WSTester updated to work plus hopefully all the other changes that need to go into...
[jabaws.git] / binaries / src / ViennaRNA / lib / 2Dpfold.c
diff --git a/binaries/src/ViennaRNA/lib/2Dpfold.c b/binaries/src/ViennaRNA/lib/2Dpfold.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..5ca6752
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,4489 @@
+/*
+      minimum free energy
+      RNA secondary structure with
+      basepair distance d_1 to reference structure 1 and distance d_2 to reference structure 2
+
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <float.h>    /* #defines FLT_MAX ... */
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "fold_vars.h"
+#include "params.h"
+#include "energy_par.h"
+#include "loop_energies.h"
+#include "pair_mat.h"
+#include "mm.h"
+#include "2Dpfold.h"
+
+/*
+#################################
+# GLOBAL VARIABLES              #
+#################################
+*/
+
+/*
+#################################
+# PRIVATE VARIABLES             #
+#################################
+*/
+
+/*
+#################################
+# PRIVATE FUNCTION DECLARATIONS #
+#################################
+*/
+PRIVATE         void  pf2D_linear(TwoDpfold_vars *vars);
+PRIVATE         void  pf2D_circ(TwoDpfold_vars *vars);
+PRIVATE         void  initialize_TwoDpfold_vars(TwoDpfold_vars *vars);
+PRIVATE         void  scale_pf_params2(TwoDpfold_vars *vars);
+PRIVATE         void  make_ptypes2(TwoDpfold_vars *vars);
+
+PRIVATE         char  *TwoDpfold_pbacktrack_circ(
+                        TwoDpfold_vars *vars,
+                        int d1, int d2);
+
+
+PRIVATE         void  backtrack(
+                        TwoDpfold_vars *vars,
+                        char *pstruc,
+                        int d1, int d2,
+                        unsigned int i, unsigned int j);
+PRIVATE         void  backtrack_qm(
+                        TwoDpfold_vars *vars,
+                        char *pstruc,
+                        int d1, int d2,
+                        unsigned int i, unsigned int j);
+PRIVATE         void  backtrack_qm1(
+                        TwoDpfold_vars *vars,
+                        char *pstruc,
+                        int d1, int d2,
+                        unsigned int i, unsigned int j);
+PRIVATE         void  backtrack_qm2(
+                        TwoDpfold_vars *vars,
+                        char *pstruc,
+                        int d1, int d2,
+                        unsigned int k);
+PRIVATE         void  backtrack_qcH(
+                        TwoDpfold_vars *vars,
+                        char *pstruc,
+                        int d1, int d2);
+PRIVATE         void  backtrack_qcI(
+                        TwoDpfold_vars *vars,
+                        char *pstruc,
+                        int d1, int d2);
+PRIVATE         void  backtrack_qcM(
+                        TwoDpfold_vars *vars,
+                        char *pstruc,
+                        int d1, int d2);
+
+PRIVATE         void  adjustArrayBoundaries(
+                        FLT_OR_DBL ***array,
+                        int *k_min, int *k_max,
+                        int **l_min, int **l_max,
+                        int k_min_real, int k_max_real,
+                        int *l_min_real, int *l_max_real);
+
+INLINE  PRIVATE void  preparePosteriorBoundaries(
+                        int size, int shift,
+                        int *min_k, int *max_k,
+                        int **min_l, int **max_l);
+INLINE  PRIVATE void  updatePosteriorBoundaries(
+                        int d1, int d2,
+                        int *min_k, int *max_k,
+                        int **min_l, int **max_l);
+INLINE  PRIVATE void  prepareBoundaries(
+                        int min_k_pre, int max_k_pre,
+                        int min_l_pre, int max_l_pre,
+                        int bpdist,
+                        int *min_k, int *max_k,
+                        int **min_l, int **max_l);
+INLINE  PRIVATE void  prepareArray(
+                        FLT_OR_DBL ***array,
+                        int min_k, int max_k,
+                        int *min_l, int *max_l);
+
+/*
+#################################
+# BEGIN OF FUNCTION DEFINITIONS #
+#################################
+*/
+
+PUBLIC TwoDpfold_vars *get_TwoDpfold_variables(const char *seq, const char *structure1, char *structure2, int circ){
+  unsigned int    size, length;
+  int *index;
+  TwoDpfold_vars  *vars;
+
+  vars = (TwoDpfold_vars *)malloc(sizeof(TwoDpfold_vars));
+  length              = (unsigned int) strlen(seq);
+  vars->sequence      = (char *)space(length + 1);
+  strcpy(vars->sequence, seq);
+  vars->seq_length    = length;
+  if(vars->seq_length < 1) nrerror("get_TwoDfold_variables: sequence must be longer than 0");
+  size                = ((length + 1) * (length + 2)/2);
+
+  vars->reference_pt1 = make_pair_table(structure1);
+  vars->reference_pt2 = make_pair_table(structure2);
+  vars->referenceBPs1 = make_referenceBP_array(vars->reference_pt1, TURN); /* matrix containing number of basepairs of reference structure1 in interval [i,j] */
+  vars->referenceBPs2 = make_referenceBP_array(vars->reference_pt2, TURN); /* matrix containing number of basepairs of reference structure2 in interval [i,j] */
+
+  /* compute maximum matching with reference structure 1 disallowed */
+  vars->mm1           = maximumMatchingConstraint(vars->sequence, vars->reference_pt1);
+  /* compute maximum matching with reference structure 2 disallowed */
+  vars->mm2           = maximumMatchingConstraint(vars->sequence, vars->reference_pt2);
+  vars->bpdist        = compute_BPdifferences(vars->reference_pt1, vars->reference_pt2, TURN);
+
+  vars->dangles       = dangles;
+  vars->circ          = circ;
+  vars->temperature   = temperature;
+  vars->init_temp     = temperature;
+  vars->pf_scale      = pf_scale;
+  vars->pf_params     = NULL;
+
+  vars->scale         = (FLT_OR_DBL *) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL)*(length+1));
+  vars->ptype         = space(sizeof(char) * size);
+  vars->S             = NULL;
+  vars->S1            = NULL;
+
+  vars->jindx         = get_indx(length);
+  vars->my_iindx      = get_iindx(length);
+  index               = vars->my_iindx;
+/*
+  vars->maxD1         = 0;
+  vars->maxD2         = 0;
+*/
+  vars->maxD1        = vars->mm1[index[1]-length] + vars->referenceBPs1[index[1]-length];
+  vars->maxD2        = vars->mm2[index[1]-length] + vars->referenceBPs2[index[1]-length];
+
+  /* allocate memory for the pf matrices and min-/max-index helper arrays */
+  vars->Q                = (FLT_OR_DBL ***) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL **)  * size);
+  vars->l_min_values     = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->l_max_values     = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->k_min_values     = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+  vars->k_max_values     = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+
