnnotationForPosition(9));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test method that returns a map of lists of sequences by sequence name.
+   * 
+   * @throws IOException
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testGetSequencesByName() throws IOException
+  {
+    final String data = ">Seq1Name\nKQYL\n" + ">Seq2Name\nRFPW\n"
+            + ">Seq1Name\nABCD\n";
+    AlignmentI al = loadAlignment(data, "FASTA");
+    Map<String, List<SequenceI>> map = AlignmentUtils
+            .getSequencesByName(al);
+    assertEquals(2, map.keySet().size());
+    assertEquals(2, map.get("Seq1Name").size());
+    assertEquals("KQYL", map.get("Seq1Name").get(0).getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals("ABCD", map.get("Seq1Name").get(1).getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals(1, map.get("Seq2Name").size());
+    assertEquals("RFPW", map.get("Seq2Name").get(0).getSequenceAsString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper method to load an alignment and ensure dataset sequences are set up.
+   * 
+   * @param data
+   * @param format
+   *          TODO
+   * @return
+   * @throws IOException
+   */
+  protected AlignmentI loadAlignment(final String data, String format)
+          throws IOException
+  {
+    AlignmentI a = new FormatAdapter().readFile(data,
+            AppletFormatAdapter.PASTE, format);
+    a.setDataset(null);
+    return a;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test mapping of protein to cDNA, for the case where we have no sequence
+   * cross-references, so mappings are made first-served 1-1 where sequences
+   * translate.
+   * 
+   * @throws IOException
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testMapProteinAlignmentToCdna_noXrefs() throws IOException
+  {
+    List<SequenceI> protseqs = new ArrayList<SequenceI>();
+    protseqs.add(new Sequence("UNIPROT|V12345", "EIQ"));
+    protseqs.add(new Sequence("UNIPROT|V12346", "EIQ"));
+    protseqs.add(new Sequence("UNIPROT|V12347", "SAR"));
+    AlignmentI protein = new Alignment(protseqs.toArray(new SequenceI[3]));
+    protein.setDataset(null);
+
+    List<SequenceI> dnaseqs = new ArrayList<SequenceI>();
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A11111", "TCAGCACGC")); // = SAR
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A22222", "GAGATACAA")); // = EIQ
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A33333", "GAAATCCAG")); // = EIQ
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A44444", "GAAATTCAG")); // = EIQ
+    AlignmentI cdna = new Alignment(dnaseqs.toArray(new SequenceI[4]));
+    cdna.setDataset(null);
+
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.mapProteinAlignmentToCdna(protein, cdna));
+
+    // 3 mappings made, each from 1 to 1 sequence
+    assertEquals(3, protein.getCodonFrames().size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(0)).size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(1)).size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(2)).size());
+
+    // V12345 mapped to A22222
+    AlignedCodonFrame acf = protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(0))
+            .get(0);
+    assertEquals(1, acf.getdnaSeqs().length);
+    assertEquals(cdna.getSequenceAt(1).getDatasetSequence(),
+            acf.getdnaSeqs()[0]);
+    Mapping[] protMappings = acf.getProtMappings();
+    assertEquals(1, protMappings.length);
+    MapList mapList = protMappings[0].getMap();
+    assertEquals(3, mapList.getFromRatio());
+    assertEquals(1, mapList.getToRatio());
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new int[] { 1, 9 }, mapList.getFromRanges()
+            .get(0)));
+    assertEquals(1, mapList.getFromRanges().size());
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new int[] { 1, 3 },
+            mapList.getToRanges().get(0)));
+    assertEquals(1, mapList.getToRanges().size());
+
+    // V12346 mapped to A33333
+    acf = protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(1)).get(0);
+    assertEquals(1, acf.getdnaSeqs().length);
+    assertEquals(cdna.getSequenceAt(2).getDatasetSequence(),
+            acf.getdnaSeqs()[0]);
+
+    // V12347 mapped to A11111
+    acf = protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(2)).get(0);
+    assertEquals(1, acf.getdnaSeqs().length);
+    assertEquals(cdna.getSequenceAt(0).getDatasetSequence(),
+            acf.getdnaSeqs()[0]);
+
+    // no mapping involving the 'extra' A44444
+    assertTrue(protein.getCodonFrame(cdna.getSequenceAt(3)).isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test for the alignSequenceAs method that takes two sequences and a mapping.
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testAlignSequenceAs_withMapping_noIntrons()
+  {
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 1, 6 }, new int[] { 1, 2 }, 3, 1);
+
+    /*
+     * No existing gaps in dna:
+     */
+    checkAlignSequenceAs("GGGAAA", "-A-L-", false, false, map,
+            "---GGG---AAA");
+
+    /*
+     * Now introduce gaps in dna but ignore them when realigning.
+     */
+    checkAlignSequenceAs("-G-G-G-A-A-A-", "-A-L-", false, false, map,
+            "---GGG---AAA");
+
+    /*
+     * Now include gaps in dna when realigning. First retaining 'mapped' gaps
+     * only, i.e. those within the exon region.
+     */
+    checkAlignSequenceAs("-G-G--G-A--A-A-", "-A-L-", true, false, map,
+            "---G-G--G---A--A-A");
+
+    /*
+     * Include all gaps in dna when realigning (within and without the exon
+     * region). The leading gap, and the gaps between codons, are subsumed by
+     * the protein alignment gap.
+     */
+    checkAlignSequenceAs("-G-GG--AA-A---", "-A-L-", true, true, map,
+            "---G-GG---AA-A---");
+
+    /*
+     * Include only unmapped gaps in dna when realigning (outside the exon
+     * region). The leading gap, and the gaps between codons, are subsumed by
+     * the protein alignment gap.
+     */
+    checkAlignSequenceAs("-G-GG--AA-A-", "-A-L-", false, true, map,
+            "---GGG---AAA---");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test for the alignSequenceAs method that takes two sequences and a mapping.
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testAlignSequenceAs_withMapping_withIntrons()
+  {
+    /*
+     * Exons at codon 2 (AAA) and 4 (TTT)
+     */
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 4, 6, 10, 12 },
+            new int[] { 1, 2 }, 3, 1);
+
+    /*
+     * Simple case: no gaps in dna
+     */
+    checkAlignSequenceAs("GGGAAACCCTTTGGG", "--A-L-", false, false, map,
+            "GGG---AAACCCTTTGGG");
+
+    /*
+     * Add gaps to dna - but ignore when realigning.
+     */
+    checkAlignSequenceAs("-G-G-G--A--A---AC-CC-T-TT-GG-G-", "--A-L-",
+            false, false, map, "GGG---AAACCCTTTGGG");
+
+    /*
+     * Add gaps to dna - include within exons only when realigning.
+     */
+    checkAlignSequenceAs("-G-G-G--A--A---A-C-CC-T-TT-GG-G-", "--A-L-",
+            true, false, map, "GGG---A--A---ACCCT-TTGGG");
+
+    /*
+     * Include gaps outside exons only when realigning.
+     */
+    checkAlignSequenceAs("-G-G-G--A--A---A-C-CC-T-TT-GG-G-", "--A-L-",
+            false, true, map, "-G-G-GAAAC-CCTTT-GG-G-");
+
+    /*
+     * Include gaps following first intron if we are 'preserving mapped gaps'
+     */
+    checkAlignSequenceAs("-G-G-G--A--A---A-C-CC-T-TT-GG-G-", "--A-L-",
+            true, true, map, "-G-G-G--A--A---A-C-CC-T-TT-GG-G-");
+
+    /*
+     * Include all gaps in dna when realigning.
+     */
+    checkAlignSequenceAs("-G-G-G--A--A---A-C-CC-T-TT-GG-G-", "--A-L-",
+            true, true, map, "-G-G-G--A--A---A-C-CC-T-TT-GG-G-");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test for the case where not all of the protein sequence is mapped to cDNA.
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testAlignSequenceAs_withMapping_withUnmappedProtein()
+  {
+    /*
+     * Exons at codon 2 (AAA) and 4 (TTT) mapped to A and P
+     */
+    final MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 4, 6, 10, 12 }, new int[] {
+        1, 1, 3, 3 }, 3, 1);
+
+    /*
+     * -L- 'aligns' ccc------
+     */
+    checkAlignSequenceAs("gggAAAcccTTTggg", "-A-L-P-", false, false, map,
+            "gggAAAccc------TTTggg");
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper method that performs and verifies the method under test.
+   * 
+   * @param alignee
+   *          the sequence to be realigned
+   * @param alignModel
+   *          the sequence whose alignment is to be copied
+   * @param preserveMappedGaps
+   * @param preserveUnmappedGaps
+   * @param map
+   * @param expected
+   */
+  protected void checkAlignSequenceAs(final String alignee,
+          final String alignModel, final boolean preserveMappedGaps,
+          final boolean preserveUnmappedGaps, MapList map,
+          final String expected)
+  {
+    SequenceI alignMe = new Sequence("Seq1", alignee);
+    alignMe.createDatasetSequence();
+    SequenceI alignFrom = new Sequence("Seq2", alignModel);
+    alignFrom.createDatasetSequence();
+    AlignedCodonFrame acf = new AlignedCodonFrame();
+    acf.addMap(alignMe.getDatasetSequence(),
+            alignFrom.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+
+    AlignmentUtils.alignSequenceAs(alignMe, alignFrom, acf, "---", '-',
+            preserveMappedGaps, preserveUnmappedGaps);
+    assertEquals(expected, alignMe.getSequenceAsString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test for the alignSequenceAs method where we preserve gaps in introns only.
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testAlignSequenceAs_keepIntronGapsOnly()
+  {
+
+    /*
+     * Intron GGGAAA followed by exon CCCTTT
+     */
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 7, 12 }, new int[] { 1, 2 }, 3, 1);
+
+    checkAlignSequenceAs("GG-G-AA-A-C-CC-T-TT", "AL", false, true, map,
+            "GG-G-AA-ACCCTTT");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test the method that realigns protein to match mapped codon alignment.
