1 package jalview.ext.ensembl;
3 import jalview.api.FeatureColourI;
4 import jalview.api.FeatureSettingsModelI;
5 import jalview.datamodel.AlignmentI;
6 import jalview.datamodel.Sequence;
7 import jalview.datamodel.SequenceFeature;
8 import jalview.datamodel.SequenceI;
9 import jalview.io.gff.SequenceOntologyFactory;
10 import jalview.io.gff.SequenceOntologyI;
11 import jalview.schemes.FeatureColourAdapter;
12 import jalview.schemes.FeatureSettingsAdapter;
13 import jalview.util.MapList;
14 import jalview.util.StringUtils;
16 import java.awt.Color;
17 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
18 import java.net.URLDecoder;
19 import java.util.ArrayList;
20 import java.util.Arrays;
21 import java.util.List;
23 import com.stevesoft.pat.Regex;
26 * A class that fetches genomic sequence and all transcripts for an Ensembl gene
30 public class EnsemblGene extends EnsemblSeqProxy
32 private static final String GENE_PREFIX = "gene:";
35 * accepts anything as we will attempt lookup of gene or
36 * transcript id or gene name
38 private static final Regex ACCESSION_REGEX = new Regex(".*");
40 private static final EnsemblFeatureType[] FEATURES_TO_FETCH = {
41 EnsemblFeatureType.gene, EnsemblFeatureType.transcript,
42 EnsemblFeatureType.exon, EnsemblFeatureType.cds,
43 EnsemblFeatureType.variation };
46 * Default constructor (to use rest.ensembl.org)
54 * Constructor given the target domain to fetch data from
58 public EnsemblGene(String d)
64 public String getDbName()
70 protected EnsemblFeatureType[] getFeaturesToFetch()
72 return FEATURES_TO_FETCH;
76 protected EnsemblSeqType getSourceEnsemblType()
78 return EnsemblSeqType.GENOMIC;
82 * Returns an alignment containing the gene(s) for the given gene or
83 * transcript identifier, or external identifier (e.g. Uniprot id). If given a
84 * gene name or external identifier, returns any related gene sequences found
85 * for model organisms. If only a single gene is queried for, then its
86 * transcripts are also retrieved and added to the alignment. <br>
89 * <li>resolves a transcript identifier by looking up its parent gene id</li>
90 * <li>resolves an external identifier by looking up xref-ed gene ids</li>
91 * <li>fetches the gene sequence</li>
92 * <li>fetches features on the sequence</li>
93 * <li>identifies "transcript" features whose Parent is the requested gene</li>
94 * <li>fetches the transcript sequence for each transcript</li>
95 * <li>makes a mapping from the gene to each transcript</li>
96 * <li>copies features from gene to transcript sequences</li>
97 * <li>fetches the protein sequence for each transcript, maps and saves it as
98 * a cross-reference</li>
99 * <li>aligns each transcript against the gene sequence based on the position
104 * one or more identifiers separated by a space
105 * @return an alignment containing one or more genes, and possibly
106 * transcripts, or null
109 public AlignmentI getSequenceRecords(String query) throws Exception
111 // todo: tidy up handling of one or multiple accession ids
112 String[] queries = query.split(getAccessionSeparator());
115 * if given a transcript id, look up its gene parent
117 if (isTranscriptIdentifier(query))
119 // we are assuming all transcripts have the same gene parent here
120 query = new EnsemblLookup(getDomain()).getParent(queries[0]);
128 * if given a gene or other external name, lookup and fetch
129 * the corresponding gene for all model organisms
131 if (!isGeneIdentifier(query))
133 List<String> geneIds = new EnsemblSymbol(getDomain()).getIds(query);
134 if (geneIds.isEmpty())
138 String theIds = StringUtils.listToDelimitedString(geneIds,
139 getAccessionSeparator());
140 return getSequenceRecords(theIds);
144 * fetch the gene sequence(s) with features and xrefs
146 AlignmentI al = super.getSequenceRecords(query);
149 * if we retrieved a single gene, get its transcripts as well
151 if (al.getHeight() == 1)
153 getTranscripts(al, query);
160 * Attempts to get Ensembl stable identifiers for model organisms for a gene
161 * name by calling the xrefs symbol REST service to resolve the gene name.