+  vars->Q_B              = (FLT_OR_DBL ***) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL **)  * size);
+  vars->l_min_values_b   = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->l_max_values_b   = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->k_min_values_b   = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+  vars->k_max_values_b   = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+
+  vars->Q_M              = (FLT_OR_DBL ***) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL **)  * size);
+  vars->l_min_values_m   = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->l_max_values_m   = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->k_min_values_m   = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+  vars->k_max_values_m   = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+
+  vars->Q_M1             = (FLT_OR_DBL ***) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL **)  * size);
+  vars->l_min_values_m1  = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->l_max_values_m1  = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->k_min_values_m1  = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+  vars->k_max_values_m1  = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+
+
+  if(vars->circ){
+    vars->Q_M2_rem         = (FLT_OR_DBL *) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL)  * (length + 1));
+    vars->Q_M2             = (FLT_OR_DBL ***) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL **)  * (length + 1));
+    vars->l_min_values_m2  = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * (length + 1));
+    vars->l_max_values_m2  = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * (length + 1));
+    vars->k_min_values_m2  = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * (length + 1));
+    vars->k_max_values_m2  = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * (length + 1));
+  }
+  else{
+    vars->Q_M2_rem         = NULL;
+    vars->Q_M2             = NULL;
+    vars->l_min_values_m2  = NULL;
+    vars->l_max_values_m2  = NULL;
+    vars->k_min_values_m2  = NULL;
+    vars->k_max_values_m2  = NULL;
+  }
+  vars->Q_c               = NULL;
+  vars->Q_cH              = NULL;
+  vars->Q_cI              = NULL;
+  vars->Q_cM              = NULL;
+  vars->Q_c_rem           = 0;
+  vars->Q_cH_rem          = 0;
+  vars->Q_cI_rem          = 0;
+  vars->Q_cM_rem          = 0;
+
+  vars->Q_rem             = (FLT_OR_DBL *) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL)  * size);
+  vars->Q_B_rem           = (FLT_OR_DBL *) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL)  * size);
+  vars->Q_M_rem           = (FLT_OR_DBL *) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL)  * size);
+  vars->Q_M1_rem          = (FLT_OR_DBL *) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL)  * size);
+  
+
+
+  return vars;
+}
+
+PUBLIC TwoDpfold_vars *get_TwoDpfold_variables_from_MFE(TwoDfold_vars *mfe_vars){
+  unsigned int i, j, size, length;
+  int cnt1, ij, jij;
+  TwoDpfold_vars *vars;
+  vars                = (TwoDpfold_vars *)malloc(sizeof(TwoDpfold_vars));
+  vars->sequence      = strdup(mfe_vars->sequence);
+  length              = mfe_vars->seq_length;
+  vars->seq_length    = length;
+  size                = ((length + 1) * (length + 2)/2);
+
+  vars->reference_pt1 = copy_pair_table(mfe_vars->reference_pt1);
+  vars->reference_pt2 = copy_pair_table(mfe_vars->reference_pt2);
+  vars->referenceBPs1 = make_referenceBP_array(vars->reference_pt1, TURN);
+  vars->referenceBPs2 = make_referenceBP_array(vars->reference_pt2, TURN);
+
+  /* compute maximum matching with reference structure 1 disallowed */
+  vars->mm1           = maximumMatchingConstraint(vars->sequence, vars->reference_pt1);
+  /* compute maximum matching with reference structure 2 disallowed */
+  vars->mm2           = maximumMatchingConstraint(vars->sequence, vars->reference_pt2);
+  vars->bpdist        = compute_BPdifferences(vars->reference_pt1, vars->reference_pt2, TURN);
+
+
+  vars->dangles      = mfe_vars->dangles;
+  vars->circ         = mfe_vars->circ;
+  vars->temperature  = mfe_vars->temperature;
+  vars->init_temp    = mfe_vars->temperature;
+  vars->pf_scale     = pf_scale;
+
+  vars->scale        = (FLT_OR_DBL *) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL)*(length+1));
+  vars->ptype        = space(sizeof(char) * size);
+  vars->S            = NULL;
+  vars->S1           = NULL;
+  vars->pf_params    = NULL;
+  vars->maxD1        = mfe_vars->maxD1;
+  vars->maxD2        = mfe_vars->maxD2;
+
+  vars->jindx      = get_indx(vars->seq_length);
+  vars->my_iindx   = get_iindx(vars->seq_length);
+
+  /* allocate memory for the pf matrices and min-/max-index helper arrays */
+  vars->Q                = (FLT_OR_DBL ***) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL **)  * size);
+  vars->l_min_values     = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->l_max_values     = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->k_min_values     = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+  vars->k_max_values     = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+
+  vars->Q_B              = (FLT_OR_DBL ***) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL **)  * size);
+  vars->l_min_values_b   = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->l_max_values_b   = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->k_min_values_b   = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+  vars->k_max_values_b   = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+
+  vars->Q_M              = (FLT_OR_DBL ***) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL **)  * size);
+  vars->l_min_values_m   = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->l_max_values_m   = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->k_min_values_m   = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+  vars->k_max_values_m   = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+
+  vars->Q_M1             = (FLT_OR_DBL ***) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL **)  * size);
+  vars->l_min_values_m1  = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->l_max_values_m1  = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * size);
+  vars->k_min_values_m1  = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+  vars->k_max_values_m1  = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * size);
+
+
+  if(vars->circ){
+    vars->Q_M2             = (FLT_OR_DBL ***) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL **)  * (length + 1));
+    vars->l_min_values_m2  = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * (length + 1));
+    vars->l_max_values_m2  = (int **)  space(sizeof(int *)   * (length + 1));