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testAlignProteinAsDna()
+  {
+    // seq1 codons are [1,2,3] [4,5,6] [7,8,9] [10,11,12]
+    SequenceI dna1 = new Sequence("Seq1", "TGCCATTACCAG-");
+    // seq2 codons are [1,3,4] [5,6,7] [8,9,10] [11,12,13]
+    SequenceI dna2 = new Sequence("Seq2", "T-GCCATTACCAG");
+    // seq3 codons are [1,2,3] [4,5,7] [8,9,10] [11,12,13]
+    SequenceI dna3 = new Sequence("Seq3", "TGCCA-TTACCAG");
+    AlignmentI dna = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { dna1, dna2, dna3 });
+    dna.setDataset(null);
+
+    // protein alignment will be realigned like dna
+    SequenceI prot1 = new Sequence("Seq1", "CHYQ");
+    SequenceI prot2 = new Sequence("Seq2", "CHYQ");
+    SequenceI prot3 = new Sequence("Seq3", "CHYQ");
+    SequenceI prot4 = new Sequence("Seq4", "R-QSV"); // unmapped, unchanged
+    AlignmentI protein = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { prot1, prot2,
+        prot3, prot4 });
+    protein.setDataset(null);
+
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 1, 12 }, new int[] { 1, 4 }, 3, 1);
+    AlignedCodonFrame acf = new AlignedCodonFrame();
+    acf.addMap(dna1.getDatasetSequence(), prot1.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+    acf.addMap(dna2.getDatasetSequence(), prot2.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+    acf.addMap(dna3.getDatasetSequence(), prot3.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+    ArrayList<AlignedCodonFrame> acfs = new ArrayList<AlignedCodonFrame>();
+    acfs.add(acf);
+    protein.setCodonFrames(acfs);
+
+    /*
+     * Translated codon order is [1,2,3] [1,3,4] [4,5,6] [4,5,7] [5,6,7] [7,8,9]
+     * [8,9,10] [10,11,12] [11,12,13]
+     */
+    AlignmentUtils.alignProteinAsDna(protein, dna);
+    assertEquals("C-H--Y-Q-", prot1.getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals("-C--H-Y-Q", prot2.getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals("C--H--Y-Q", prot3.getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals("R-QSV", prot4.getSequenceAsString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test the method that tests whether a CDNA sequence translates to a protein
+   * sequence
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testTranslatesAs()
+  {
+    // null arguments check
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs(null, 0, null));
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs(new char[] { 't' }, 0, null));
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs(null, 0, new char[] { 'a' }));
+
+    // straight translation
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs("tttcccaaaggg".toCharArray(), 0,
+            "FPKG".toCharArray()));
+    // with extra start codon (not in protein)
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs("atgtttcccaaaggg".toCharArray(),
+            3, "FPKG".toCharArray()));
+    // with stop codon1 (not in protein)
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs("tttcccaaagggtaa".toCharArray(),
+            0, "FPKG".toCharArray()));
+    // with stop codon1 (in protein as *)
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs("tttcccaaagggtaa".toCharArray(),
+            0, "FPKG*".toCharArray()));
+    // with stop codon2 (not in protein)
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs("tttcccaaagggtag".toCharArray(),
+            0, "FPKG".toCharArray()));
+    // with stop codon3 (not in protein)
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs("tttcccaaagggtga".toCharArray(),
+            0, "FPKG".toCharArray()));
+    // with start and stop codon1
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs(
+            "atgtttcccaaagggtaa".toCharArray(), 3, "FPKG".toCharArray()));
+    // with start and stop codon1 (in protein as *)
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs(
+            "atgtttcccaaagggtaa".toCharArray(), 3, "FPKG*".toCharArray()));
+    // with start and stop codon2
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs(
+            "atgtttcccaaagggtag".toCharArray(), 3, "FPKG".toCharArray()));
+    // with start and stop codon3
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs(
+            "atgtttcccaaagggtga".toCharArray(), 3, "FPKG".toCharArray()));
+
+    // with embedded stop codons
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs(
+            "atgtttTAGcccaaaTAAgggtga".toCharArray(), 3,
+            "F*PK*G".toCharArray()));
+
+    // wrong protein
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs("tttcccaaaggg".toCharArray(),
+            0, "FPMG".toCharArray()));
+
+    // truncated dna
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs("tttcccaaagg".toCharArray(), 0,
+            "FPKG".toCharArray()));
+
+    // truncated protein
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs("tttcccaaaggg".toCharArray(),
+            0, "FPK".toCharArray()));
+
+    // overlong dna (doesn't end in stop codon)
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs(
+            "tttcccaaagggttt".toCharArray(), 0, "FPKG".toCharArray()));
+
+    // dna + stop codon + more
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs(
+            "tttcccaaagggttaga".toCharArray(), 0, "FPKG".toCharArray()));
+
+    // overlong protein
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.translatesAs("tttcccaaaggg".toCharArray(),
+            0, "FPKGQ".toCharArray()));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test mapping of protein to cDNA, for cases where the cDNA has start and/or
+   * stop codons in addition to the protein coding sequence.
+   * 
+   * @throws IOException
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testMapProteinAlignmentToCdna_withStartAndStopCodons()
+          throws IOException
+  {
+    List<SequenceI> protseqs = new ArrayList<SequenceI>();
+    protseqs.add(new Sequence("UNIPROT|V12345", "EIQ"));
+    protseqs.add(new Sequence("UNIPROT|V12346", "EIQ"));
+    protseqs.add(new Sequence("UNIPROT|V12347", "SAR"));
+    AlignmentI protein = new Alignment(protseqs.toArray(new SequenceI[3]));
+    protein.setDataset(null);
+
+    List<SequenceI> dnaseqs = new ArrayList<SequenceI>();
+    // start + SAR:
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A11111", "ATGTCAGCACGC"));
+    // = EIQ + stop
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A22222", "GAGATACAATAA"));
+    // = start +EIQ + stop
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A33333", "ATGGAAATCCAGTAG"));
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A44444", "GAAATTCAG"));
+    AlignmentI cdna = new Alignment(dnaseqs.toArray(new SequenceI[4]));
+    cdna.setDataset(null);
+
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.mapProteinAlignmentToCdna(protein, cdna));
+
+    // 3 mappings made, each from 1 to 1 sequence
+    assertEquals(3, protein.getCodonFrames().size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(0)).size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(1)).size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(2)).size());
+
+    // V12345 mapped from A22222
+    AlignedCodonFrame acf = protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(0))
+            .get(0);
+    assertEquals(1, acf.getdnaSeqs().length);
+    assertEquals(cdna.getSequenceAt(1).getDatasetSequence(),
+            acf.getdnaSeqs()[0]);
+    Mapping[] protMappings = acf.getProtMappings();
+    assertEquals(1, protMappings.length);
+    MapList mapList = protMappings[0].getMap();
+    assertEquals(3, mapList.getFromRatio());
+    assertEquals(1, mapList.getToRatio());
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new int[] { 1, 9 }, mapList.getFromRanges()
+            .get(0)));
+    assertEquals(1, mapList.getFromRanges().size());
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new int[] { 1, 3 },
+            mapList.getToRanges().get(0)));
+    assertEquals(1, mapList.getToRanges().size());
+
+    // V12346 mapped from A33333 starting position 4
+    acf = protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(1)).get(0);
+    assertEquals(1, acf.getdnaSeqs().length);
+    assertEquals(cdna.getSequenceAt(2).getDatasetSequence(),
+            acf.getdnaSeqs()[0]);
+    protMappings = acf.getProtMappings();
+    assertEquals(1, protMappings.length);
+    mapList = protMappings[0].getMap();
+    assertEquals(3, mapList.getFromRatio());
+    assertEquals(1, mapList.getToRatio());
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new int[] { 4, 12 }, mapList.getFromRanges()
+            .get(0)));
+    assertEquals(1, mapList.getFromRanges().size());
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new int[] { 1, 3 },
+            mapList.getToRanges().get(0)));
+    assertEquals(1, mapList.getToRanges().size());
+
+    // V12347 mapped to A11111 starting position 4
+    acf = protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(2)).get(0);
+    assertEquals(1, acf.getdnaSeqs().length);
+    assertEquals(cdna.getSequenceAt(0).getDatasetSequence(),
+            acf.getdnaSeqs()[0]);
+    protMappings = acf.getProtMappings();
+    assertEquals(1, protMappings.length);
+    mapList = protMappings[0].getMap();
+    assertEquals(3, mapList.getFromRatio());
+    assertEquals(1, mapList.getToRatio());
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new int[] { 4, 12 }, mapList.getFromRanges()
+            .get(0)));
+    assertEquals(1, mapList.getFromRanges().size());
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new int[] { 1, 3 },
+            mapList.getToRanges().get(0)));
+    assertEquals(1, mapList.getToRanges().size());
+
+    // no mapping involving the 'extra' A44444
+    assertTrue(protein.getCodonFrame(cdna.getSequenceAt(3)).isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test mapping of protein to cDNA, for the case where we have some sequence
+   * cross-references. Verify that 1-to-many mappings are made where
+   * cross-references exist and sequences are mappable.
+   * 
+   * @throws IOException
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testMapProteinAlignmentToCdna_withXrefs() throws IOException
+  {
+    List<SequenceI> protseqs = new ArrayList<SequenceI>();
+    protseqs.add(new Sequence("UNIPROT|V12345", "EIQ"));
+    protseqs.add(new Sequence("UNIPROT|V12346", "EIQ"));
+    protseqs.add(new Sequence("UNIPROT|V12347", "SAR"));
+    AlignmentI protein = new Alignment(protseqs.toArray(new SequenceI[3]));
+    protein.setDataset(null);
+
+    List<SequenceI> dnaseqs = new ArrayList<SequenceI>();
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A11111", "TCAGCACGC")); // = SAR
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A22222", "ATGGAGATACAA")); // = start + EIQ
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A33333", "GAAATCCAG")); // = EIQ
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A44444", "GAAATTCAG")); // = EIQ
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A55555", "GAGATTCAG")); // = EIQ
+    AlignmentI cdna = new Alignment(dnaseqs.toArray(new SequenceI[5]));
+    cdna.setDataset(null);
+
+    // Xref A22222 to V12345 (should get mapped)
+    dnaseqs.get(1).addDBRef(new DBRefEntry("UNIPROT", "1", "V12345"));
+    // Xref V12345 to A44444 (should get mapped)
+    protseqs.get(0).addDBRef(new DBRefEntry("EMBL", "1", "A44444"));
+    // Xref A33333 to V12347 (sequence mismatch - should not get mapped)
+    dnaseqs.get(2).addDBRef(new DBRefEntry("UNIPROT", "1", "V12347"));
+    // as V12345 is mapped to A22222 and A44444, this leaves V12346 unmapped.
+    // it should get paired up with the unmapped A33333
+    // A11111 should be mapped to V12347
+    // A55555 is spare and has no xref so is not mapped
+
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.mapProteinAlignmentToCdna(protein, cdna));
+
+    // 4 protein mappings made for 3 proteins, 2 to V12345, 1 each to V12346/7
+    assertEquals(3, protein.getCodonFrames().size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(0)).size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(1)).size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(2)).size());
+
+    // one mapping for each of the first 4 cDNA sequences
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(cdna.getSequenceAt(0)).size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(cdna.getSequenceAt(1)).size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(cdna.getSequenceAt(2)).size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(cdna.getSequenceAt(3)).size());
+
+    // V12345 mapped to A22222 and A44444
+    AlignedCodonFrame acf = protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(0))
+            .get(0);
+    assertEquals(2, acf.getdnaSeqs().length);
+    assertEquals(cdna.getSequenceAt(1).getDatasetSequence(),
+            acf.getdnaSeqs()[0]);
+    assertEquals(cdna.getSequenceAt(3).getDatasetSequence(),
+            acf.getdnaSeqs()[1]);
+
+    // V12346 mapped to A33333
+    acf = protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(1)).get(0);
+    assertEquals(1, acf.getdnaSeqs().length);
+    assertEquals(cdna.getSequenceAt(2).getDatasetSequence(),
+            acf.getdnaSeqs()[0]);
+
+    // V12347 mapped to A11111
+    acf = protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(2)).get(0);
+    assertEquals(1, acf.getdnaSeqs().length);
+    assertEquals(cdna.getSequenceAt(0).getDatasetSequence(),
+            acf.getdnaSeqs()[0]);
+
+    // no mapping involving the 'extra' A55555
+    assertTrue(protein.getCodonFrame(cdna.getSequenceAt(4)).isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test mapping of protein to cDNA, for the case where we have some sequence
+   * cross-references. Verify that once we have made an xref mapping we don't
+   * also map un-xrefd sequeces.
+   * 
+   * @throws IOException
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testMapProteinAlignmentToCdna_prioritiseXrefs()
+          throws IOException
+  {
+    List<SequenceI> protseqs = new ArrayList<SequenceI>();
+    protseqs.add(new Sequence("UNIPROT|V12345", "EIQ"));
+    protseqs.add(new Sequence("UNIPROT|V12346", "EIQ"));
+    AlignmentI protein = new Alignment(
+            protseqs.toArray(new SequenceI[protseqs.size()]));
+    protein.setDataset(null);
+
+    List<SequenceI> dnaseqs = new ArrayList<SequenceI>();
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A11111", "GAAATCCAG")); // = EIQ
+    dnaseqs.add(new Sequence("EMBL|A22222", "GAAATTCAG")); // = EIQ
+    AlignmentI cdna = new Alignment(dnaseqs.toArray(new SequenceI[dnaseqs
+            .size()]));
+    cdna.setDataset(null);
+
+    // Xref A22222 to V12345 (should get mapped)
+    // A11111 should then be mapped to the unmapped V12346
+    dnaseqs.get(1).addDBRef(new DBRefEntry("UNIPROT", "1", "V12345"));
+
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.mapProteinAlignmentToCdna(protein, cdna));
+
+    // 2 protein mappings made
+    assertEquals(2, protein.getCodonFrames().size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(0)).size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(1)).size());
+
+    // one mapping for each of the cDNA sequences
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(cdna.getSequenceAt(0)).size());
+    assertEquals(1, protein.getCodonFrame(cdna.getSequenceAt(1)).size());
+
+    // V12345 mapped to A22222
+    AlignedCodonFrame acf = protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(0))
+            .get(0);
+    assertEquals(1, acf.getdnaSeqs().length);
+    assertEquals(cdna.getSequenceAt(1).getDatasetSequence(),
+            acf.getdnaSeqs()[0]);
+
+    // V12346 mapped to A11111
+    acf = protein.getCodonFrame(protein.getSequenceAt(1)).get(0);
+    assertEquals(1, acf.getdnaSeqs().length);
+    assertEquals(cdna.getSequenceAt(0).getDatasetSequence(),
+            acf.getdnaSeqs()[0]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test the method that shows or hides sequence annotations by type(s) and
+   * selection group.
