1 package jalview.ext.ensembl;
3 import jalview.api.ColorI;
4 import jalview.api.FeatureColourI;
5 import jalview.api.FeatureSettingsModelI;
6 import jalview.datamodel.AlignmentI;
7 import jalview.datamodel.Sequence;
8 import jalview.datamodel.SequenceFeature;
9 import jalview.datamodel.SequenceI;
10 import jalview.io.gff.SequenceOntologyFactory;
11 import jalview.io.gff.SequenceOntologyI;
12 import jalview.schemes.Colour;
13 import jalview.schemes.FeatureColourAdapter;
14 import jalview.schemes.FeatureSettingsAdapter;
15 import jalview.util.MapList;
17 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
18 import java.net.URLDecoder;
19 import java.util.ArrayList;
20 import java.util.Arrays;
21 import java.util.List;
23 import com.stevesoft.pat.Regex;
26 * A class that fetches genomic sequence and all transcripts for an Ensembl gene
30 public class EnsemblGene extends EnsemblSeqProxy
32 private static final String GENE_PREFIX = "gene:";
35 * accepts anything as we will attempt lookup of gene or
36 * transcript id or gene name
38 private static final Regex ACCESSION_REGEX = new Regex(".*");
40 private static final EnsemblFeatureType[] FEATURES_TO_FETCH = {
41 EnsemblFeatureType.gene, EnsemblFeatureType.transcript,
42 EnsemblFeatureType.exon, EnsemblFeatureType.cds,
43 EnsemblFeatureType.variation };
46 * Default constructor (to use rest.ensembl.org)
54 * Constructor given the target domain to fetch data from
58 public EnsemblGene(String d)
64 public String getDbName()
70 protected EnsemblFeatureType[] getFeaturesToFetch()
72 return FEATURES_TO_FETCH;
76 protected EnsemblSeqType getSourceEnsemblType()
78 return EnsemblSeqType.GENOMIC;
82 * Returns an alignment containing the gene(s) for the given gene or
83 * transcript identifier, or external identifier (e.g. Uniprot id). If given a
84 * gene name or external identifier, returns any related gene sequences found
85 * for model organisms. If only a single gene is queried for, then its
86 * transcripts are also retrieved and added to the alignment. <br>
89 * <li>resolves a transcript identifier by looking up its parent gene id</li>
90 * <li>resolves an external identifier by looking up xref-ed gene ids</li>
91 * <li>fetches the gene sequence</li>
92 * <li>fetches features on the sequence</li>
93 * <li>identifies "transcript" features whose Parent is the requested gene</li>
94 * <li>fetches the transcript sequence for each transcript</li>
95 * <li>makes a mapping from the gene to each transcript</li>
96 * <li>copies features from gene to transcript sequences</li>
97 * <li>fetches the protein sequence for each transcript, maps and saves it as
98 * a cross-reference</li>
99 * <li>aligns each transcript against the gene sequence based on the position
104 * a single gene or transcript identifier or gene name
105 * @return an alignment containing a gene, and possibly transcripts, or null
108 public AlignmentI getSequenceRecords(String query) throws Exception
111 * convert to a non-duplicated list of gene identifiers
113 List<String> geneIds = getGeneIds(query);
115 AlignmentI al = null;
116 for (String geneId : geneIds)
119 * fetch the gene sequence(s) with features and xrefs
121 AlignmentI geneAlignment = super.getSequenceRecords(geneId);
123 if (geneAlignment.getHeight() == 1)
125 getTranscripts(geneAlignment, geneId);
133 al.append(geneAlignment);
140 * Converts a query, which may contain one or more gene or transcript
141 * identifiers, into a non-redundant list of gene identifiers.
146 List<String> getGeneIds(String accessions)
148 List<String> geneIds = new ArrayList<String>();
150 for (String acc : accessions.split(getAccessionSeparator()))
152 if (isGeneIdentifier(acc))
154 if (!geneIds.contains(acc))
161 * if given a transcript id, look up its gene parent
163 else if (isTranscriptIdentifier(acc))
165 String geneId = new EnsemblLookup(getDomain()).getParent(acc);
166 if (geneId != null && !geneIds.contains(geneId))
173 * if given a gene or other external name, lookup and fetch
174 * the corresponding gene for all model organisms
178 List<String> ids = new EnsemblSymbol(getDomain()).getIds(acc);
179 for (String geneId : ids)
181 if (!geneIds.contains(geneId))
192 * Attempts to get Ensembl stable identifiers for model organisms for a gene
193 * name by calling the xrefs symbol REST service to resolve the gene name.