+    vars->k_min_values_m2  = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * (length + 1));
+    vars->k_max_values_m2  = (int *)   space(sizeof(int)     * (length + 1));
+  }
+  else{
+    vars->Q_M2             = NULL;
+    vars->l_min_values_m2  = NULL;
+    vars->l_max_values_m2  = NULL;
+    vars->k_min_values_m2  = NULL;
+    vars->k_max_values_m2  = NULL;
+  }
+  vars->Q_c               = NULL;
+  vars->Q_cH              = NULL;
+  vars->Q_cI              = NULL;
+  vars->Q_cM              = NULL;
+
+  /* prepare everything that is known from previous mfe folding step */
+  for(i = 1; i < length; i++)
+    for(j = i; j <= length; j++){
+      int mem;
+      ij                        = vars->my_iindx[i] - j;
+      jij                       = vars->jindx[j] + i;
+
+      if(mfe_vars->E_C[ij]){
+        mem                       = mfe_vars->k_max_values[ij] - mfe_vars->k_min_values[ij] + 1;
+        vars->k_min_values_b[ij]  = mfe_vars->k_min_values[ij];
+        vars->k_max_values_b[ij]  = mfe_vars->k_max_values[ij];
+        vars->Q_B[ij]             = (FLT_OR_DBL **)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL *) * mem);
+        vars->l_min_values_b[ij]  = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+        vars->l_max_values_b[ij]  = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+        vars->Q_B[ij]             -= vars->k_min_values_b[ij];
+        vars->l_min_values_b[ij]  -= vars->k_min_values_b[ij];
+        vars->l_max_values_b[ij]  -= vars->k_min_values_b[ij];
+        for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_b[ij]; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_b[ij]; cnt1++){
+          vars->l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1] = mfe_vars->l_min_values[ij][cnt1];
+          vars->l_max_values_b[ij][cnt1] = mfe_vars->l_max_values[ij][cnt1];
+          if(vars->l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1] < INF){
+            vars->Q_B[ij][cnt1] = (FLT_OR_DBL *)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL) * ((vars->l_max_values_b[ij][cnt1] - vars->l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1] + 1)/2 + 1));
+            vars->Q_B[ij][cnt1] -= vars->l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1]/2;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if(mfe_vars->E_M[ij]){
+        mem                       = mfe_vars->k_max_values_m[ij] - mfe_vars->k_min_values_m[ij] + 1;
+        vars->k_min_values_m[ij]  = mfe_vars->k_min_values_m[ij];
+        vars->k_max_values_m[ij]  = mfe_vars->k_max_values_m[ij];
+        vars->Q_M[ij]             = (FLT_OR_DBL **)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL *) * mem);
+        vars->l_min_values_m[ij]  = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+        vars->l_max_values_m[ij]  = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+        vars->Q_M[ij]             -= vars->k_min_values_m[ij];
+        vars->l_min_values_m[ij]  -= vars->k_min_values_m[ij];
+        vars->l_max_values_m[ij]  -= vars->k_min_values_m[ij];
+        for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_m[ij]; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_m[ij]; cnt1++){
+          vars->l_min_values_m[ij][cnt1] = mfe_vars->l_min_values_m[ij][cnt1];
+          vars->l_max_values_m[ij][cnt1] = mfe_vars->l_max_values_m[ij][cnt1];
+          if(vars->l_min_values_m[ij][cnt1] < INF){
+            vars->Q_M[ij][cnt1] = (FLT_OR_DBL *)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL) * ((vars->l_max_values_m[ij][cnt1] - vars->l_min_values_m[ij][cnt1] + 1)/2 + 1));
+            vars->Q_M[ij][cnt1] -= vars->l_min_values_m[ij][cnt1]/2;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if(mfe_vars->E_M1[ij]){
+        mem                       = mfe_vars->k_max_values_m1[ij] - mfe_vars->k_min_values_m1[ij] + 1;
+        vars->k_min_values_m1[jij] = mfe_vars->k_min_values_m1[ij];
+        vars->k_max_values_m1[jij] = mfe_vars->k_max_values_m1[ij];
+        vars->Q_M1[jij]            = (FLT_OR_DBL **)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL *) * mem);
+        vars->l_min_values_m1[jij] = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+        vars->l_max_values_m1[jij] = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+        vars->Q_M1[jij]            -= vars->k_min_values_m1[jij];
+        vars->l_min_values_m1[jij] -= vars->k_min_values_m1[jij];
+        vars->l_max_values_m1[jij] -= vars->k_min_values_m1[jij];
+        for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_m1[jij]; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_m1[jij]; cnt1++){
+          vars->l_min_values_m1[jij][cnt1] = mfe_vars->l_min_values_m1[ij][cnt1];
+          vars->l_max_values_m1[jij][cnt1] = mfe_vars->l_max_values_m1[ij][cnt1];
+          if(vars->l_min_values_m1[jij][cnt1] < INF){
+            vars->Q_M1[jij][cnt1]            = (FLT_OR_DBL *)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL) * ((vars->l_max_values_m1[jij][cnt1] - vars->l_min_values_m1[jij][cnt1] + 1)/2 + 1));
+            vars->Q_M1[jij][cnt1]            -= vars->l_min_values_m1[jij][cnt1]/2;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  if(vars->circ){
+    int mem;
+    if(mfe_vars->E_Fc){
+      mem = mfe_vars->k_max_values_fc - mfe_vars->k_min_values_fc + 1;
+      vars->Q_c             = (FLT_OR_DBL **)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL *) * mem);
+      vars->l_min_values_qc = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+      vars->l_max_values_qc = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+      vars->k_min_values_qc = mfe_vars->k_min_values_fc;
+      vars->k_max_values_qc = mfe_vars->k_max_values_fc;
+      vars->Q_c             -= vars->k_min_values_qc;
+      vars->l_min_values_qc -= vars->k_min_values_qc;
+      vars->l_max_values_qc -= vars->k_min_values_qc;
+      for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_qc; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_qc; cnt1++){
+        mem = (mfe_vars->l_max_values_fc[cnt1] - mfe_vars->l_min_values_fc[cnt1] + 1)/2 + 1;
+        vars->l_min_values_qc[cnt1] = mfe_vars->l_min_values_fc[cnt1];
+        vars->l_max_values_qc[cnt1] = mfe_vars->l_max_values_fc[cnt1];
+        if(vars->l_min_values_qc[cnt1] < INF){
+          vars->Q_c[cnt1]             = (FLT_OR_DBL *)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL) * mem);
+          vars->Q_c[cnt1]             -= vars->l_min_values_qc[cnt1]/2;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if(mfe_vars->E_FcH){
+      mem = mfe_vars->k_max_values_fcH - mfe_vars->k_min_values_fcH + 1;
+      vars->Q_cH              = (FLT_OR_DBL **)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL *) * mem);
+      vars->l_min_values_qcH  = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+      vars->l_max_values_qcH  = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+      vars->k_min_values_qcH  = mfe_vars->k_min_values_fcH;