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testShowOrHideSequenceAnnotations()
+  {
+    SequenceI seq1 = new Sequence("Seq1", "AAA");
+    SequenceI seq2 = new Sequence("Seq2", "BBB");
+    SequenceI seq3 = new Sequence("Seq3", "CCC");
+    Annotation[] anns = new Annotation[] { new Annotation(2f) };
+    AlignmentAnnotation ann1 = new AlignmentAnnotation("Structure", "ann1",
+            anns);
+    ann1.setSequenceRef(seq1);
+    AlignmentAnnotation ann2 = new AlignmentAnnotation("Structure", "ann2",
+            anns);
+    ann2.setSequenceRef(seq2);
+    AlignmentAnnotation ann3 = new AlignmentAnnotation("Structure", "ann3",
+            anns);
+    AlignmentAnnotation ann4 = new AlignmentAnnotation("Temp", "ann4", anns);
+    ann4.setSequenceRef(seq1);
+    AlignmentAnnotation ann5 = new AlignmentAnnotation("Temp", "ann5", anns);
+    ann5.setSequenceRef(seq2);
+    AlignmentAnnotation ann6 = new AlignmentAnnotation("Temp", "ann6", anns);
+    AlignmentI al = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { seq1, seq2, seq3 });
+    al.addAnnotation(ann1); // Structure for Seq1
+    al.addAnnotation(ann2); // Structure for Seq2
+    al.addAnnotation(ann3); // Structure for no sequence
+    al.addAnnotation(ann4); // Temp for seq1
+    al.addAnnotation(ann5); // Temp for seq2
+    al.addAnnotation(ann6); // Temp for no sequence
+    List<String> types = new ArrayList<String>();
+    List<SequenceI> scope = new ArrayList<SequenceI>();
+
+    /*
+     * Set all sequence related Structure to hidden (ann1, ann2)
+     */
+    types.add("Structure");
+    AlignmentUtils.showOrHideSequenceAnnotations(al, types, null, false,
+            false);
+    assertFalse(ann1.visible);
+    assertFalse(ann2.visible);
+    assertTrue(ann3.visible); // not sequence-related, not affected
+    assertTrue(ann4.visible); // not Structure, not affected
+    assertTrue(ann5.visible); // "
+    assertTrue(ann6.visible); // not sequence-related, not affected
+
+    /*
+     * Set Temp in {seq1, seq3} to hidden
+     */
+    types.clear();
+    types.add("Temp");
+    scope.add(seq1);
+    scope.add(seq3);
+    AlignmentUtils.showOrHideSequenceAnnotations(al, types, scope, false,
+            false);
+    assertFalse(ann1.visible); // unchanged
+    assertFalse(ann2.visible); // unchanged
+    assertTrue(ann3.visible); // not sequence-related, not affected
+    assertFalse(ann4.visible); // Temp for seq1 hidden
+    assertTrue(ann5.visible); // not in scope, not affected
+    assertTrue(ann6.visible); // not sequence-related, not affected
+
+    /*
+     * Set Temp in all sequences to hidden
+     */
+    types.clear();
+    types.add("Temp");
+    scope.add(seq1);
+    scope.add(seq3);
+    AlignmentUtils.showOrHideSequenceAnnotations(al, types, null, false,
+            false);
+    assertFalse(ann1.visible); // unchanged
+    assertFalse(ann2.visible); // unchanged
+    assertTrue(ann3.visible); // not sequence-related, not affected
+    assertFalse(ann4.visible); // Temp for seq1 hidden
+    assertFalse(ann5.visible); // Temp for seq2 hidden
+    assertTrue(ann6.visible); // not sequence-related, not affected
+
+    /*
+     * Set all types in {seq1, seq3} to visible
+     */
+    types.clear();
+    scope.clear();
+    scope.add(seq1);
+    scope.add(seq3);
+    AlignmentUtils.showOrHideSequenceAnnotations(al, types, scope, true,
+            true);
+    assertTrue(ann1.visible); // Structure for seq1 set visible
+    assertFalse(ann2.visible); // not in scope, unchanged
+    assertTrue(ann3.visible); // not sequence-related, not affected
+    assertTrue(ann4.visible); // Temp for seq1 set visible
+    assertFalse(ann5.visible); // not in scope, unchanged
+    assertTrue(ann6.visible); // not sequence-related, not affected
+
+    /*
+     * Set all types in all scope to hidden
+     */
+    AlignmentUtils.showOrHideSequenceAnnotations(al, types, null, true,
+            false);
+    assertFalse(ann1.visible);
+    assertFalse(ann2.visible);
+    assertTrue(ann3.visible); // not sequence-related, not affected
+    assertFalse(ann4.visible);
+    assertFalse(ann5.visible);
+    assertTrue(ann6.visible); // not sequence-related, not affected
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests for the method that checks if one sequence cross-references another
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testHasCrossRef()
+  {
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.hasCrossRef(null, null));
+    SequenceI seq1 = new Sequence("EMBL|A12345", "ABCDEF");
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.hasCrossRef(seq1, null));
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.hasCrossRef(null, seq1));
+    SequenceI seq2 = new Sequence("UNIPROT|V20192", "ABCDEF");
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.hasCrossRef(seq1, seq2));
+
+    // different ref
+    seq1.addDBRef(new DBRefEntry("UNIPROT", "1", "v20193"));
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.hasCrossRef(seq1, seq2));
+
+    // case-insensitive; version number is ignored
+    seq1.addDBRef(new DBRefEntry("UNIPROT", "1", "v20192"));
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.hasCrossRef(seq1, seq2));
+
+    // right case!
+    seq1.addDBRef(new DBRefEntry("UNIPROT", "1", "V20192"));
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.hasCrossRef(seq1, seq2));
+    // test is one-way only
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.hasCrossRef(seq2, seq1));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests for the method that checks if either sequence cross-references the
+   * other
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testHaveCrossRef()
+  {
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.hasCrossRef(null, null));
+    SequenceI seq1 = new Sequence("EMBL|A12345", "ABCDEF");
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.haveCrossRef(seq1, null));
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.haveCrossRef(null, seq1));
+    SequenceI seq2 = new Sequence("UNIPROT|V20192", "ABCDEF");
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.haveCrossRef(seq1, seq2));
+
+    seq1.addDBRef(new DBRefEntry("UNIPROT", "1", "V20192"));
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.haveCrossRef(seq1, seq2));
+    // next is true for haveCrossRef, false for hasCrossRef
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.haveCrossRef(seq2, seq1));
+
+    // now the other way round
+    seq1.setDBRefs(null);
+    seq2.addDBRef(new DBRefEntry("EMBL", "1", "A12345"));
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.haveCrossRef(seq1, seq2));
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.haveCrossRef(seq2, seq1));
+
+    // now both ways
+    seq1.addDBRef(new DBRefEntry("UNIPROT", "1", "V20192"));
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.haveCrossRef(seq1, seq2));
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.haveCrossRef(seq2, seq1));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test the method that extracts the cds-only part of a dna alignment.
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testMakeCdsAlignment()
+  {
+    /*
+     * scenario:
+     *     dna1 --> [4, 6] [10,12]        --> pep1 
+     *     dna2 --> [1, 3] [7, 9] [13,15] --> pep2
+     */
+    SequenceI dna1 = new Sequence("dna1", "aaaGGGcccTTTaaa");
+    SequenceI dna2 = new Sequence("dna2", "GGGcccTTTaaaCCC");
+    SequenceI pep1 = new Sequence("pep1", "GF");
+    SequenceI pep2 = new Sequence("pep2", "GFP");
+    pep1.addDBRef(new DBRefEntry("UNIPROT", "0", "pep1"));
+    pep2.addDBRef(new DBRefEntry("UNIPROT", "0", "pep2"));
+    dna1.createDatasetSequence();
+    dna2.createDatasetSequence();
+    pep1.createDatasetSequence();
+    pep2.createDatasetSequence();
+    AlignmentI dna = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { dna1, dna2 });
+    dna.setDataset(null);
+
+    /*
+     * put a variant feature on dna2 base 8
+     * - should transfer to cds2 base 5
+     */
+    dna2.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("variant", "hgmd", 8, 8,
+            0f, null));
+
+    /*
+     * need a sourceDbRef if we are to construct dbrefs to the CDS
+     * sequence from the dna contig sequences
+     */
+    DBRefEntry dbref = new DBRefEntry("ENSEMBL", "0", "dna1");
+    dna1.getDatasetSequence().addDBRef(dbref);
+    org.testng.Assert.assertEquals(dbref, dna1.getPrimaryDBRefs().get(0));
+    dbref = new DBRefEntry("ENSEMBL", "0", "dna2");
+    dna2.getDatasetSequence().addDBRef(dbref);
+    org.testng.Assert.assertEquals(dbref, dna2.getPrimaryDBRefs().get(0));
+
+    /*
+     * CDS sequences are 'discovered' from dna-to-protein mappings on the alignment
+     * dataset (e.g. added from dbrefs by CrossRef.findXrefSequences)
+     */
+    MapList mapfordna1 = new MapList(new int[] { 4, 6, 10, 12 }, new int[] {
+        1, 2 }, 3, 1);
+    AlignedCodonFrame acf = new AlignedCodonFrame();
+    acf.addMap(dna1.getDatasetSequence(), pep1.getDatasetSequence(),
+            mapfordna1);
+    dna.addCodonFrame(acf);
+    MapList mapfordna2 = new MapList(new int[] { 1, 3, 7, 9, 13, 15 },
+            new int[] { 1, 3 }, 3, 1);
+    acf = new AlignedCodonFrame();
+    acf.addMap(dna2.getDatasetSequence(), pep2.getDatasetSequence(),
+            mapfordna2);
+    dna.addCodonFrame(acf);
+
+    /*
+     * In this case, mappings originally came from matching Uniprot accessions - so need an xref on dna involving those regions. These are normally constructed from CDS annotation
+     */
+    DBRefEntry dna1xref = new DBRefEntry("UNIPROT", "ENSEMBL", "pep1",
+            new Mapping(mapfordna1));
+    dna1.getDatasetSequence().addDBRef(dna1xref);
+    DBRefEntry dna2xref = new DBRefEntry("UNIPROT", "ENSEMBL", "pep2",
+            new Mapping(mapfordna2));
+    dna2.getDatasetSequence().addDBRef(dna2xref);
+
+    /*
+     * execute method under test:
+     */
+    AlignmentI cds = AlignmentUtils.makeCdsAlignment(new SequenceI[] {
+        dna1, dna2 }, dna.getDataset(), null);
+
+    /*
+     * verify cds sequences
+     */
+    assertEquals(2, cds.getSequences().size());
+    assertEquals("GGGTTT", cds.getSequenceAt(0).getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals("GGGTTTCCC", cds.getSequenceAt(1).getSequenceAsString());
+
+    /*
+     * verify shared, extended alignment dataset
+     */
+    assertSame(dna.getDataset(), cds.getDataset());
+    SequenceI cds1Dss = cds.getSequenceAt(0).getDatasetSequence();
+    SequenceI cds2Dss = cds.getSequenceAt(1).getDatasetSequence();
+    assertTrue(dna.getDataset().getSequences().contains(cds1Dss));
+    assertTrue(dna.getDataset().getSequences().contains(cds2Dss));
+
+    /*
+     * verify CDS has a dbref with mapping to peptide
+     */
+    assertNotNull(cds1Dss.getDBRefs());
+    assertEquals(2, cds1Dss.getDBRefs().length);
+    dbref = cds1Dss.getDBRefs()[0];
+    assertEquals(dna1xref.getSource(), dbref.getSource());
+    // version is via ensembl's primary ref
+    assertEquals(dna1xref.getVersion(), dbref.getVersion());
+    assertEquals(dna1xref.getAccessionId(), dbref.getAccessionId());
+    assertNotNull(dbref.getMap());
+    assertSame(pep1.getDatasetSequence(), dbref.getMap().getTo());
+    MapList cdsMapping = new MapList(new int[] { 1, 6 },
+            new int[] { 1, 2 }, 3, 1);
+    assertEquals(cdsMapping, dbref.getMap().getMap());
+
+    /*
+     * verify peptide has added a dbref with reverse mapping to CDS
+     */
+    assertNotNull(pep1.getDBRefs());
+    // FIXME pep1.getDBRefs() is 1 - is that the correct behaviour ?