198 protected String getGeneIdentifiersForName(String query)
200 List<String> ids = new EnsemblSymbol(getDomain()).getIds(query);
203 for (String id : ids)
205 if (isGeneIdentifier(id))
215 * Constructs all transcripts for the gene, as identified by "transcript"
216 * features whose Parent is the requested gene. The coding transcript
217 * sequences (i.e. with introns omitted) are added to the alignment.
223 protected void getTranscripts(AlignmentI al, String accId)
226 SequenceI gene = al.getSequenceAt(0);
227 List<SequenceFeature> transcriptFeatures = getTranscriptFeatures(accId,
230 for (SequenceFeature transcriptFeature : transcriptFeatures)
232 makeTranscript(transcriptFeature, al, gene);
235 clearGeneFeatures(gene);
239 * Remove unwanted features (transcript, exon, CDS) from the gene sequence
240 * after we have used them to derive transcripts and transfer features
244 protected void clearGeneFeatures(SequenceI gene)
246 SequenceFeature[] sfs = gene.getSequenceFeatures();
249 SequenceOntologyI so = SequenceOntologyFactory.getInstance();
250 List<SequenceFeature> filtered = new ArrayList<SequenceFeature>();
251 for (SequenceFeature sf : sfs)
253 String type = sf.getType();
254 if (!isTranscript(type) && !so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.EXON)
255 && !so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.CDS))
260 gene.setSequenceFeatures(filtered
261 .toArray(new SequenceFeature[filtered
267 * Constructs a spliced transcript sequence by finding 'exon' features for the
268 * given id (or failing that 'CDS'). Copies features on to the new sequence.
269 * 'Aligns' the new sequence against the gene sequence by padding with gaps,
270 * and adds it to the alignment.
272 * @param transcriptFeature
274 * the alignment to which to add the new sequence
276 * the parent gene sequence, with features
279 SequenceI makeTranscript(SequenceFeature transcriptFeature,
280 AlignmentI al, SequenceI gene)
282 String accId = getTranscriptId(transcriptFeature);
289 * NB we are mapping from gene sequence (not genome), so do not
290 * need to check for reverse strand (gene and transcript sequences
291 * are in forward sense)
295 * make a gene-length sequence filled with gaps
296 * we will fill in the bases for transcript regions
298 char[] seqChars = new char[gene.getLength()];
299 Arrays.fill(seqChars, al.getGapCharacter());
302 * look for exon features of the transcript, failing that for CDS
303 * (for example ENSG00000124610 has 1 CDS but no exon features)
305 String parentId = "transcript:" + accId;
306 List<SequenceFeature> splices = findFeatures(gene,
307 SequenceOntologyI.EXON, parentId);
308 if (splices.isEmpty())
310 splices = findFeatures(gene, SequenceOntologyI.CDS, parentId);
313 int transcriptLength = 0;
314 final char[] geneChars = gene.getSequence();
315 int offset = gene.getStart(); // to convert to 0-based positions
316 List<int[]> mappedFrom = new ArrayList<int[]>();
318 for (SequenceFeature sf : splices)
320 int start = sf.getBegin() - offset;
321 int end = sf.getEnd() - offset;
322 int spliceLength = end - start + 1;
323 System.arraycopy(geneChars, start, seqChars, start, spliceLength);
324 transcriptLength += spliceLength;
325 mappedFrom.add(new int[] { sf.getBegin(), sf.getEnd() });
328 Sequence transcript = new Sequence(accId, seqChars, 1, transcriptLength);
331 * Ensembl has gene name as transcript Name
332 * EnsemblGenomes doesn't, but has a url-encoded description field
334 String description = (String) transcriptFeature.getValue(NAME);
335 if (description == null)
337 description = (String) transcriptFeature.getValue(DESCRIPTION);
339 if (description != null)
343 transcript.setDescription(URLDecoder.decode(description, "UTF-8"));
344 } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
346 e.printStackTrace(); // as if
349 transcript.createDatasetSequence();
351 al.addSequence(transcript);
354 * transfer features to the new sequence; we use EnsemblCdna to do this,
355 * to filter out unwanted features types (see method retainFeature)
357 List<int[]> mapTo = new ArrayList<int[]>();
358 mapTo.add(new int[] { 1, transcriptLength });
359 MapList mapping = new MapList(mappedFrom, mapTo, 1, 1);
360 EnsemblCdna cdna = new EnsemblCdna(getDomain());
361 cdna.transferFeatures(gene.getSequenceFeatures(),
362 transcript.getDatasetSequence(), mapping, parentId);
365 * fetch and save cross-references
367 cdna.getCrossReferences(transcript);
370 * and finally fetch the protein product and save as a cross-reference
372 cdna.addProteinProduct(transcript);
378 * Returns the 'transcript_id' property of the sequence feature (or null)
383 protected String getTranscriptId(SequenceFeature feature)
385 return (String) feature.getValue("transcript_id");
389 * Returns a list of the transcript features on the sequence whose Parent is
390 * the gene for the accession id.