166 protected String getGeneIdentifiersForName(String query)
168 List<String> ids = new EnsemblSymbol(getDomain()).getIds(query);
171 for (String id : ids)
173 if (isGeneIdentifier(id))
183 * Constructs all transcripts for the gene, as identified by "transcript"
184 * features whose Parent is the requested gene. The coding transcript
185 * sequences (i.e. with introns omitted) are added to the alignment.
191 protected void getTranscripts(AlignmentI al, String accId)
194 SequenceI gene = al.getSequenceAt(0);
195 List<SequenceFeature> transcriptFeatures = getTranscriptFeatures(accId,
198 for (SequenceFeature transcriptFeature : transcriptFeatures)
200 makeTranscript(transcriptFeature, al, gene);
203 clearGeneFeatures(gene);
207 * Remove unwanted features (transcript, exon, CDS) from the gene sequence
208 * after we have used them to derive transcripts and transfer features
212 protected void clearGeneFeatures(SequenceI gene)
214 SequenceFeature[] sfs = gene.getSequenceFeatures();
217 SequenceOntologyI so = SequenceOntologyFactory.getInstance();
218 List<SequenceFeature> filtered = new ArrayList<SequenceFeature>();
219 for (SequenceFeature sf : sfs)
221 String type = sf.getType();
222 if (!isTranscript(type) && !so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.EXON)
223 && !so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.CDS))
228 gene.setSequenceFeatures(filtered
229 .toArray(new SequenceFeature[filtered
235 * Constructs a spliced transcript sequence by finding 'exon' features for the
236 * given id (or failing that 'CDS'). Copies features on to the new sequence.
237 * 'Aligns' the new sequence against the gene sequence by padding with gaps,
238 * and adds it to the alignment.
240 * @param transcriptFeature
242 * the alignment to which to add the new sequence
244 * the parent gene sequence, with features
247 SequenceI makeTranscript(SequenceFeature transcriptFeature,
248 AlignmentI al, SequenceI gene)
250 String accId = getTranscriptId(transcriptFeature);
257 * NB we are mapping from gene sequence (not genome), so do not
258 * need to check for reverse strand (gene and transcript sequences
259 * are in forward sense)
263 * make a gene-length sequence filled with gaps
264 * we will fill in the bases for transcript regions
266 char[] seqChars = new char[gene.getLength()];
267 Arrays.fill(seqChars, al.getGapCharacter());
270 * look for exon features of the transcript, failing that for CDS
271 * (for example ENSG00000124610 has 1 CDS but no exon features)
273 String parentId = "transcript:" + accId;
274 List<SequenceFeature> splices = findFeatures(gene,
275 SequenceOntologyI.EXON, parentId);
276 if (splices.isEmpty())
278 splices = findFeatures(gene, SequenceOntologyI.CDS, parentId);
281 int transcriptLength = 0;
282 final char[] geneChars = gene.getSequence();
283 int offset = gene.getStart(); // to convert to 0-based positions
284 List<int[]> mappedFrom = new ArrayList<int[]>();
286 for (SequenceFeature sf : splices)
288 int start = sf.getBegin() - offset;
289 int end = sf.getEnd() - offset;
290 int spliceLength = end - start + 1;
291 System.arraycopy(geneChars, start, seqChars, start, spliceLength);
292 transcriptLength += spliceLength;
293 mappedFrom.add(new int[] { sf.getBegin(), sf.getEnd() });
296 Sequence transcript = new Sequence(accId, seqChars, 1, transcriptLength);
299 * Ensembl has gene name as transcript Name
300 * EnsemblGenomes doesn't, but has a url-encoded description field
302 String description = (String) transcriptFeature.getValue(NAME);
303 if (description == null)
305 description = (String) transcriptFeature.getValue(DESCRIPTION);
307 if (description != null)
311 transcript.setDescription(URLDecoder.decode(description, "UTF-8"));
312 } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
314 e.printStackTrace(); // as if
317 transcript.createDatasetSequence();
319 al.addSequence(transcript);
322 * transfer features to the new sequence; we use EnsemblCdna to do this,
323 * to filter out unwanted features types (see method retainFeature)
325 List<int[]> mapTo = new ArrayList<int[]>();
326 mapTo.add(new int[] { 1, transcriptLength });
327 MapList mapping = new MapList(mappedFrom, mapTo, 1, 1);
328 EnsemblCdna cdna = new EnsemblCdna(getDomain());
329 cdna.transferFeatures(gene.getSequenceFeatures(),
330 transcript.getDatasetSequence(), mapping, parentId);
333 * fetch and save cross-references
335 cdna.getCrossReferences(transcript);
338 * and finally fetch the protein product and save as a cross-reference
340 cdna.addProteinProduct(transcript);
346 * Returns the 'transcript_id' property of the sequence feature (or null)
351 protected String getTranscriptId(SequenceFeature feature)
353 return (String) feature.getValue("transcript_id");
357 * Returns a list of the transcript features on the sequence whose Parent is
358 * the gene for the accession id.