+    assertEquals(2, pep1.getDBRefs().length);
+    dbref = pep1.getDBRefs()[1];
+    assertEquals("ENSEMBL", dbref.getSource());
+    assertEquals("0", dbref.getVersion());
+    assertEquals("CDS|dna1", dbref.getAccessionId());
+    assertNotNull(dbref.getMap());
+    assertSame(cds1Dss, dbref.getMap().getTo());
+    assertEquals(cdsMapping.getInverse(), dbref.getMap().getMap());
+
+    /*
+     * Verify mappings from CDS to peptide, cDNA to CDS, and cDNA to peptide
+     * the mappings are on the shared alignment dataset
+     * 6 mappings, 2*(DNA->CDS), 2*(DNA->Pep), 2*(CDS->Pep) 
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> cdsMappings = cds.getDataset().getCodonFrames();
+    assertEquals(6, cdsMappings.size());
+
+    /*
+     * verify that mapping sets for dna and cds alignments are different
+     * [not current behaviour - all mappings are on the alignment dataset]  
+     */
+    // select -> subselect type to test.
+    // Assert.assertNotSame(dna.getCodonFrames(), cds.getCodonFrames());
+    // assertEquals(4, dna.getCodonFrames().size());
+    // assertEquals(4, cds.getCodonFrames().size());
+
+    /*
+     * Two mappings involve pep1 (dna to pep1, cds to pep1)
+     * Mapping from pep1 to GGGTTT in first new exon sequence
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> pep1Mappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(pep1, cdsMappings);
+    assertEquals(2, pep1Mappings.size());
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> mappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(cds.getSequenceAt(0), pep1Mappings);
+    assertEquals(1, mappings.size());
+
+    // map G to GGG
+    SearchResults sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep1, 1, mappings);
+    assertEquals(1, sr.getResults().size());
+    Match m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertSame(cds1Dss, m.getSequence());
+    assertEquals(1, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(3, m.getEnd());
+    // map F to TTT
+    sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep1, 2, mappings);
+    m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertSame(cds1Dss, m.getSequence());
+    assertEquals(4, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(6, m.getEnd());
+
+    /*
+     * Two mappings involve pep2 (dna to pep2, cds to pep2)
+     * Verify mapping from pep2 to GGGTTTCCC in second new exon sequence
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> pep2Mappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(pep2, cdsMappings);
+    assertEquals(2, pep2Mappings.size());
+    mappings = MappingUtils.findMappingsForSequence(cds.getSequenceAt(1),
+            pep2Mappings);
+    assertEquals(1, mappings.size());
+    // map G to GGG
+    sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep2, 1, mappings);
+    assertEquals(1, sr.getResults().size());
+    m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertSame(cds2Dss, m.getSequence());
+    assertEquals(1, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(3, m.getEnd());
+    // map F to TTT
+    sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep2, 2, mappings);
+    m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertSame(cds2Dss, m.getSequence());
+    assertEquals(4, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(6, m.getEnd());
+    // map P to CCC
+    sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep2, 3, mappings);
+    m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertSame(cds2Dss, m.getSequence());
+    assertEquals(7, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(9, m.getEnd());
+
+    /*
+     * check cds2 acquired a variant feature in position 5
+     */
+    SequenceFeature[] sfs = cds2Dss.getSequenceFeatures();
+    assertNotNull(sfs);
+    assertEquals(1, sfs.length);
+    assertEquals("variant", sfs[0].type);
+    assertEquals(5, sfs[0].begin);
+    assertEquals(5, sfs[0].end);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test the method that makes a cds-only alignment from a DNA sequence and its
+   * product mappings, for the case where there are multiple exon mappings to
+   * different protein products.
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testMakeCdsAlignment_multipleProteins()
+  {
+    SequenceI dna1 = new Sequence("dna1", "aaaGGGcccTTTaaa");
+    SequenceI pep1 = new Sequence("pep1", "GF"); // GGGTTT
+    SequenceI pep2 = new Sequence("pep2", "KP"); // aaaccc
+    SequenceI pep3 = new Sequence("pep3", "KF"); // aaaTTT
+    dna1.createDatasetSequence();
+    pep1.createDatasetSequence();
+    pep2.createDatasetSequence();
+    pep3.createDatasetSequence();
+    pep1.getDatasetSequence().addDBRef(
+            new DBRefEntry("EMBLCDS", "2", "A12345"));
+    pep2.getDatasetSequence().addDBRef(
+            new DBRefEntry("EMBLCDS", "3", "A12346"));
+    pep3.getDatasetSequence().addDBRef(
+            new DBRefEntry("EMBLCDS", "4", "A12347"));
+
+    /*
+     * Create the CDS alignment
+     */
+    AlignmentI dna = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { dna1 });
+    dna.setDataset(null);
+
+    /*
+     * Make the mappings from dna to protein
+     */
+    // map ...GGG...TTT to GF
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 4, 6, 10, 12 },
+            new int[] { 1, 2 }, 3, 1);
+    AlignedCodonFrame acf = new AlignedCodonFrame();
+    acf.addMap(dna1.getDatasetSequence(), pep1.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+    dna.addCodonFrame(acf);
+
+    // map aaa...ccc to KP
+    map = new MapList(new int[] { 1, 3, 7, 9 }, new int[] { 1, 2 }, 3, 1);
+    acf = new AlignedCodonFrame();
+    acf.addMap(dna1.getDatasetSequence(), pep2.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+    dna.addCodonFrame(acf);
+
+    // map aaa......TTT to KF
+    map = new MapList(new int[] { 1, 3, 10, 12 }, new int[] { 1, 2 }, 3, 1);
+    acf = new AlignedCodonFrame();
+    acf.addMap(dna1.getDatasetSequence(), pep3.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+    dna.addCodonFrame(acf);
+
+    /*
+     * execute method under test
+     */
+    AlignmentI cdsal = AlignmentUtils.makeCdsAlignment(
+            new SequenceI[] { dna1 }, dna.getDataset(), null);
+
+    /*
+     * Verify we have 3 cds sequences, mapped to pep1/2/3 respectively
+     */
+    List<SequenceI> cds = cdsal.getSequences();
+    assertEquals(3, cds.size());
+
+    /*
+     * verify shared, extended alignment dataset
+     */
+    assertSame(cdsal.getDataset(), dna.getDataset());
+    assertTrue(dna.getDataset().getSequences()
+            .contains(cds.get(0).getDatasetSequence()));
+    assertTrue(dna.getDataset().getSequences()
+            .contains(cds.get(1).getDatasetSequence()));
+    assertTrue(dna.getDataset().getSequences()
+            .contains(cds.get(2).getDatasetSequence()));
+
+    /*
+     * verify aligned cds sequences and their xrefs
+     */
+    SequenceI cdsSeq = cds.get(0);
+    assertEquals("GGGTTT", cdsSeq.getSequenceAsString());
+    // assertEquals("dna1|A12345", cdsSeq.getName());
+    assertEquals("CDS|dna1", cdsSeq.getName());
+    // assertEquals(1, cdsSeq.getDBRefs().length);
+    // DBRefEntry cdsRef = cdsSeq.getDBRefs()[0];
+    // assertEquals("EMBLCDS", cdsRef.getSource());
+    // assertEquals("2", cdsRef.getVersion());
+    // assertEquals("A12345", cdsRef.getAccessionId());
+
+    cdsSeq = cds.get(1);
+    assertEquals("aaaccc", cdsSeq.getSequenceAsString());
+    // assertEquals("dna1|A12346", cdsSeq.getName());
+    assertEquals("CDS|dna1", cdsSeq.getName());
+    // assertEquals(1, cdsSeq.getDBRefs().length);
+    // cdsRef = cdsSeq.getDBRefs()[0];
+    // assertEquals("EMBLCDS", cdsRef.getSource());
+    // assertEquals("3", cdsRef.getVersion());
+    // assertEquals("A12346", cdsRef.getAccessionId());
+
+    cdsSeq = cds.get(2);
+    assertEquals("aaaTTT", cdsSeq.getSequenceAsString());
+    // assertEquals("dna1|A12347", cdsSeq.getName());
+    assertEquals("CDS|dna1", cdsSeq.getName());
+    // assertEquals(1, cdsSeq.getDBRefs().length);
+    // cdsRef = cdsSeq.getDBRefs()[0];
+    // assertEquals("EMBLCDS", cdsRef.getSource());
+    // assertEquals("4", cdsRef.getVersion());
+    // assertEquals("A12347", cdsRef.getAccessionId());
+
+    /*
+     * Verify there are mappings from each cds sequence to its protein product
+     * and also to its dna source
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> newMappings = cdsal.getCodonFrames();
+
+    /*
+     * 6 mappings involve dna1 (to pep1/2/3, cds1/2/3) 
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> dnaMappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(dna1, newMappings);
+    assertEquals(6, dnaMappings.size());
+
+    /*
+     * dna1 to pep1
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> mappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(pep1, dnaMappings);
+    assertEquals(1, mappings.size());
+    assertEquals(1, mappings.get(0).getMappings().size());
+    assertSame(pep1.getDatasetSequence(), mappings.get(0).getMappings()
+            .get(0).getMapping().getTo());
+
+    /*
+     * dna1 to cds1
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> dnaToCds1Mappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(cds.get(0), dnaMappings);
+    Mapping mapping = dnaToCds1Mappings.get(0).getMappings().get(0)
+            .getMapping();
+    assertSame(cds.get(0).getDatasetSequence(), mapping.getTo());
+    assertEquals("G(1) in CDS should map to G(4) in DNA", 4, mapping
+            .getMap().getToPosition(1));
+
+    /*
+     * dna1 to pep2
+     */
+    mappings = MappingUtils.findMappingsForSequence(pep2, dnaMappings);
+    assertEquals(1, mappings.size());
+    assertEquals(1, mappings.get(0).getMappings().size());
+    assertSame(pep2.getDatasetSequence(), mappings.get(0).getMappings()
+            .get(0).getMapping().getTo());
+
+    /*
+     * dna1 to cds2
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> dnaToCds2Mappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(cds.get(1), dnaMappings);
+    mapping = dnaToCds2Mappings.get(0).getMappings().get(0).getMapping();
+    assertSame(cds.get(1).getDatasetSequence(), mapping.getTo());
+    assertEquals("c(4) in CDS should map to c(7) in DNA", 7, mapping
+            .getMap().getToPosition(4));
+
+    /*
+     * dna1 to pep3
+     */
+    mappings = MappingUtils.findMappingsForSequence(pep3, dnaMappings);
+    assertEquals(1, mappings.size());
+    assertEquals(1, mappings.get(0).getMappings().size());
+    assertSame(pep3.getDatasetSequence(), mappings.get(0).getMappings()
+            .get(0).getMapping().getTo());
+
+    /*
+     * dna1 to cds3
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> dnaToCds3Mappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(cds.get(2), dnaMappings);
+    mapping = dnaToCds3Mappings.get(0).getMappings().get(0).getMapping();
+    assertSame(cds.get(2).getDatasetSequence(), mapping.getTo());
+    assertEquals("T(4) in CDS should map to T(10) in DNA", 10, mapping
+            .getMap().getToPosition(4));
+  }
+
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testIsMappable()
+  {
+    SequenceI dna1 = new Sequence("dna1", "cgCAGtgGT");
+    SequenceI aa1 = new Sequence("aa1", "RSG");
+    AlignmentI al1 = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { dna1 });
+    AlignmentI al2 = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { aa1 });
+
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.isMappable(null, null));
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.isMappable(al1, null));
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.isMappable(null, al1));
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.isMappable(al1, al1));
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.isMappable(al2, al2));
+
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.isMappable(al1, al2));
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.isMappable(al2, al1));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test creating a mapping when the sequences involved do not start at residue
+   * 1
+   * 
+   * @throws IOException
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testMapCdnaToProtein_forSubsequence() throws IOException
+  {
+    SequenceI prot = new Sequence("UNIPROT|V12345", "E-I--Q", 10, 12);
+    prot.createDatasetSequence();
+
+    SequenceI dna = new Sequence("EMBL|A33333", "GAA--AT-C-CAG", 40, 48);
+    dna.createDatasetSequence();
+
+    MapList map = AlignmentUtils.mapCdnaToProtein(prot, dna);
+    assertEquals(10, map.getToLowest());