+      vars->k_max_values_qcH  = mfe_vars->k_max_values_fcH;
+      vars->Q_cH              -= vars->k_min_values_qcH;
+      vars->l_min_values_qcH  -= vars->k_min_values_qcH;
+      vars->l_max_values_qcH  -= vars->k_min_values_qcH;
+      for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_qcH; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_qcH; cnt1++){
+        mem = (mfe_vars->l_max_values_fcH[cnt1] - mfe_vars->l_min_values_fcH[cnt1] + 1)/2 + 1;
+        vars->l_min_values_qcH[cnt1]  = mfe_vars->l_min_values_fcH[cnt1];
+        vars->l_max_values_qcH[cnt1]  = mfe_vars->l_max_values_fcH[cnt1];
+        if(vars->l_min_values_qcH[cnt1] < INF){
+          vars->Q_cH[cnt1]              = (FLT_OR_DBL *)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL) * mem);
+          vars->Q_cH[cnt1]              -= vars->l_min_values_qcH[cnt1]/2;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if(mfe_vars->E_FcI){
+      mem = mfe_vars->k_max_values_fcI - mfe_vars->k_min_values_fcI + 1;
+      vars->Q_cI              = (FLT_OR_DBL **)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL *) * mem);
+      vars->l_min_values_qcI  = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+      vars->l_max_values_qcI  = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+      vars->k_min_values_qcI  = mfe_vars->k_min_values_fcI;
+      vars->k_max_values_qcI  = mfe_vars->k_max_values_fcI;
+      vars->Q_cI              -= vars->k_min_values_qcI;
+      vars->l_min_values_qcI  -= vars->k_min_values_qcI;
+      vars->l_max_values_qcI  -= vars->k_min_values_qcI;
+      for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_qcI; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_qcI; cnt1++){
+        mem = (mfe_vars->l_max_values_fcI[cnt1] - mfe_vars->l_min_values_fcI[cnt1] + 1)/2 + 1;
+        vars->l_min_values_qcI[cnt1]  = mfe_vars->l_min_values_fcI[cnt1];
+        vars->l_max_values_qcI[cnt1]  = mfe_vars->l_max_values_fcI[cnt1];
+        if(vars->l_min_values_qcI[cnt1] < INF){
+          vars->Q_cI[cnt1]              = (FLT_OR_DBL *)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL) * mem);
+          vars->Q_cI[cnt1]              -= vars->l_min_values_qcI[cnt1]/2;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if(mfe_vars->E_FcM){
+      mem = mfe_vars->k_max_values_fcM - mfe_vars->k_min_values_fcM + 1;
+      vars->Q_cM              = (FLT_OR_DBL **)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL *) * mem);
+      vars->l_min_values_qcM  = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+      vars->l_max_values_qcM  = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+      vars->k_min_values_qcM  = mfe_vars->k_min_values_fcM;
+      vars->k_max_values_qcM  = mfe_vars->k_max_values_fcM;
+      vars->Q_cM              -= vars->k_min_values_qcM;
+      vars->l_min_values_qcM  -= vars->k_min_values_qcM;
+      vars->l_max_values_qcM  -= vars->k_min_values_qcM;
+      for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_qcM; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_qcM; cnt1++){
+        mem = (mfe_vars->l_max_values_fcM[cnt1] - mfe_vars->l_min_values_fcM[cnt1] + 1)/2 + 1;
+        vars->l_min_values_qcM[cnt1]  = mfe_vars->l_min_values_fcM[cnt1];
+        vars->l_max_values_qcM[cnt1]  = mfe_vars->l_max_values_fcM[cnt1];
+        if(vars->l_min_values_qcM[cnt1] < INF){
+          vars->Q_cM[cnt1]              = (FLT_OR_DBL *)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL) * mem);
+          vars->Q_cM[cnt1]              -= vars->l_min_values_qcM[cnt1]/2;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if(mfe_vars->E_M2){
+      vars->Q_M2 = (FLT_OR_DBL ***)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL **) * (length + 1));
+      vars->k_min_values_m2 = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * (length + 1));
+      vars->k_max_values_m2 = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * (length + 1));
+      vars->l_min_values_m2 = (int **)space(sizeof(int *) * (length + 1));
+      vars->l_max_values_m2 = (int **)space(sizeof(int *) * (length + 1));
+      for(i=1; i < length - TURN - 1; i++){
+        if(!mfe_vars->E_M2[i]) continue;
+        mem = mfe_vars->k_max_values_m2[i] - mfe_vars->k_min_values_m2[i] + 1;
+        vars->k_min_values_m2[i]  = mfe_vars->k_min_values_m2[i];
+        vars->k_max_values_m2[i]  = mfe_vars->k_max_values_m2[i];
+        vars->Q_M2[i]             = (FLT_OR_DBL **)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL *) * mem);
+        vars->l_min_values_m2[i]  = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+        vars->l_max_values_m2[i]  = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+        vars->Q_M2[i]             -= vars->k_min_values_m2[i];
+        vars->l_min_values_m2[i]  -= vars->k_min_values_m2[i];
+        vars->l_max_values_m2[i]  -= vars->k_min_values_m2[i];
+        for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_m2[i]; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_m2[i]; cnt1++){
+          mem = (mfe_vars->l_max_values_m2[i][cnt1] - mfe_vars->l_min_values_m2[i][cnt1] + 1)/2 + 1;
+          vars->l_min_values_m2[i][cnt1]  = mfe_vars->l_min_values_m2[i][cnt1];
+          vars->l_max_values_m2[i][cnt1]  = mfe_vars->l_max_values_m2[i][cnt1];
+          if(vars->l_min_values_m2[i][cnt1] < INF){
+            vars->Q_M2[i][cnt1]                  = (FLT_OR_DBL *)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL) * mem);
+            vars->Q_M2[i][cnt1]                  -= vars->l_min_values_m2[i][cnt1]/2;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  else{
+    vars->Q_M2 = NULL;
+    vars->Q_c = vars->Q_cH = vars->Q_cI = vars->Q_cM = NULL;
+    vars->k_min_values_m2   = vars->k_max_values_m2   = NULL;
+    vars->l_min_values_m2   = vars->l_max_values_m2   = NULL;
+    vars->l_min_values_qc   = vars->l_max_values_qc   = NULL;
+    vars->l_min_values_qcH  = vars->l_max_values_qcH  = NULL;
+    vars->l_min_values_qcI  = vars->l_max_values_qcI  = NULL;
+    vars->l_min_values_qcM  = vars->l_max_values_qcM  = NULL;
+  }
+
+  return vars;
+}
+
+PUBLIC void destroy_TwoDpfold_variables(TwoDpfold_vars *vars){
+  unsigned int i, j, ij;
+  int cnt1;
+  if(vars == NULL) return;
+
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  #pragma omp sections private(i,j,ij)
+  {
+
+  #pragma omp section
+  {
+#endif
+  if(vars->Q != NULL){
+    for(i = 1; i <= vars->seq_length; i++){
+      for(j = i; j <= vars->seq_length; j++){
+        ij = vars->my_iindx[i] - j;
+        if(!vars->Q[ij]) continue;
+        for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values[ij]; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values[ij]; cnt1++)
+          if(vars->l_min_values[ij][cnt1] < INF){
+            vars->Q[ij][cnt1] += vars->l_min_values[ij][cnt1]/2;
+            free(vars->Q[ij][cnt1]);
+          }