361 * @param geneSequence
364 protected List<SequenceFeature> getTranscriptFeatures(String accId,
365 SequenceI geneSequence)
367 List<SequenceFeature> transcriptFeatures = new ArrayList<SequenceFeature>();
369 String parentIdentifier = GENE_PREFIX + accId;
370 SequenceFeature[] sfs = geneSequence.getSequenceFeatures();
374 for (SequenceFeature sf : sfs)
376 if (isTranscript(sf.getType()))
378 String parent = (String) sf.getValue(PARENT);
379 if (parentIdentifier.equals(parent))
381 transcriptFeatures.add(sf);
387 return transcriptFeatures;
391 public String getDescription()
393 return "Fetches all transcripts and variant features for a gene or transcript";
397 * Default test query is a gene id (can also enter a transcript id)
400 public String getTestQuery()
402 return "ENSG00000157764"; // BRAF, 5 transcripts, reverse strand
403 // ENSG00000090266 // NDUFB2, 15 transcripts, forward strand
404 // ENSG00000101812 // H2BFM histone, 3 transcripts, forward strand
405 // ENSG00000123569 // H2BFWT histone, 2 transcripts, reverse strand
409 * Answers true for a feature of type 'gene' (or a sub-type of gene in the
410 * Sequence Ontology), whose ID is the accession we are retrieving
413 protected boolean identifiesSequence(SequenceFeature sf, String accId)
415 if (SequenceOntologyFactory.getInstance().isA(sf.getType(),
416 SequenceOntologyI.GENE))
418 String id = (String) sf.getValue(ID);
419 if ((GENE_PREFIX + accId).equals(id))
428 * Answers true unless feature type is 'gene', or 'transcript' with a parent
429 * which is a different gene. We need the gene features to identify the range,
430 * but it is redundant information on the gene sequence. Checking the parent
431 * allows us to drop transcript features which belong to different
432 * (overlapping) genes.
435 protected boolean retainFeature(SequenceFeature sf, String accessionId)
437 SequenceOntologyI so = SequenceOntologyFactory.getInstance();
438 String type = sf.getType();
439 if (so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.GENE))
443 if (isTranscript(type))
445 String parent = (String) sf.getValue(PARENT);
446 if (!(GENE_PREFIX + accessionId).equals(parent))
455 * Answers false. This allows an optimisation - a single 'gene' feature is all
456 * that is needed to identify the positions of the gene on the genomic
460 protected boolean isSpliceable()
466 * Override to do nothing as Ensembl doesn't return a protein sequence for a
470 protected void addProteinProduct(SequenceI querySeq)
475 public Regex getAccessionValidator()
477 return ACCESSION_REGEX;
481 * Returns a descriptor for suitable feature display settings with
483 * <li>only exon or sequence_variant features (or their subtypes in the
484 * Sequence Ontology) visible</li>
485 * <li>variant features coloured red</li>
486 * <li>exon features coloured by label (exon name)</li>
487 * <li>variants displayed above (on top of) exons</li>
491 public FeatureSettingsModelI getFeatureColourScheme()
493 return new FeatureSettingsAdapter()
495 SequenceOntologyI so = SequenceOntologyFactory.getInstance();
497 public boolean isFeatureDisplayed(String type)
499 return (so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.EXON) || so.isA(type,
500 SequenceOntologyI.SEQUENCE_VARIANT));
504 public FeatureColourI getFeatureColour(String type)
506 if (so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.EXON))
508 return new FeatureColourAdapter()
511 public boolean isColourByLabel()
517 if (so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.SEQUENCE_VARIANT))
519 return new FeatureColourAdapter()
523 public Color getColour()
533 * order to render sequence_variant after exon after the rest
536 public int compare(String feature1, String feature2)
538 if (so.isA(feature1, SequenceOntologyI.SEQUENCE_VARIANT))
542 if (so.isA(feature2, SequenceOntologyI.SEQUENCE_VARIANT))
546 if (so.isA(feature1, SequenceOntologyI.EXON))
550 if (so.isA(feature2, SequenceOntologyI.EXON))