393 * @param geneSequence
396 protected List<SequenceFeature> getTranscriptFeatures(String accId,
397 SequenceI geneSequence)
399 List<SequenceFeature> transcriptFeatures = new ArrayList<SequenceFeature>();
401 String parentIdentifier = GENE_PREFIX + accId;
402 SequenceFeature[] sfs = geneSequence.getSequenceFeatures();
406 for (SequenceFeature sf : sfs)
408 if (isTranscript(sf.getType()))
410 String parent = (String) sf.getValue(PARENT);
411 if (parentIdentifier.equals(parent))
413 transcriptFeatures.add(sf);
419 return transcriptFeatures;
423 public String getDescription()
425 return "Fetches all transcripts and variant features for a gene or transcript";
429 * Default test query is a gene id (can also enter a transcript id)
432 public String getTestQuery()
434 return "ENSG00000157764"; // BRAF, 5 transcripts, reverse strand
435 // ENSG00000090266 // NDUFB2, 15 transcripts, forward strand
436 // ENSG00000101812 // H2BFM histone, 3 transcripts, forward strand
437 // ENSG00000123569 // H2BFWT histone, 2 transcripts, reverse strand
441 * Answers true for a feature of type 'gene' (or a sub-type of gene in the
442 * Sequence Ontology), whose ID is the accession we are retrieving
445 protected boolean identifiesSequence(SequenceFeature sf, String accId)
447 if (SequenceOntologyFactory.getInstance().isA(sf.getType(),
448 SequenceOntologyI.GENE))
450 String id = (String) sf.getValue(ID);
451 if ((GENE_PREFIX + accId).equals(id))
460 * Answers true unless feature type is 'gene', or 'transcript' with a parent
461 * which is a different gene. We need the gene features to identify the range,
462 * but it is redundant information on the gene sequence. Checking the parent
463 * allows us to drop transcript features which belong to different
464 * (overlapping) genes.
467 protected boolean retainFeature(SequenceFeature sf, String accessionId)
469 SequenceOntologyI so = SequenceOntologyFactory.getInstance();
470 String type = sf.getType();
471 if (so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.GENE))
475 if (isTranscript(type))
477 String parent = (String) sf.getValue(PARENT);
478 if (!(GENE_PREFIX + accessionId).equals(parent))
487 * Answers false. This allows an optimisation - a single 'gene' feature is all
488 * that is needed to identify the positions of the gene on the genomic
492 protected boolean isSpliceable()
498 * Override to do nothing as Ensembl doesn't return a protein sequence for a
502 protected void addProteinProduct(SequenceI querySeq)
507 public Regex getAccessionValidator()
509 return ACCESSION_REGEX;
513 * Returns a descriptor for suitable feature display settings with
515 * <li>only exon or sequence_variant features (or their subtypes in the
516 * Sequence Ontology) visible</li>
517 * <li>variant features coloured red</li>
518 * <li>exon features coloured by label (exon name)</li>
519 * <li>variants displayed above (on top of) exons</li>
523 public FeatureSettingsModelI getFeatureColourScheme()
525 return new FeatureSettingsAdapter()
527 SequenceOntologyI so = SequenceOntologyFactory.getInstance();
529 public boolean isFeatureDisplayed(String type)
531 return (so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.EXON) || so.isA(type,
532 SequenceOntologyI.SEQUENCE_VARIANT));
536 public FeatureColourI getFeatureColour(String type)
538 if (so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.EXON))
540 return new FeatureColourAdapter()
543 public boolean isColourByLabel()
549 if (so.isA(type, SequenceOntologyI.SEQUENCE_VARIANT))
551 return new FeatureColourAdapter()
555 public ColorI getColour()
565 * order to render sequence_variant after exon after the rest
568 public int compare(String feature1, String feature2)
570 if (so.isA(feature1, SequenceOntologyI.SEQUENCE_VARIANT))
574 if (so.isA(feature2, SequenceOntologyI.SEQUENCE_VARIANT))
578 if (so.isA(feature1, SequenceOntologyI.EXON))
582 if (so.isA(feature2, SequenceOntologyI.EXON))