+        if(vars->k_min_values[ij] < INF){
+          vars->Q[ij] += vars->k_min_values[ij];
+          free(vars->Q[ij]);
+          vars->l_min_values[ij] += vars->k_min_values[ij];
+          vars->l_max_values[ij] += vars->k_min_values[ij];
+          free(vars->l_min_values[ij]);
+          free(vars->l_max_values[ij]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    free(vars->Q);
+    free(vars->l_min_values);
+    free(vars->l_max_values);
+    free(vars->k_min_values);
+    free(vars->k_max_values);
+  }
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  }
+  #pragma omp section
+  {
+#endif
+  if(vars->Q_B != NULL){
+    for(i = 1; i < vars->seq_length; i++){
+      for(j = i; j <= vars->seq_length; j++){
+        ij = vars->my_iindx[i] - j;
+        if(!vars->Q_B[ij]) continue;
+        for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_b[ij]; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_b[ij]; cnt1++)
+          if(vars->l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1] < INF){
+            vars->Q_B[ij][cnt1] += vars->l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1]/2;
+            free(vars->Q_B[ij][cnt1]);
+          }
+        if(vars->k_min_values_b[ij] < INF){
+          vars->Q_B[ij] += vars->k_min_values_b[ij];
+          free(vars->Q_B[ij]);
+          vars->l_min_values_b[ij] += vars->k_min_values_b[ij];
+          vars->l_max_values_b[ij] += vars->k_min_values_b[ij];
+          free(vars->l_min_values_b[ij]);
+          free(vars->l_max_values_b[ij]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    free(vars->Q_B);
+    free(vars->l_min_values_b);
+    free(vars->l_max_values_b);
+    free(vars->k_min_values_b);
+    free(vars->k_max_values_b);
+  }
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  }
+  #pragma omp section
+  {
+#endif
+  if(vars->Q_M != NULL){
+    for(i = 1; i < vars->seq_length; i++){
+      for(j = i; j <= vars->seq_length; j++){
+        ij = vars->my_iindx[i] - j;
+        if(!vars->Q_M[ij]) continue;
+        for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_m[ij]; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_m[ij]; cnt1++)
+          if(vars->l_min_values_m[ij][cnt1] < INF){
+            vars->Q_M[ij][cnt1] += vars->l_min_values_m[ij][cnt1]/2;
+            free(vars->Q_M[ij][cnt1]);
+          }
+        if(vars->k_min_values_m[ij] < INF){
+          vars->Q_M[ij] += vars->k_min_values_m[ij];
+          free(vars->Q_M[ij]);
+          vars->l_min_values_m[ij] += vars->k_min_values_m[ij];
+          vars->l_max_values_m[ij] += vars->k_min_values_m[ij];
+          free(vars->l_min_values_m[ij]);
+          free(vars->l_max_values_m[ij]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    free(vars->Q_M);
+    free(vars->l_min_values_m);
+    free(vars->l_max_values_m);
+    free(vars->k_min_values_m);
+    free(vars->k_max_values_m);
+  }
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  }
+  #pragma omp section
+  {
+#endif
+  if(vars->Q_M1 != NULL){
+    for(i = 1; i < vars->seq_length; i++){
+      for(j = i; j <= vars->seq_length; j++){
+        ij = vars->jindx[j] + i;
+        if(!vars->Q_M1[ij]) continue;
+        for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_m1[ij]; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_m1[ij]; cnt1++)
+          if(vars->l_min_values_m1[ij][cnt1] < INF){
+            vars->Q_M1[ij][cnt1] += vars->l_min_values_m1[ij][cnt1]/2;
+            free(vars->Q_M1[ij][cnt1]);
+          }
+        if(vars->k_min_values_m1[ij] < INF){
+          vars->Q_M1[ij] += vars->k_min_values_m1[ij];
+          free(vars->Q_M1[ij]);
+          vars->l_min_values_m1[ij] += vars->k_min_values_m1[ij];
+          vars->l_max_values_m1[ij] += vars->k_min_values_m1[ij];
+          free(vars->l_min_values_m1[ij]);
+          free(vars->l_max_values_m1[ij]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    free(vars->Q_M1);
+    free(vars->l_min_values_m1);
+    free(vars->l_max_values_m1);
+    free(vars->k_min_values_m1);
+    free(vars->k_max_values_m1);
+  }
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  }
+  #pragma omp section
+  {
+#endif
+  if(vars->Q_M2 != NULL){
+    for(i = 1; i < vars->seq_length-TURN-1; i++){
+      if(!vars->Q_M2[i]) continue;
+      for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_m2[i]; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_m2[i]; cnt1++)
+        if(vars->l_min_values_m2[i][cnt1] < INF){
+          vars->Q_M2[i][cnt1] += vars->l_min_values_m2[i][cnt1]/2;
+          free(vars->Q_M2[i][cnt1]);
+        }
+      if(vars->k_min_values_m2[i] < INF){
+        vars->Q_M2[i] += vars->k_min_values_m2[i];
+        free(vars->Q_M2[i]);
+        vars->l_min_values_m2[i] += vars->k_min_values_m2[i];
+        vars->l_max_values_m2[i] += vars->k_min_values_m2[i];
+        free(vars->l_min_values_m2[i]);
+        free(vars->l_max_values_m2[i]);
+      }
+    }
+    free(vars->Q_M2);
+    free(vars->l_min_values_m2);
+    free(vars->l_max_values_m2);
+    free(vars->k_min_values_m2);
+    free(vars->k_max_values_m2);
+  }
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  }
+  #pragma omp section
+  {
+#endif
+  if(vars->Q_c != NULL){
+    for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_qc; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_qc; cnt1++)
+      if(vars->l_min_values_qc[cnt1] < INF){
+        vars->Q_c[cnt1] += vars->l_min_values_qc[cnt1]/2;
+        free(vars->Q_c[cnt1]);
+      }
+    if(vars->k_min_values_qc < INF){
+      vars->Q_c += vars->k_min_values_qc;
+      free(vars->Q_c);
+      vars->l_min_values_qc += vars->k_min_values_qc;
+      vars->l_max_values_qc += vars->k_min_values_qc;
+      free(vars->l_min_values_qc);
+      free(vars->l_max_values_qc);
+    }
+  }
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  }
+  #pragma omp section
+  {
+#endif
+  if(vars->Q_cI != NULL){
+    for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_qcI; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_qcI; cnt1++)
+      if(vars->l_min_values_qcI[cnt1] < INF){
+        vars->Q_cI[cnt1] += vars->l_min_values_qcI[cnt1]/2;
+        free(vars->Q_cI[cnt1]);
+      }
+    if(vars->k_min_values_qcI < INF){
+      vars->Q_cI += vars->k_min_values_qcI;
+      free(vars->Q_cI);
+      vars->l_min_values_qcI += vars->k_min_values_qcI;
+      vars->l_max_values_qcI += vars->k_min_values_qcI;
+      free(vars->l_min_values_qcI);
+      free(vars->l_max_values_qcI);
+    }
+  }
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  }
+  #pragma omp section
+  {
+#endif
+  if(vars->Q_cH != NULL){
+    for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_qcH; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_qcH; cnt1++)
+      if(vars->l_min_values_qcH[cnt1] < INF){
+        vars->Q_cH[cnt1] += vars->l_min_values_qcH[cnt1]/2;
+        free(vars->Q_cH[cnt1]);
+      }
+    if(vars->k_min_values_qcH < INF){