+    assertEquals(12, map.getToHighest());
+    assertEquals(40, map.getFromLowest());
+    assertEquals(48, map.getFromHighest());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test for the alignSequenceAs method where we have protein mapped to protein
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testAlignSequenceAs_mappedProteinProtein()
+  {
+
+    SequenceI alignMe = new Sequence("Match", "MGAASEV");
+    alignMe.createDatasetSequence();
+    SequenceI alignFrom = new Sequence("Query", "LQTGYMGAASEVMFSPTRR");
+    alignFrom.createDatasetSequence();
+
+    AlignedCodonFrame acf = new AlignedCodonFrame();
+    // this is like a domain or motif match of part of a peptide sequence
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 6, 12 }, new int[] { 1, 7 }, 1, 1);
+    acf.addMap(alignFrom.getDatasetSequence(),
+            alignMe.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+
+    AlignmentUtils.alignSequenceAs(alignMe, alignFrom, acf, "-", '-', true,
+            true);
+    assertEquals("-----MGAASEV-------", alignMe.getSequenceAsString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test for the alignSequenceAs method where there are trailing unmapped
+   * residues in the model sequence
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testAlignSequenceAs_withTrailingPeptide()
+  {
+    // map first 3 codons to KPF; G is a trailing unmapped residue
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 1, 9 }, new int[] { 1, 3 }, 3, 1);
+
+    checkAlignSequenceAs("AAACCCTTT", "K-PFG", true, true, map,
+            "AAA---CCCTTT---");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests for transferring features between mapped sequences
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testTransferFeatures()
+  {
+    SequenceI dna = new Sequence("dna/20-34", "acgTAGcaaGCCcgt");
+    SequenceI cds = new Sequence("cds/10-15", "TAGGCC");
+
+    // no overlap
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type1", "desc1", 1, 2, 1f,
+            null));
+    // partial overlap - to [1, 1]
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type2", "desc2", 3, 4, 2f,
+            null));
+    // exact overlap - to [1, 3]
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type3", "desc3", 4, 6, 3f,
+            null));
+    // spanning overlap - to [2, 5]
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type4", "desc4", 5, 11, 4f,
+            null));
+    // exactly overlaps whole mapped range [1, 6]
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type5", "desc5", 4, 12, 5f,
+            null));
+    // no overlap (internal)
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type6", "desc6", 7, 9, 6f,
+            null));
+    // no overlap (3' end)
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type7", "desc7", 13, 15,
+            7f, null));
+    // overlap (3' end) - to [6, 6]
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type8", "desc8", 12, 12,
+            8f, null));
+    // extended overlap - to [6, +]
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type9", "desc9", 12, 13,
+            9f, null));
+
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 4, 6, 10, 12 },
+            new int[] { 1, 6 }, 1, 1);
+
+    /*
+     * transferFeatures() will build 'partial overlap' for regions
+     * that partially overlap 5' or 3' (start or end) of target sequence
+     */
+    AlignmentUtils.transferFeatures(dna, cds, map, null);
+    SequenceFeature[] sfs = cds.getSequenceFeatures();
+    assertEquals(6, sfs.length);
+
+    SequenceFeature sf = sfs[0];
+    assertEquals("type2", sf.getType());
+    assertEquals("desc2", sf.getDescription());
+    assertEquals(2f, sf.getScore());
+    assertEquals(1, sf.getBegin());
+    assertEquals(1, sf.getEnd());
+
+    sf = sfs[1];
+    assertEquals("type3", sf.getType());
+    assertEquals("desc3", sf.getDescription());
+    assertEquals(3f, sf.getScore());
+    assertEquals(1, sf.getBegin());
+    assertEquals(3, sf.getEnd());
+
+    sf = sfs[2];
+    assertEquals("type4", sf.getType());
+    assertEquals(2, sf.getBegin());
+    assertEquals(5, sf.getEnd());
+
+    sf = sfs[3];
+    assertEquals("type5", sf.getType());
+    assertEquals(1, sf.getBegin());
+    assertEquals(6, sf.getEnd());
+
+    sf = sfs[4];
+    assertEquals("type8", sf.getType());
+    assertEquals(6, sf.getBegin());
+    assertEquals(6, sf.getEnd());
+
+    sf = sfs[5];
+    assertEquals("type9", sf.getType());
+    assertEquals(6, sf.getBegin());
+    assertEquals(6, sf.getEnd());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests for transferring features between mapped sequences
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testTransferFeatures_withOmit()
+  {
+    SequenceI dna = new Sequence("dna/20-34", "acgTAGcaaGCCcgt");
+    SequenceI cds = new Sequence("cds/10-15", "TAGGCC");
+
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 4, 6, 10, 12 },
+            new int[] { 1, 6 }, 1, 1);
+
+    // [5, 11] maps to [2, 5]
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type4", "desc4", 5, 11, 4f,
+            null));
+    // [4, 12] maps to [1, 6]
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type5", "desc5", 4, 12, 5f,
+            null));
+    // [12, 12] maps to [6, 6]
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type8", "desc8", 12, 12,
+            8f, null));
+
+    // desc4 and desc8 are the 'omit these' varargs
+    AlignmentUtils.transferFeatures(dna, cds, map, null, "type4", "type8");
+    SequenceFeature[] sfs = cds.getSequenceFeatures();
+    assertEquals(1, sfs.length);
+
+    SequenceFeature sf = sfs[0];
+    assertEquals("type5", sf.getType());
+    assertEquals(1, sf.getBegin());
+    assertEquals(6, sf.getEnd());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests for transferring features between mapped sequences
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testTransferFeatures_withSelect()
+  {
+    SequenceI dna = new Sequence("dna/20-34", "acgTAGcaaGCCcgt");
+    SequenceI cds = new Sequence("cds/10-15", "TAGGCC");
+
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 4, 6, 10, 12 },
+            new int[] { 1, 6 }, 1, 1);
+
+    // [5, 11] maps to [2, 5]
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type4", "desc4", 5, 11, 4f,
+            null));
+    // [4, 12] maps to [1, 6]
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type5", "desc5", 4, 12, 5f,
+            null));
+    // [12, 12] maps to [6, 6]
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(new SequenceFeature("type8", "desc8", 12, 12,
+            8f, null));
+
+    // "type5" is the 'select this type' argument
+    AlignmentUtils.transferFeatures(dna, cds, map, "type5");
+    SequenceFeature[] sfs = cds.getSequenceFeatures();
+    assertEquals(1, sfs.length);
+
+    SequenceFeature sf = sfs[0];
+    assertEquals("type5", sf.getType());
+    assertEquals(1, sf.getBegin());
+    assertEquals(6, sf.getEnd());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test the method that extracts the cds-only part of a dna alignment, for the
+   * case where the cds should be aligned to match its nucleotide sequence.
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testMakeCdsAlignment_alternativeTranscripts()
+  {
+    SequenceI dna1 = new Sequence("dna1", "aaaGGGCC-----CTTTaaaGGG");
+    // alternative transcript of same dna skips CCC codon
+    SequenceI dna2 = new Sequence("dna2", "aaaGGGCC-----cttTaaaGGG");
+    // dna3 has no mapping (protein product) so should be ignored here
+    SequenceI dna3 = new Sequence("dna3", "aaaGGGCCCCCGGGcttTaaaGGG");
+    SequenceI pep1 = new Sequence("pep1", "GPFG");
+    SequenceI pep2 = new Sequence("pep2", "GPG");
+    dna1.createDatasetSequence();
+    dna2.createDatasetSequence();
+    dna3.createDatasetSequence();
+    pep1.createDatasetSequence();
+    pep2.createDatasetSequence();
+
+    AlignmentI dna = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { dna1, dna2, dna3 });
+    dna.setDataset(null);
+
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 4, 12, 16, 18 },
+            new int[] { 1, 4 }, 3, 1);
+    AlignedCodonFrame acf = new AlignedCodonFrame();
+    acf.addMap(dna1.getDatasetSequence(), pep1.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+    dna.addCodonFrame(acf);
+    map = new MapList(new int[] { 4, 8, 12, 12, 16, 18 },
+            new int[] { 1, 3 }, 3, 1);
+    acf = new AlignedCodonFrame();
+    acf.addMap(dna2.getDatasetSequence(), pep2.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+    dna.addCodonFrame(acf);
+
+    AlignmentI cds = AlignmentUtils.makeCdsAlignment(new SequenceI[] {
+        dna1, dna2, dna3 }, dna.getDataset(), null);
+    List<SequenceI> cdsSeqs = cds.getSequences();
+    assertEquals(2, cdsSeqs.size());
+    assertEquals("GGGCCCTTTGGG", cdsSeqs.get(0).getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals("GGGCCTGGG", cdsSeqs.get(1).getSequenceAsString());
+
+    /*
+     * verify shared, extended alignment dataset
+     */
+    assertSame(dna.getDataset(), cds.getDataset());
+    assertTrue(dna.getDataset().getSequences()
+            .contains(cdsSeqs.get(0).getDatasetSequence()));
+    assertTrue(dna.getDataset().getSequences()
+            .contains(cdsSeqs.get(1).getDatasetSequence()));
+
+    /*
+     * Verify 6 mappings: dna1 to cds1, cds1 to pep1, dna1 to pep1
+     * and the same for dna2/cds2/pep2
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> mappings = cds.getCodonFrames();
+    assertEquals(6, mappings.size());
+
+    /*
+     * 2 mappings involve pep1
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> pep1Mappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(pep1, mappings);
+    assertEquals(2, pep1Mappings.size());
+
+    /*
+     * Get mapping of pep1 to cds1 and verify it
+     * maps GPFG to 1-3,4-6,7-9,10-12
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> pep1CdsMappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(cds.getSequenceAt(0), pep1Mappings);
+    assertEquals(1, pep1CdsMappings.size());
+    SearchResults sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep1, 1,
+            pep1CdsMappings);
+    assertEquals(1, sr.getResults().size());
+    Match m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertEquals(cds.getSequenceAt(0).getDatasetSequence(), m.getSequence());
+    assertEquals(1, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(3, m.getEnd());
+    sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep1, 2, pep1CdsMappings);
+    m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertEquals(4, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(6, m.getEnd());
+    sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep1, 3, pep1CdsMappings);
+    m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertEquals(7, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(9, m.getEnd());
+    sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep1, 4, pep1CdsMappings);
+    m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertEquals(10, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(12, m.getEnd());
+
+    /*
+     * Get mapping of pep2 to cds2 and verify it
+     * maps GPG in pep2 to 1-3,4-6,7-9 in second CDS sequence
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> pep2Mappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(pep2, mappings);
+    assertEquals(2, pep2Mappings.size());
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> pep2CdsMappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(cds.getSequenceAt(1), pep2Mappings);
+    assertEquals(1, pep2CdsMappings.size());
+    sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep2, 1, pep2CdsMappings);
+    assertEquals(1, sr.getResults().size());
+    m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertEquals(cds.getSequenceAt(1).getDatasetSequence(), m.getSequence());
+    assertEquals(1, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(3, m.getEnd());
+    sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep2, 2, pep2CdsMappings);
+    m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertEquals(4, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(6, m.getEnd());
+    sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep2, 3, pep2CdsMappings);
+    m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertEquals(7, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(9, m.getEnd());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test the method that realigns protein to match mapped codon alignment.