+      vars->Q_cH += vars->k_min_values_qcH;
+      free(vars->Q_cH);
+      vars->l_min_values_qcH += vars->k_min_values_qcH;
+      vars->l_max_values_qcH += vars->k_min_values_qcH;
+      free(vars->l_min_values_qcH);
+      free(vars->l_max_values_qcH);
+    }
+  }
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  }
+  #pragma omp section
+  {
+#endif
+  if(vars->Q_cM != NULL){
+    for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_qcM; cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_qcM; cnt1++)
+      if(vars->l_min_values_qcM[cnt1] < INF){
+        vars->Q_cM[cnt1] += vars->l_min_values_qcM[cnt1]/2;
+        free(vars->Q_cM[cnt1]);
+      }
+    if(vars->k_min_values_qcM < INF){
+      vars->Q_cM += vars->k_min_values_qcM;
+      free(vars->Q_cM);
+      vars->l_min_values_qcM += vars->k_min_values_qcM;
+      vars->l_max_values_qcM += vars->k_min_values_qcM;
+      free(vars->l_min_values_qcM);
+      free(vars->l_max_values_qcM);
+    }
+  }
+
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  }
+  #pragma omp section
+  {
+#endif
+
+  if(vars->Q_rem)     free(vars->Q_rem);
+  if(vars->Q_B_rem)   free(vars->Q_B_rem);
+  if(vars->Q_M_rem)   free(vars->Q_M_rem);
+  if(vars->Q_M1_rem)  free(vars->Q_M1_rem);
+  if(vars->Q_M2_rem)  free(vars->Q_M2_rem);
+
+  if(vars->sequence != NULL)   free(vars->sequence);
+  if(vars->reference_pt1 != NULL) free(vars->reference_pt1);
+  if(vars->reference_pt2 != NULL) free(vars->reference_pt2);
+  if(vars->referenceBPs1 != NULL) free(vars->referenceBPs1);
+  if(vars->referenceBPs2 != NULL) free(vars->referenceBPs2);
+  if(vars->ptype != NULL)      free(vars->ptype);
+  if(vars->scale != NULL)      free(vars->scale);
+
+  if(vars->S != NULL)          free(vars->S);
+  if(vars->pf_params != NULL)   free(vars->pf_params);
+  if(vars->S1 != NULL)         free(vars->S1);
+  if(vars->mm1 != NULL)           free(vars->mm1);
+  if(vars->mm2 != NULL)           free(vars->mm2);
+  if(vars->bpdist != NULL)        free(vars->bpdist);
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  if(vars->my_iindx != NULL)   free(vars->my_iindx);
+  if(vars->jindx != NULL)      free(vars->jindx);
+
+  free(vars);
+}
+
+
+PRIVATE void initialize_TwoDpfold_vars(TwoDpfold_vars *vars){
+  scale_pf_params2(vars);
+  make_pair_matrix();
+}
+
+TwoDpfold_solution *TwoDpfoldList(TwoDpfold_vars *vars, int distance1, int distance2){
+  unsigned int  maxD1 = 0, maxD2 = 0, counter = 0;
+  int           cnt1, cnt2, k_min, k_max, l_min, l_max, ndx;
+  FLT_OR_DBL    q = 0.;
+
+  TwoDpfold_solution *output;
+
+  initialize_TwoDpfold_vars(vars);
+
+  vars->S   = encode_sequence(vars->sequence, 0);
+  vars->S1  = encode_sequence(vars->sequence, 1);
+  make_ptypes2(vars);
+
+  maxD1 = vars->maxD1;
+  maxD2 = vars->maxD2;
+
+  if(distance1 >= 0){
+    if((unsigned int)distance1 > maxD1)
+      fprintf(stderr,
+              "TwoDpfoldList@2Dpfold.c: limiting maximum basepair distance 1 to %u\n",
+              maxD1);
+    else
+      maxD1 = (unsigned int)distance1;
+  }
+
+  if(distance2 >= 0){
+    if((unsigned int)distance2 > maxD2)
+      fprintf(stderr,
+              "TwoDpfoldList@2Dpfold.c: limiting maximum basepair distance 2 to %u\n",
+              maxD2);
+    else
+      maxD2 = (unsigned int)distance2;
+  }
+  vars->maxD1 = maxD1;
+  vars->maxD2 = maxD2;
+
+  output = (TwoDpfold_solution *)space((((maxD1+1)*(maxD2+2))/2 + 2) * sizeof(TwoDpfold_solution));
+
+  pf2D_linear(vars);
+  if(vars->circ) pf2D_circ(vars);
+
+  ndx   = vars->my_iindx[1] - vars->seq_length;
+  k_min = (vars->circ) ? vars->k_min_values_qc: vars->k_min_values[ndx];
+  k_max = (vars->circ) ? vars->k_max_values_qc: vars->k_max_values[ndx];
+
+  for(cnt1 =  k_min;
+      cnt1 <= k_max;
+      cnt1++){
+    l_min = (vars->circ) ? vars->l_min_values_qc[cnt1] : vars->l_min_values[ndx][cnt1];
+    l_max = (vars->circ) ? vars->l_max_values_qc[cnt1] : vars->l_max_values[ndx][cnt1];
+    for(cnt2 =  l_min;
+        cnt2 <= l_max;
+        cnt2 += 2){
+      q = (vars->circ) ? vars->Q_c[cnt1][cnt2/2] : vars->Q[ndx][cnt1][cnt2/2];
+      if(q == 0.) continue;
+      output[counter].k = cnt1;
+      output[counter].l = cnt2;
+      output[counter].q = q;
+      counter++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* store entry for remaining partition if it exists */
+  q = (vars->circ) ? vars->Q_c_rem : vars->Q_rem[ndx];
+  if(q != 0.){
+    output[counter].k = -1;
+    output[counter].l = -1;
+    output[counter].q = q;
+    counter++;
+  }
+
+  /* insert end-marker entry */
+  output[counter].k = output[counter].l = INF;
+  counter++;
+
+  /* resize to actual dataset amount */
+  output = (TwoDpfold_solution*)xrealloc(output, sizeof(TwoDpfold_solution) * counter);
+  return output;
+}
+
+PUBLIC FLT_OR_DBL **TwoDpfold(TwoDpfold_vars *vars, int distance1, int distance2){
+  unsigned int  i;
+  unsigned int  maxD1 = 0;
+  unsigned int  maxD2 = 0;
+  unsigned int  mm;
+  int           cnt1, cnt2;
+
+  FLT_OR_DBL **output;
+
+  initialize_TwoDpfold_vars(vars);
+
+  vars->S   = encode_sequence(vars->sequence, 0);
+  vars->S1  = encode_sequence(vars->sequence, 1);
+  make_ptypes2(vars);
+
+  for(i=1; i<=(unsigned int)vars->reference_pt1[0]; i++)
+    if(i < (unsigned int)vars->reference_pt1[i]) maxD1++;
+  for(i=1; i<=(unsigned int)vars->reference_pt2[0]; i++)
+    if(i < (unsigned int)vars->reference_pt2[i]) maxD2++;
+  mm    = maximumMatching(vars->sequence);
+  maxD1 += mm;
+  maxD2 += mm;
+
+  if(distance1 >= 0){
+    if((unsigned int)distance1 > maxD1)
+      fprintf(stderr, "limiting maximum basepair distance 1 to %u\n", maxD1);
+    maxD1 = (unsigned int)distance1;
+  }
+
+  if(distance2 >= 0){
+    if((unsigned int)distance2 > maxD2)
+      fprintf(stderr, "limiting maximum basepair distance 2 to %u\n", maxD2);
+    maxD2 = (unsigned int)distance2;
+  }
+  vars->maxD1 = maxD1;
+  vars->maxD2 = maxD2;
+
+
+  output = (FLT_OR_DBL **) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL*) * (maxD1+1));
+  pf2D_linear(vars);
+  int ndx = vars->my_iindx[1] - vars->seq_length;
+  for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values[ndx]; cnt1 <= MIN2(vars->k_max_values[ndx], vars->maxD1); cnt1++){
+    output[cnt1] = (FLT_OR_DBL *)space((vars->maxD2+1)*sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL));
+    for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values[ndx][cnt1]; cnt2 <= MIN2(vars->l_max_values[ndx][cnt1], vars->maxD2); cnt2+=2){
+      output[cnt1][cnt2] = vars->Q[ndx][cnt1][cnt2/2];
+    }
+  }
+  return output;
+}
+
+PUBLIC FLT_OR_DBL **TwoDpfold_circ(TwoDpfold_vars *vars, int distance1, int distance2){
+  unsigned int i;
+  unsigned int maxD1 = 0;
+  unsigned int maxD2 = 0;
+  unsigned int mm;
+  int           cnt1, cnt2;
+  FLT_OR_DBL **output;
+
+  initialize_TwoDpfold_vars(vars);
+
+  vars->S   = encode_sequence(vars->sequence, 0);