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testAlignProteinAsDna_incompleteStartCodon()
+  {
+    // seq1: incomplete start codon (not mapped), then [3, 11]
+    SequenceI dna1 = new Sequence("Seq1", "ccAAA-TTT-GGG-");
+    // seq2 codons are [4, 5], [8, 11]
+    SequenceI dna2 = new Sequence("Seq2", "ccaAA-ttT-GGG-");
+    // seq3 incomplete start codon at 'tt'
+    SequenceI dna3 = new Sequence("Seq3", "ccaaa-ttt-GGG-");
+    AlignmentI dna = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { dna1, dna2, dna3 });
+    dna.setDataset(null);
+
+    // prot1 has 'X' for incomplete start codon (not mapped)
+    SequenceI prot1 = new Sequence("Seq1", "XKFG"); // X for incomplete start
+    SequenceI prot2 = new Sequence("Seq2", "NG");
+    SequenceI prot3 = new Sequence("Seq3", "XG"); // X for incomplete start
+    AlignmentI protein = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { prot1, prot2,
+        prot3 });
+    protein.setDataset(null);
+
+    // map dna1 [3, 11] to prot1 [2, 4] KFG
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 3, 11 }, new int[] { 2, 4 }, 3, 1);
+    AlignedCodonFrame acf = new AlignedCodonFrame();
+    acf.addMap(dna1.getDatasetSequence(), prot1.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+
+    // map dna2 [4, 5] [8, 11] to prot2 [1, 2] NG
+    map = new MapList(new int[] { 4, 5, 8, 11 }, new int[] { 1, 2 }, 3, 1);
+    acf.addMap(dna2.getDatasetSequence(), prot2.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+
+    // map dna3 [9, 11] to prot3 [2, 2] G
+    map = new MapList(new int[] { 9, 11 }, new int[] { 2, 2 }, 3, 1);
+    acf.addMap(dna3.getDatasetSequence(), prot3.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+
+    ArrayList<AlignedCodonFrame> acfs = new ArrayList<AlignedCodonFrame>();
+    acfs.add(acf);
+    protein.setCodonFrames(acfs);
+
+    /*
+     * verify X is included in the aligned proteins, and placed just
+     * before the first mapped residue 
+     * CCT is between CCC and TTT
+     */
+    AlignmentUtils.alignProteinAsDna(protein, dna);
+    assertEquals("XK-FG", prot1.getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals("--N-G", prot2.getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals("---XG", prot3.getSequenceAsString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests for the method that maps the subset of a dna sequence that has CDS
+   * (or subtype) feature - case where the start codon is incomplete.
+   */
+  @Test(groups = "Functional")
+  public void testFindCdsPositions_fivePrimeIncomplete()
+  {
+    SequenceI dnaSeq = new Sequence("dna", "aaagGGCCCaaaTTTttt");
+    dnaSeq.createDatasetSequence();
+    SequenceI ds = dnaSeq.getDatasetSequence();
+
+    // CDS for dna 5-6 (incomplete codon), 7-9
+    SequenceFeature sf = new SequenceFeature("CDS", "", 5, 9, 0f, null);
+    sf.setPhase("2"); // skip 2 bases to start of next codon
+    ds.addSequenceFeature(sf);
+    // CDS for dna 13-15
+    sf = new SequenceFeature("CDS_predicted", "", 13, 15, 0f, null);
+    ds.addSequenceFeature(sf);
+
+    List<int[]> ranges = AlignmentUtils.findCdsPositions(dnaSeq);
+
+    /*
+     * check the mapping starts with the first complete codon
+     */
+    assertEquals(6, MappingUtils.getLength(ranges));
+    assertEquals(2, ranges.size());
+    assertEquals(7, ranges.get(0)[0]);
+    assertEquals(9, ranges.get(0)[1]);
+    assertEquals(13, ranges.get(1)[0]);
+    assertEquals(15, ranges.get(1)[1]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests for the method that maps the subset of a dna sequence that has CDS
+   * (or subtype) feature.
+   */
+  @Test(groups = "Functional")
+  public void testFindCdsPositions()
+  {
+    SequenceI dnaSeq = new Sequence("dna", "aaaGGGcccAAATTTttt");
+    dnaSeq.createDatasetSequence();
+    SequenceI ds = dnaSeq.getDatasetSequence();
+
+    // CDS for dna 10-12
+    SequenceFeature sf = new SequenceFeature("CDS_predicted", "", 10, 12,
+            0f, null);
+    sf.setStrand("+");
+    ds.addSequenceFeature(sf);
+    // CDS for dna 4-6
+    sf = new SequenceFeature("CDS", "", 4, 6, 0f, null);
+    sf.setStrand("+");
+    ds.addSequenceFeature(sf);
+    // exon feature should be ignored here
+    sf = new SequenceFeature("exon", "", 7, 9, 0f, null);
+    ds.addSequenceFeature(sf);
+
+    List<int[]> ranges = AlignmentUtils.findCdsPositions(dnaSeq);
+    /*
+     * verify ranges { [4-6], [12-10] }
+     * note CDS ranges are ordered ascending even if the CDS
+     * features are not
+     */
+    assertEquals(6, MappingUtils.getLength(ranges));
+    assertEquals(2, ranges.size());
+    assertEquals(4, ranges.get(0)[0]);
+    assertEquals(6, ranges.get(0)[1]);
+    assertEquals(10, ranges.get(1)[0]);
+    assertEquals(12, ranges.get(1)[1]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test the method that computes a map of codon variants for each protein
+   * position from "sequence_variant" features on dna
+   */
+  @Test(groups = "Functional")
+  public void testBuildDnaVariantsMap()
+  {
+    SequenceI dna = new Sequence("dna", "atgAAATTTGGGCCCtag");
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 1, 18 }, new int[] { 1, 5 }, 3, 1);
+
+    /*
+     * first with no variants on dna
+     */
+    LinkedHashMap<Integer, List<DnaVariant>[]> variantsMap = AlignmentUtils
+            .buildDnaVariantsMap(dna, map);
+    assertTrue(variantsMap.isEmpty());
+
+    /*
+     * single allele codon 1, on base 1
+     */
+    SequenceFeature sf1 = new SequenceFeature("sequence_variant", "", 1, 1,
+            0f, null);
+    sf1.setValue("alleles", "T");
+    sf1.setValue("ID", "sequence_variant:rs758803211");
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(sf1);
+
+    /*
+     * two alleles codon 2, on bases 2 and 3 (distinct variants)
+     */
+    SequenceFeature sf2 = new SequenceFeature("sequence_variant", "", 5, 5,
+            0f, null);
+    sf2.setValue("alleles", "T");
+    sf2.setValue("ID", "sequence_variant:rs758803212");
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(sf2);
+    SequenceFeature sf3 = new SequenceFeature("sequence_variant", "", 6, 6,
+            0f, null);
+    sf3.setValue("alleles", "G");
+    sf3.setValue("ID", "sequence_variant:rs758803213");
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(sf3);
+
+    /*
+     * two alleles codon 3, both on base 2 (one variant)
+     */
+    SequenceFeature sf4 = new SequenceFeature("sequence_variant", "", 8, 8,
+            0f, null);
+    sf4.setValue("alleles", "C, G");
+    sf4.setValue("ID", "sequence_variant:rs758803214");
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(sf4);
+
+    // no alleles on codon 4
+
+    /*
+     * alleles on codon 5 on all 3 bases (distinct variants)
+     */
+    SequenceFeature sf5 = new SequenceFeature("sequence_variant", "", 13,
+            13, 0f, null);
+    sf5.setValue("alleles", "C, G"); // (C duplicates given base value)
+    sf5.setValue("ID", "sequence_variant:rs758803215");
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(sf5);
+    SequenceFeature sf6 = new SequenceFeature("sequence_variant", "", 14,
+            14, 0f, null);
+    sf6.setValue("alleles", "g, a"); // should force to upper-case
+    sf6.setValue("ID", "sequence_variant:rs758803216");
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(sf6);
+    SequenceFeature sf7 = new SequenceFeature("sequence_variant", "", 15,
+            15, 0f, null);
+    sf7.setValue("alleles", "A, T");
+    sf7.setValue("ID", "sequence_variant:rs758803217");
+    dna.addSequenceFeature(sf7);
+
+    /*
+     * build map - expect variants on positions 1, 2, 3, 5
+     */
+    variantsMap = AlignmentUtils.buildDnaVariantsMap(dna, map);
+    assertEquals(4, variantsMap.size());
+
+    /*
+     * protein residue 1: variant on codon (ATG) base 1, not on 2 or 3
+     */
+    List<DnaVariant>[] pep1Variants = variantsMap.get(1);
+    assertEquals(3, pep1Variants.length);
+    assertEquals(1, pep1Variants[0].size());
+    assertEquals("A", pep1Variants[0].get(0).base); // codon[1] base
+    assertSame(sf1, pep1Variants[0].get(0).variant); // codon[1] variant
+    assertEquals(1, pep1Variants[1].size());
+    assertEquals("T", pep1Variants[1].get(0).base); // codon[2] base
+    assertNull(pep1Variants[1].get(0).variant); // no variant here
+    assertEquals(1, pep1Variants[2].size());
+    assertEquals("G", pep1Variants[2].get(0).base); // codon[3] base
+    assertNull(pep1Variants[2].get(0).variant); // no variant here
+
+    /*
+     * protein residue 2: variants on codon (AAA) bases 2 and 3
+     */
+    List<DnaVariant>[] pep2Variants = variantsMap.get(2);
+    assertEquals(3, pep2Variants.length);
+    assertEquals(1, pep2Variants[0].size());
+    // codon[1] base recorded while processing variant on codon[2]
+    assertEquals("A", pep2Variants[0].get(0).base);
+    assertNull(pep2Variants[0].get(0).variant); // no variant here
+    // codon[2] base and variant:
+    assertEquals(1, pep2Variants[1].size());
+    assertEquals("A", pep2Variants[1].get(0).base);
+    assertSame(sf2, pep2Variants[1].get(0).variant);
+    // codon[3] base was recorded when processing codon[2] variant
+    // and then the variant for codon[3] added to it
+    assertEquals(1, pep2Variants[2].size());
+    assertEquals("A", pep2Variants[2].get(0).base);
+    assertSame(sf3, pep2Variants[2].get(0).variant);
+
+    /*
+     * protein residue 3: variants on codon (TTT) base 2 only
+     */
+    List<DnaVariant>[] pep3Variants = variantsMap.get(3);
+    assertEquals(3, pep3Variants.length);
+    assertEquals(1, pep3Variants[0].size());
+    assertEquals("T", pep3Variants[0].get(0).base); // codon[1] base
+    assertNull(pep3Variants[0].get(0).variant); // no variant here
+    assertEquals(1, pep3Variants[1].size());
+    assertEquals("T", pep3Variants[1].get(0).base); // codon[2] base
+    assertSame(sf4, pep3Variants[1].get(0).variant); // codon[2] variant
+    assertEquals(1, pep3Variants[2].size());
+    assertEquals("T", pep3Variants[2].get(0).base); // codon[3] base
+    assertNull(pep3Variants[2].get(0).variant); // no variant here
+
+    /*
+     * three variants on protein position 5
+     */
+    List<DnaVariant>[] pep5Variants = variantsMap.get(5);
+    assertEquals(3, pep5Variants.length);
+    assertEquals(1, pep5Variants[0].size());
+    assertEquals("C", pep5Variants[0].get(0).base); // codon[1] base
+    assertSame(sf5, pep5Variants[0].get(0).variant); // codon[1] variant
+    assertEquals(1, pep5Variants[1].size());
+    assertEquals("C", pep5Variants[1].get(0).base); // codon[2] base
+    assertSame(sf6, pep5Variants[1].get(0).variant); // codon[2] variant
+    assertEquals(1, pep5Variants[2].size());
+    assertEquals("C", pep5Variants[2].get(0).base); // codon[3] base
+    assertSame(sf7, pep5Variants[2].get(0).variant); // codon[3] variant
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests for the method that computes all peptide variants given codon
+   * variants
+   */
+  @Test(groups = "Functional")
+  public void testComputePeptideVariants()
+  {
+    /*
+     * scenario: AAATTTCCC codes for KFP
+     * variants:
+     *           GAA -> E             source: Ensembl
+     *           CAA -> Q             source: dbSNP
+     *           AAG synonymous       source: COSMIC
+     *           AAT -> N             source: Ensembl
+     *           ...TTC synonymous    source: dbSNP
+     *           ......CAC,CGC -> H,R source: COSMIC
+     *                 (one variant with two alleles)
+     */
+    SequenceI peptide = new Sequence("pep/10-12", "KFP");
+
+    /*
+     * two distinct variants for codon 1 position 1
+     * second one has clinical significance
+     */
+    String ensembl = "Ensembl";
+    String dbSnp = "dbSNP";
+    String cosmic = "COSMIC";
+    SequenceFeature sf1 = new SequenceFeature("sequence_variant", "", 1, 1,
+            0f, ensembl);
+    sf1.setValue("alleles", "A,G"); // GAA -> E
+    sf1.setValue("ID", "var1.125A>G");
+    SequenceFeature sf2 = new SequenceFeature("sequence_variant", "", 1, 1,
+            0f, dbSnp);
+    sf2.setValue("alleles", "A,C"); // CAA -> Q
+    sf2.setValue("ID", "var2");
+    sf2.setValue("clinical_significance", "Dodgy");
+    SequenceFeature sf3 = new SequenceFeature("sequence_variant", "", 3, 3,
+            0f, cosmic);
+    sf3.setValue("alleles", "A,G"); // synonymous