+  vars->S1  = encode_sequence(vars->sequence, 1);
+  make_ptypes2(vars);
+
+  for(i=1; i<=(unsigned int)vars->reference_pt1[0]; i++)
+    if(i < (unsigned int)vars->reference_pt1[i]) maxD1++;
+  for(i=1; i<=(unsigned int)vars->reference_pt2[0]; i++)
+    if(i < (unsigned int)vars->reference_pt2[i]) maxD2++;
+  mm = maximumMatching(vars->sequence);
+  maxD1 += mm;
+  maxD2 += mm;
+
+  if(distance1 >= 0){
+    if((unsigned int)distance1 > maxD1)
+      fprintf(stderr, "limiting maximum basepair distance 1 to %u\n", maxD1);
+    maxD1 = (unsigned int)distance1;
+  }
+
+  if(distance2 >= 0){
+    if((unsigned int)distance2 > maxD2)
+      fprintf(stderr, "limiting maximum basepair distance 2 to %u\n", maxD2);
+    maxD2 = (unsigned int)distance2;
+  }
+  vars->maxD1 = maxD1;
+  vars->maxD2 = maxD2;
+
+  output = (FLT_OR_DBL **) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL*) * (maxD1+1));
+  pf2D_linear(vars);
+  pf2D_circ(vars);
+
+  for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_qc; cnt1 <= MIN2(vars->k_max_values_qc, vars->maxD1); cnt1++){
+    output[cnt1] = (FLT_OR_DBL *)space((vars->maxD2+1)*sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL));
+    for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_qc[cnt1]; cnt2 <= MIN2(vars->l_max_values_qc[cnt1], vars->maxD2); cnt2+=2){
+      output[cnt1][cnt2] = vars->Q_c[cnt1][cnt2/2];
+    }
+  }
+  return output;
+}
+
+PRIVATE void pf2D_linear(TwoDpfold_vars *vars){
+
+  char          *sequence, *ptype;
+  short         *S1, *reference_pt1, *reference_pt2;
+  unsigned int  *referenceBPs1, *referenceBPs2,
+                d, i, j, ij, seq_length, maxD1,
+                maxD2, *mm1, *mm2, *bpdist;
+  int           *my_iindx, *jindx, circ, cnt1, cnt2, cnt3, cnt4;
+  double        max_real;
+  FLT_OR_DBL    *scale, Qmax;
+  pf_paramT     *pf_params;
+
+  max_real = (sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL) == sizeof(float)) ? FLT_MAX : DBL_MAX;
+
+  pf_params     = vars->pf_params;
+  sequence      = vars->sequence;
+  seq_length    = vars->seq_length;
+  maxD1         = vars->maxD1;
+  maxD2         = vars->maxD2;
+  S1            = vars->S1;
+  ptype         = vars->ptype;
+  scale         = vars->scale;
+  reference_pt1 = vars->reference_pt1;
+  reference_pt2 = vars->reference_pt2;
+  my_iindx      = vars->my_iindx;
+  jindx         = vars->jindx;
+  referenceBPs1 = vars->referenceBPs1;
+  referenceBPs2 = vars->referenceBPs2;
+  dangles       = vars->dangles;
+  circ          = vars->circ;
+  mm1           = vars->mm1;
+  mm2           = vars->mm2;
+  bpdist        = vars->bpdist;
+
+
+  /*array initialization ; qb,qm,q
+    qb,qm,q (i,j) are stored as ((n+1-i)*(n-i) div 2 + n+1-j */
+
+  for (j = 1; j<=seq_length; j++)
+    for (i=(j>TURN?(j-TURN):1); i<=j; i++){
+      ij                        = my_iindx[i]-j;
+      vars->k_min_values[ij]    = 0;
+      vars->k_max_values[ij]    = 0;
+      vars->l_min_values[ij]    = (int *)space(sizeof(int));
+      vars->l_max_values[ij]    = (int *)space(sizeof(int));
+      vars->l_min_values[ij][0] = 0;
+      vars->l_max_values[ij][0] = 0;
+      vars->Q[ij]               = (FLT_OR_DBL **) space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL *));
+      vars->Q[ij][0]            = (FLT_OR_DBL *)  space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL));
+      vars->Q[ij][0][0]         = 1.0 * scale[j-i+1];
+    }
+
+
+  for (d = TURN+2; d <= seq_length; d++) { /* i,j in [1..seq_length] */
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  #pragma omp parallel for private(i, j, ij, cnt1, cnt2, cnt3, cnt4)
+#endif
+    for (j = d; j <= seq_length; j++) {
+      unsigned int k,l, kl, u, ii, dij;
+      int no_close, type, type_2, tt, da, db, base_da, base_db;
+      FLT_OR_DBL  temp2, aux_en;
+
+      i     = j-d+1;
+      ij    = my_iindx[i]-j;
+      dij   = j - i - 1;
+      type  = ptype[ij];
+
+
+      no_close = (((type==3)||(type==4))&&no_closingGU);
+
+      if (type) {   /* we have a pair */
+
+        int k_min_b, k_max_b, l_min_b, l_max_b;
+        int k_min_post_b, k_max_post_b, *l_min_post_b, *l_max_post_b;
+        int update_b = 0;
+
+        if(!vars->Q_B[ij]){
+          update_b = 1;
+          k_min_b = l_min_b = 0;
+          k_max_b = mm1[ij] + referenceBPs1[ij];
+          l_max_b = mm2[ij] + referenceBPs2[ij];
+
+          prepareBoundaries(k_min_b,
+                            k_max_b,
+                            l_min_b,
+                            l_max_b,
+                            bpdist[ij],
+                            &vars->k_min_values_b[ij],
+                            &vars->k_max_values_b[ij],
+                            &vars->l_min_values_b[ij],
+                            &vars->l_max_values_b[ij]
+                            );
+          preparePosteriorBoundaries( vars->k_max_values_b[ij] - vars->k_min_values_b[ij] + 1,
+                                      vars->k_min_values_b[ij],
+                                      &k_min_post_b,
+                                      &k_max_post_b,
+                                      &l_min_post_b,
+                                      &l_max_post_b
+                                  );
+
+          prepareArray( &vars->Q_B[ij],
+                        vars->k_min_values_b[ij],
+                        vars->k_max_values_b[ij],
+                        vars->l_min_values_b[ij],
+                        vars->l_max_values_b[ij]
+                    );
+        }
+
+
+        /* hairpin ----------------------------------------------*/
+
+        /* get distance to reference if closing the hairpin
+        *  d1a = dbp(T1_{i,j}, {i,j})
+        */
+        base_da = ((unsigned int)reference_pt1[i] != j) ? 1 : -1;
+        base_db = ((unsigned int)reference_pt2[i] != j) ? 1 : -1;
+
+        da = base_da + referenceBPs1[ij];
+        db = base_db + referenceBPs2[ij];
+
+        if(!no_close)
+          if((da >= 0) && (db >= 0)){
+            if(((unsigned int)da<=maxD1) && ((unsigned int)db <= maxD2)){
+              vars->Q_B[ij][da][db/2] = exp_E_Hairpin(dij, type, S1[i+1], S1[j-1], sequence+i-1, pf_params) * scale[dij+2];
+              if(update_b){
+                updatePosteriorBoundaries( da,
+                                           db,
+                                           &k_min_post_b,
+                                           &k_max_post_b,
+                                           &l_min_post_b,
+                                           &l_max_post_b
+                                         );
+              }
+            }
+            else{
+              vars->Q_B_rem[ij] = exp_E_Hairpin(dij, type, S1[i+1], S1[j-1], sequence+i-1, pf_params) * scale[dij+2];
+            }
+          }
+        /*--------------------------------------------------------
+          check for elementary structures involving more than one
+          closing pair.