+    sf3.setValue("ID", "var3");
+    sf3.setValue("clinical_significance", "None");
+    SequenceFeature sf4 = new SequenceFeature("sequence_variant", "", 3, 3,
+            0f, ensembl);
+    sf4.setValue("alleles", "A,T"); // AAT -> N
+    sf4.setValue("ID", "sequence_variant:var4"); // prefix gets stripped off
+    sf4.setValue("clinical_significance", "Benign");
+    SequenceFeature sf5 = new SequenceFeature("sequence_variant", "", 6, 6,
+            0f, dbSnp);
+    sf5.setValue("alleles", "T,C"); // synonymous
+    sf5.setValue("ID", "var5");
+    sf5.setValue("clinical_significance", "Bad");
+    SequenceFeature sf6 = new SequenceFeature("sequence_variant", "", 8, 8,
+            0f, cosmic);
+    sf6.setValue("alleles", "C,A,G"); // CAC,CGC -> H,R
+    sf6.setValue("ID", "var6");
+    sf6.setValue("clinical_significance", "Good");
+
+    List<DnaVariant> codon1Variants = new ArrayList<DnaVariant>();
+    List<DnaVariant> codon2Variants = new ArrayList<DnaVariant>();
+    List<DnaVariant> codon3Variants = new ArrayList<DnaVariant>();
+    List<DnaVariant> codonVariants[] = new ArrayList[3];
+    codonVariants[0] = codon1Variants;
+    codonVariants[1] = codon2Variants;
+    codonVariants[2] = codon3Variants;
+
+    /*
+     * compute variants for protein position 1
+     */
+    codon1Variants.add(new DnaVariant("A", sf1));
+    codon1Variants.add(new DnaVariant("A", sf2));
+    codon2Variants.add(new DnaVariant("A"));
+    codon2Variants.add(new DnaVariant("A"));
+    codon3Variants.add(new DnaVariant("A", sf3));
+    codon3Variants.add(new DnaVariant("A", sf4));
+    AlignmentUtils.computePeptideVariants(peptide, 1, codonVariants);
+
+    /*
+     * compute variants for protein position 2
+     */
+    codon1Variants.clear();
+    codon2Variants.clear();
+    codon3Variants.clear();
+    codon1Variants.add(new DnaVariant("T"));
+    codon2Variants.add(new DnaVariant("T"));
+    codon3Variants.add(new DnaVariant("T", sf5));
+    AlignmentUtils.computePeptideVariants(peptide, 2, codonVariants);
+
+    /*
+     * compute variants for protein position 3
+     */
+    codon1Variants.clear();
+    codon2Variants.clear();
+    codon3Variants.clear();
+    codon1Variants.add(new DnaVariant("C"));
+    codon2Variants.add(new DnaVariant("C", sf6));
+    codon3Variants.add(new DnaVariant("C"));
+    AlignmentUtils.computePeptideVariants(peptide, 3, codonVariants);
+
+    /*
+     * verify added sequence features for
+     * var1 K -> E Ensembl
+     * var2 K -> Q dbSNP
+     * var4 K -> N Ensembl
+     * var6 P -> H COSMIC
+     * var6 P -> R COSMIC
+     */
+    SequenceFeature[] sfs = peptide.getSequenceFeatures();
+    assertEquals(5, sfs.length);
+
+    SequenceFeature sf = sfs[0];
+    assertEquals(1, sf.getBegin());
+    assertEquals(1, sf.getEnd());
+    assertEquals("p.Lys1Glu", sf.getDescription());
+    assertEquals("var1.125A>G", sf.getValue("ID"));
+    assertNull(sf.getValue("clinical_significance"));
+    assertEquals("ID=var1.125A>G", sf.getAttributes());
+    assertEquals(1, sf.links.size());
+    // link to variation is urlencoded
+    assertEquals(
+            "p.Lys1Glu var1.125A>G|http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Variation/Summary?v=var1.125A%3EG",
+            sf.links.get(0));
+    assertEquals(ensembl, sf.getFeatureGroup());
+
+    sf = sfs[1];
+    assertEquals(1, sf.getBegin());
+    assertEquals(1, sf.getEnd());
+    assertEquals("p.Lys1Gln", sf.getDescription());
+    assertEquals("var2", sf.getValue("ID"));
+    assertEquals("Dodgy", sf.getValue("clinical_significance"));
+    assertEquals("ID=var2;clinical_significance=Dodgy", sf.getAttributes());
+    assertEquals(1, sf.links.size());
+    assertEquals(
+            "p.Lys1Gln var2|http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Variation/Summary?v=var2",
+            sf.links.get(0));
+    assertEquals(dbSnp, sf.getFeatureGroup());
+
+    sf = sfs[2];
+    assertEquals(1, sf.getBegin());
+    assertEquals(1, sf.getEnd());
+    assertEquals("p.Lys1Asn", sf.getDescription());
+    assertEquals("var4", sf.getValue("ID"));
+    assertEquals("Benign", sf.getValue("clinical_significance"));
+    assertEquals("ID=var4;clinical_significance=Benign", sf.getAttributes());
+    assertEquals(1, sf.links.size());
+    assertEquals(
+            "p.Lys1Asn var4|http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Variation/Summary?v=var4",
+            sf.links.get(0));
+    assertEquals(ensembl, sf.getFeatureGroup());
+
+    // var5 generates two distinct protein variant features
+    sf = sfs[3];
+    assertEquals(3, sf.getBegin());
+    assertEquals(3, sf.getEnd());
+    assertEquals("p.Pro3His", sf.getDescription());
+    assertEquals("var6", sf.getValue("ID"));
+    assertEquals("Good", sf.getValue("clinical_significance"));
+    assertEquals("ID=var6;clinical_significance=Good", sf.getAttributes());
+    assertEquals(1, sf.links.size());
+    assertEquals(
+            "p.Pro3His var6|http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Variation/Summary?v=var6",
+            sf.links.get(0));
+    assertEquals(cosmic, sf.getFeatureGroup());
+
+    sf = sfs[4];
+    assertEquals(3, sf.getBegin());
+    assertEquals(3, sf.getEnd());
+    assertEquals("p.Pro3Arg", sf.getDescription());
+    assertEquals("var6", sf.getValue("ID"));
+    assertEquals("Good", sf.getValue("clinical_significance"));
+    assertEquals("ID=var6;clinical_significance=Good", sf.getAttributes());
+    assertEquals(1, sf.links.size());
+    assertEquals(
+            "p.Pro3Arg var6|http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Variation/Summary?v=var6",
+            sf.links.get(0));
+    assertEquals(cosmic, sf.getFeatureGroup());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests for the method that maps the subset of a dna sequence that has CDS
+   * (or subtype) feature, with CDS strand = '-' (reverse)
+   */
+  // test turned off as currently findCdsPositions is not strand-dependent
+  // left in case it comes around again...
+  @Test(groups = "Functional", enabled = false)
+  public void testFindCdsPositions_reverseStrand()
+  {
+    SequenceI dnaSeq = new Sequence("dna", "aaaGGGcccAAATTTttt");
+    dnaSeq.createDatasetSequence();
+    SequenceI ds = dnaSeq.getDatasetSequence();
+
+    // CDS for dna 4-6
+    SequenceFeature sf = new SequenceFeature("CDS", "", 4, 6, 0f, null);
+    sf.setStrand("-");
+    ds.addSequenceFeature(sf);
+    // exon feature should be ignored here
+    sf = new SequenceFeature("exon", "", 7, 9, 0f, null);
+    ds.addSequenceFeature(sf);
+    // CDS for dna 10-12
+    sf = new SequenceFeature("CDS_predicted", "", 10, 12, 0f, null);
+    sf.setStrand("-");
+    ds.addSequenceFeature(sf);
+
+    List<int[]> ranges = AlignmentUtils.findCdsPositions(dnaSeq);
+    /*
+     * verify ranges { [12-10], [6-4] }
+     */
+    assertEquals(6, MappingUtils.getLength(ranges));
+    assertEquals(2, ranges.size());
+    assertEquals(12, ranges.get(0)[0]);
+    assertEquals(10, ranges.get(0)[1]);
+    assertEquals(6, ranges.get(1)[0]);
+    assertEquals(4, ranges.get(1)[1]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests for the method that maps the subset of a dna sequence that has CDS
+   * (or subtype) feature - reverse strand case where the start codon is
+   * incomplete.
+   */
+  @Test(groups = "Functional", enabled = false)
+  // test turned off as currently findCdsPositions is not strand-dependent
+  // left in case it comes around again...
+  public void testFindCdsPositions_reverseStrandThreePrimeIncomplete()
+  {
+    SequenceI dnaSeq = new Sequence("dna", "aaagGGCCCaaaTTTttt");
+    dnaSeq.createDatasetSequence();
+    SequenceI ds = dnaSeq.getDatasetSequence();
+
+    // CDS for dna 5-9
+    SequenceFeature sf = new SequenceFeature("CDS", "", 5, 9, 0f, null);
+    sf.setStrand("-");
+    ds.addSequenceFeature(sf);
+    // CDS for dna 13-15
+    sf = new SequenceFeature("CDS_predicted", "", 13, 15, 0f, null);
+    sf.setStrand("-");
+    sf.setPhase("2"); // skip 2 bases to start of next codon
+    ds.addSequenceFeature(sf);
+
+    List<int[]> ranges = AlignmentUtils.findCdsPositions(dnaSeq);
+
+    /*
+     * check the mapping starts with the first complete codon
+     * expect ranges [13, 13], [9, 5]
+     */
+    assertEquals(6, MappingUtils.getLength(ranges));
+    assertEquals(2, ranges.size());
+    assertEquals(13, ranges.get(0)[0]);
+    assertEquals(13, ranges.get(0)[1]);
+    assertEquals(9, ranges.get(1)[0]);
+    assertEquals(5, ranges.get(1)[1]);
+  }
+
+  @Test(groups = "Functional")
+  public void testAlignAs_alternateTranscriptsUngapped()
+  {
+    SequenceI dna1 = new Sequence("dna1", "cccGGGTTTaaa");
+    SequenceI dna2 = new Sequence("dna2", "CCCgggtttAAA");
+    AlignmentI dna = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { dna1, dna2 });
+    ((Alignment) dna).createDatasetAlignment();
+    SequenceI cds1 = new Sequence("cds1", "GGGTTT");
+    SequenceI cds2 = new Sequence("cds2", "CCCAAA");
+    AlignmentI cds = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { cds1, cds2 });
+    ((Alignment) cds).createDatasetAlignment();
+
+    AlignedCodonFrame acf = new AlignedCodonFrame();
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 4, 9 }, new int[] { 1, 6 }, 1, 1);
+    acf.addMap(dna1.getDatasetSequence(), cds1.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+    map = new MapList(new int[] { 1, 3, 10, 12 }, new int[] { 1, 6 }, 1, 1);
+    acf.addMap(dna2.getDatasetSequence(), cds2.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+
+    /*
+     * verify CDS alignment is as:
+     *   cccGGGTTTaaa (cdna)
+     *   CCCgggtttAAA (cdna)
+     *   
+     *   ---GGGTTT--- (cds)
+     *   CCC------AAA (cds)
+     */
+    dna.addCodonFrame(acf);
+    AlignmentUtils.alignAs(cds, dna);
+    assertEquals("---GGGTTT", cds.getSequenceAt(0).getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals("CCC------AAA", cds.getSequenceAt(1).getSequenceAsString());
+  }
+
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testAddMappedPositions()
+  {
+    SequenceI from = new Sequence("dna", "ggAA-ATcc-TT-g");
+    SequenceI seq1 = new Sequence("cds", "AAATTT");
+    from.createDatasetSequence();
+    seq1.createDatasetSequence();
+    Mapping mapping = new Mapping(seq1, new MapList(
+            new int[] { 3, 6, 9, 10 }, new int[] { 1, 6 }, 1, 1));
+    Map<Integer, Map<SequenceI, Character>> map = new TreeMap<Integer, Map<SequenceI, Character>>();
+    AlignmentUtils.addMappedPositions(seq1, from, mapping, map);
+
+    /*
+     * verify map has seq1 residues in columns 3,4,6,7,11,12
+     */
+    assertEquals(6, map.size());
+    assertEquals('A', map.get(3).get(seq1).charValue());
+    assertEquals('A', map.get(4).get(seq1).charValue());
+    assertEquals('A', map.get(6).get(seq1).charValue());
+    assertEquals('T', map.get(7).get(seq1).charValue());
+    assertEquals('T', map.get(11).get(seq1).charValue());
+    assertEquals('T', map.get(12).get(seq1).charValue());
+
+    /*
+     * 
+     */
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case where the mapping 'from' range includes a stop codon which is
+   * absent in the 'to' range
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testAddMappedPositions_withStopCodon()
+  {
+    SequenceI from = new Sequence("dna", "ggAA-ATcc-TT-g");
+    SequenceI seq1 = new Sequence("cds", "AAATTT");
+    from.createDatasetSequence();
+    seq1.createDatasetSequence();
+    Mapping mapping = new Mapping(seq1, new MapList(
+            new int[] { 3, 6, 9, 10 }, new int[] { 1, 6 }, 1, 1));
+    Map<Integer, Map<SequenceI, Character>> map = new TreeMap<Integer, Map<SequenceI, Character>>();
+    AlignmentUtils.addMappedPositions(seq1, from, mapping, map);
+
+    /*
+     * verify map has seq1 residues in columns 3,4,6,7,11,12
+     */
+    assertEquals(6, map.size());
+    assertEquals('A', map.get(3).get(seq1).charValue());
+    assertEquals('A', map.get(4).get(seq1).charValue());
+    assertEquals('A', map.get(6).get(seq1).charValue());
+    assertEquals('T', map.get(7).get(seq1).charValue());
+    assertEquals('T', map.get(11).get(seq1).charValue());
+    assertEquals('T', map.get(12).get(seq1).charValue());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test for the case where the products for which we want CDS are specified.
+   * This is to represent the case where EMBL has CDS mappings to both Uniprot
+   * and EMBLCDSPROTEIN. makeCdsAlignment() should only return the mappings for
+   * the protein sequences specified.
+   */
+  @Test(groups = { "Functional" })
+  public void testMakeCdsAlignment_filterProducts()
+  {
+    SequenceI dna1 = new Sequence("dna1", "aaaGGGcccTTTaaa");
+    SequenceI dna2 = new Sequence("dna2", "GGGcccTTTaaaCCC");
+    SequenceI pep1 = new Sequence("Uniprot|pep1", "GF");
+    SequenceI pep2 = new Sequence("Uniprot|pep2", "GFP");
+    SequenceI pep3 = new Sequence("EMBL|pep3", "GF");
+    SequenceI pep4 = new Sequence("EMBL|pep4", "GFP");
+    dna1.createDatasetSequence();
+    dna2.createDatasetSequence();
+    pep1.createDatasetSequence();
+    pep2.createDatasetSequence();
+    pep3.createDatasetSequence();
+    pep4.createDatasetSequence();
+    AlignmentI dna = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { dna1, dna2 });
+    dna.setDataset(null);
+    AlignmentI emblPeptides = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { pep3, pep4 });
+    emblPeptides.setDataset(null);
+
+    AlignedCodonFrame acf = new AlignedCodonFrame();
+    MapList map = new MapList(new int[] { 4, 6, 10, 12 },
+            new int[] { 1, 2 }, 3, 1);
+    acf.addMap(dna1.getDatasetSequence(), pep1.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+    acf.addMap(dna1.getDatasetSequence(), pep3.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+    dna.addCodonFrame(acf);
+
+    acf = new AlignedCodonFrame();
+    map = new MapList(new int[] { 1, 3, 7, 9, 13, 15 }, new int[] { 1, 3 },
+            3, 1);
+    acf.addMap(dna2.getDatasetSequence(), pep2.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+    acf.addMap(dna2.getDatasetSequence(), pep4.getDatasetSequence(), map);
+    dna.addCodonFrame(acf);
+
+    /*
+     * execute method under test to find CDS for EMBL peptides only
+     */
+    AlignmentI cds = AlignmentUtils.makeCdsAlignment(new SequenceI[] {
+        dna1, dna2 }, dna.getDataset(), emblPeptides.getSequencesArray());
+
+    assertEquals(2, cds.getSequences().size());
+    assertEquals("GGGTTT", cds.getSequenceAt(0).getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals("GGGTTTCCC", cds.getSequenceAt(1).getSequenceAsString());
+
+    /*
+     * verify shared, extended alignment dataset
+     */
+    assertSame(dna.getDataset(), cds.getDataset());
+    assertTrue(dna.getDataset().getSequences()
+            .contains(cds.getSequenceAt(0).getDatasetSequence()));
+    assertTrue(dna.getDataset().getSequences()
+            .contains(cds.getSequenceAt(1).getDatasetSequence()));
+
+    /*
+     * Verify mappings from CDS to peptide, cDNA to CDS, and cDNA to peptide
+     * the mappings are on the shared alignment dataset
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> cdsMappings = cds.getDataset().getCodonFrames();
+    /*
+     * 6 mappings, 2*(DNA->CDS), 2*(DNA->Pep), 2*(CDS->Pep) 
+     */
+    assertEquals(6, cdsMappings.size());
+
+    /*
+     * verify that mapping sets for dna and cds alignments are different
+     * [not current behaviour - all mappings are on the alignment dataset]  
+     */
+    // select -> subselect type to test.
+    // Assert.assertNotSame(dna.getCodonFrames(), cds.getCodonFrames());
+    // assertEquals(4, dna.getCodonFrames().size());
+    // assertEquals(4, cds.getCodonFrames().size());
+
+    /*
+     * Two mappings involve pep3 (dna to pep3, cds to pep3)
+     * Mapping from pep3 to GGGTTT in first new exon sequence
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> pep3Mappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(pep3, cdsMappings);
+    assertEquals(2, pep3Mappings.size());
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> mappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(cds.getSequenceAt(0), pep3Mappings);
+    assertEquals(1, mappings.size());
+
+    // map G to GGG
+    SearchResults sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep3, 1, mappings);
+    assertEquals(1, sr.getResults().size());
+    Match m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertSame(cds.getSequenceAt(0).getDatasetSequence(), m.getSequence());
+    assertEquals(1, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(3, m.getEnd());
+    // map F to TTT
+    sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep3, 2, mappings);
+    m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertSame(cds.getSequenceAt(0).getDatasetSequence(), m.getSequence());
+    assertEquals(4, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(6, m.getEnd());
+
+    /*
+     * Two mappings involve pep4 (dna to pep4, cds to pep4)
+     * Verify mapping from pep4 to GGGTTTCCC in second new exon sequence
+     */
+    List<AlignedCodonFrame> pep4Mappings = MappingUtils
+            .findMappingsForSequence(pep4, cdsMappings);
+    assertEquals(2, pep4Mappings.size());
+    mappings = MappingUtils.findMappingsForSequence(cds.getSequenceAt(1),
+            pep4Mappings);
+    assertEquals(1, mappings.size());
+    // map G to GGG
+    sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep4, 1, mappings);
+    assertEquals(1, sr.getResults().size());
+    m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertSame(cds.getSequenceAt(1).getDatasetSequence(), m.getSequence());
+    assertEquals(1, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(3, m.getEnd());
+    // map F to TTT
+    sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep4, 2, mappings);
+    m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertSame(cds.getSequenceAt(1).getDatasetSequence(), m.getSequence());
+    assertEquals(4, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(6, m.getEnd());
+    // map P to CCC
+    sr = MappingUtils.buildSearchResults(pep4, 3, mappings);
+    m = sr.getResults().get(0);
+    assertSame(cds.getSequenceAt(1).getDatasetSequence(), m.getSequence());
+    assertEquals(7, m.getStart());
+    assertEquals(9, m.getEnd());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test the method that just copies aligned sequences, provided all sequences
+   * to be aligned share the aligned sequence's dataset
+   */
+  @Test(groups = "Functional")
+  public void testAlignAsSameSequences()
+  {
+    SequenceI dna1 = new Sequence("dna1", "cccGGGTTTaaa");
+    SequenceI dna2 = new Sequence("dna2", "CCCgggtttAAA");
+    AlignmentI al1 = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { dna1, dna2 });
+    ((Alignment) al1).createDatasetAlignment();
+
+    SequenceI dna3 = new Sequence(dna1);
+    SequenceI dna4 = new Sequence(dna2);
+    assertSame(dna3.getDatasetSequence(), dna1.getDatasetSequence());
+    assertSame(dna4.getDatasetSequence(), dna2.getDatasetSequence());
+    String seq1 = "-cc-GG-GT-TT--aaa";
+    dna3.setSequence(seq1);
+    String seq2 = "C--C-Cgg--gtt-tAA-A-";
+    dna4.setSequence(seq2);
+    AlignmentI al2 = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { dna3, dna4 });
+    ((Alignment) al2).createDatasetAlignment();
+
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.alignAsSameSequences(al1, al2));
+    assertEquals(seq1, al1.getSequenceAt(0).getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals(seq2, al1.getSequenceAt(1).getSequenceAsString());
+
+    /*
+     * add another sequence to 'aligned' - should still succeed, since
+     * unaligned sequences still share a dataset with aligned sequences
+     */
+    SequenceI dna5 = new Sequence("dna5", "CCCgggtttAAA");
+    dna5.createDatasetSequence();
+    al2.addSequence(dna5);
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.alignAsSameSequences(al1, al2));
+    assertEquals(seq1, al1.getSequenceAt(0).getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals(seq2, al1.getSequenceAt(1).getSequenceAsString());
+
+    /*
+     * add another sequence to 'unaligned' - should fail, since now not
+     * all unaligned sequences share a dataset with aligned sequences
+     */
+    SequenceI dna6 = new Sequence("dna6", "CCCgggtttAAA");
+    dna6.createDatasetSequence();
+    al1.addSequence(dna6);
+    // JAL-2110 JBP Comment: what's the use case for this behaviour ?
+    assertFalse(AlignmentUtils.alignAsSameSequences(al1, al2));
+  }
+
+  @Test(groups = "Functional")
+  public void testAlignAsSameSequencesMultipleSubSeq()
+  {
+    SequenceI dna1 = new Sequence("dna1", "cccGGGTTTaaa");
+    SequenceI dna2 = new Sequence("dna2", "CCCgggtttAAA");
+    SequenceI as1 = dna1.deriveSequence();
+    SequenceI as2 = dna1.deriveSequence().getSubSequence(3, 7);
+    SequenceI as3 = dna2.deriveSequence();
+    as1.insertCharAt(6, 5, '-');
+    String s_as1 = as1.getSequenceAsString();
+    as2.insertCharAt(6, 5, '-');
+    String s_as2 = as2.getSequenceAsString();
+    as3.insertCharAt(6, 5, '-');
+    String s_as3 = as3.getSequenceAsString();
+    AlignmentI aligned = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { as1, as2, as3 });
+
+    // why do we need to cast this still ?
+    ((Alignment) aligned).createDatasetAlignment();
+    SequenceI uas1 = dna1.deriveSequence();
+    SequenceI uas2 = dna1.deriveSequence().getSubSequence(3, 7);
+    SequenceI uas3 = dna2.deriveSequence();
+    AlignmentI tobealigned = new Alignment(new SequenceI[] { uas1, uas2,
+        uas3 });
+    ((Alignment) tobealigned).createDatasetAlignment();
+
+    assertTrue(AlignmentUtils.alignAsSameSequences(tobealigned, aligned));
+    assertEquals(s_as1, uas1.getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals(s_as2, uas2.getSequenceAsString());
+    assertEquals(s_as3, uas3.getSequenceAsString());
+  }
+
 }