+        --------------------------------------------------------*/
+        for (k = i+1; k <= MIN2(j-2-TURN,i+MAXLOOP+1) ; k++) {
+          unsigned int minl, ln_pre;
+          minl = k + TURN + 1;
+          ln_pre = dij + k;
+          if(ln_pre > minl + MAXLOOP) minl = ln_pre - MAXLOOP - 1;
+          for (l = minl; l < j; l++) {
+            kl = my_iindx[k] - l;
+            type_2 = ptype[kl];
+
+            if (type_2==0) continue;
+            type_2 = rtype[type_2];
+            aux_en = exp_E_IntLoop(k-i-1, j-l-1, type, type_2, S1[i+1], S1[j-1], S1[k-1], S1[l+1], pf_params) * scale[k-i+j-l];
+
+            /* get distance to reference if closing the interior loop
+            *  d2 = dbp(S_{i,j}, S_{k,l} + {i,j})
+            */
+            da = base_da + referenceBPs1[ij] - referenceBPs1[kl];
+            db = base_db + referenceBPs2[ij] - referenceBPs2[kl];
+
+            if(vars->Q_B_rem[kl]){
+              vars->Q_B_rem[ij] += vars->Q_B_rem[kl] * aux_en;
+            }
+            if(!vars->Q_B[kl]) continue;
+            for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_b[kl];
+                cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_b[kl];
+                cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_b[kl][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_b[kl][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 += 2){
+                if(((cnt1 + da) <= maxD1) && ((cnt2 + db) <= maxD2)){
+                  vars->Q_B[ij][cnt1 + da][(cnt2 + db)/2] += vars->Q_B[kl][cnt1][cnt2/2] * aux_en;
+                  if(update_b){
+                    updatePosteriorBoundaries( da + cnt1,
+                                               db + cnt2,
+                                               &k_min_post_b,
+                                               &k_max_post_b,
+                                               &l_min_post_b,
+                                               &l_max_post_b
+                                             );
+                  }
+                }
+                else{
+                  vars->Q_B_rem[ij] += vars->Q_B[kl][cnt1][cnt2/2] * aux_en;
+                }
+              }
+
+          } /* end l-loop */
+        } /* end k-loop */
+
+        /* multi-loop contribution ------------------------*/
+        if(!no_close){
+          for(u=i+TURN+2; u<j-TURN-2;u++){
+            tt = rtype[type];
+            temp2 = pf_params->expMLclosing * exp_E_MLstem(tt, S1[j-1], S1[i+1], pf_params) * scale[2];
+
+            if(vars->Q_M_rem[my_iindx[i+1]-u]){
+              if(vars->Q_M1[jindx[j-1]+u+1])
+                for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_m1[jindx[j-1]+u+1];
+                    cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_m1[jindx[j-1]+u+1];
+                    cnt1++)
+                  for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_m1[jindx[j-1]+u+1][cnt1];
+                      cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_m1[jindx[j-1]+u+1][cnt1];
+                      cnt2 += 2)
+                    vars->Q_B_rem[ij] += vars->Q_M_rem[my_iindx[i+1]-u] * vars->Q_M1[jindx[j-1]+u+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * temp2;
+
+              if(vars->Q_M1_rem[jindx[j-1]+u+1])
+                vars->Q_B_rem[ij] += vars->Q_M_rem[my_iindx[i+1]-u] * vars->Q_M1_rem[jindx[j-1]+u+1] * temp2;
+            }
+            if(vars->Q_M1_rem[jindx[j-1]+u+1]){
+              if(vars->Q_M[my_iindx[i+1]-u])
+                for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_m[my_iindx[i+1]-u];
+                    cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_m[my_iindx[i+1]-u];
+                    cnt1++)
+                  for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_m[my_iindx[i+1]-u][cnt1];
+                      cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_m[my_iindx[i+1]-u][cnt1];
+                      cnt2 += 2)
+                    vars->Q_B_rem[ij] += vars->Q_M[my_iindx[i+1]-u][cnt1][cnt2/2] * vars->Q_M1_rem[jindx[j-1]+u+1] * temp2;
+            }
+
+            /* get distance to reference if closing the multiloop
+            *  dist3 = dbp(S_{i,j}, {i,j} + S_{i+1,u} + S_{u+1,j-1})
+            */
+            da = base_da + referenceBPs1[ij] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i+1]-u] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[u+1]-j+1];
+            db = base_db + referenceBPs2[ij] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i+1]-u] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[u+1]-j+1];
+
+            if(!vars->Q_M[my_iindx[i+1]-u]) continue;
+            if(!vars->Q_M1[jindx[j-1]+u+1]) continue;
+            for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_m[my_iindx[i+1]-u];
+                cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_m[my_iindx[i+1]-u];
+                cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_m[my_iindx[i+1]-u][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_m[my_iindx[i+1]-u][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 += 2){
+                for(cnt3 = vars->k_min_values_m1[jindx[j-1]+u+1];
+                    cnt3 <= vars->k_max_values_m1[jindx[j-1]+u+1];
+                    cnt3++)
+                  for(cnt4 = vars->l_min_values_m1[jindx[j-1]+u+1][cnt3];
+                      cnt4 <= vars->l_max_values_m1[jindx[j-1]+u+1][cnt3];
+                      cnt4 += 2){
+                    if(((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) <= maxD1) && ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) <= maxD2)){
+                      vars->Q_B[ij][cnt1 + cnt3 + da][(cnt2 + cnt4 + db)/2] +=  vars->Q_M[my_iindx[i+1]-u][cnt1][cnt2/2]
+                                                                              * vars->Q_M1[jindx[j-1]+u+1][cnt3][cnt4/2]
+                                                                              * temp2;
+                      if(update_b){
+                        updatePosteriorBoundaries( cnt1 + cnt3 + da,
+                                                   cnt2 + cnt4 + db,
+                                                   &k_min_post_b,
+                                                   &k_max_post_b,
+                                                   &l_min_post_b,
+                                                   &l_max_post_b
+                                                 );
+                      }
+                    }
+                    else{
+                      vars->Q_B_rem[ij] +=  vars->Q_M[my_iindx[i+1]-u][cnt1][cnt2/2]
+                                    * vars->Q_M1[jindx[j-1]+u+1][cnt3][cnt4/2]
+                                    * temp2;
+                    }
+                  }
+
+              }
+
+          }
+        }
+
+        if(update_b){
+          adjustArrayBoundaries(&vars->Q_B[ij],
+                                &vars->k_min_values_b[ij],
+                                &vars->k_max_values_b[ij],
+                                &vars->l_min_values_b[ij],
+                                &vars->l_max_values_b[ij],
+                                k_min_post_b,
+                                k_max_post_b,
+                                l_min_post_b,
+                                l_max_post_b
+                                );
+        }
+      } /* end >> if (pair) << */
+
+      /* free ends ? -----------------------------------------*/
+
+      int k_min_m, k_max_m, l_min_m, l_max_m;
+      int k_min_post_m, k_max_post_m, *l_min_post_m, *l_max_post_m;
+      int update_m = 0;
+      int k_min_m1, k_max_m1, l_min_m1, l_max_m1;
+      int k_min_post_m1, k_max_post_m1, *l_min_post_m1, *l_max_post_m1;
+      int update_m1 = 0;
+
+      if(!vars->Q_M[ij]){
+        update_m = 1;
+        k_min_m = l_min_m = 0;
+        k_max_m = mm1[ij] + referenceBPs1[ij];
+        l_max_m = mm2[ij] + referenceBPs2[ij];
+
+        prepareBoundaries(k_min_m,
+                          k_max_m,
+                          l_min_m,
+                          l_max_m,
+                          bpdist[ij],
+                          &vars->k_min_values_m[ij],
+                          &vars->k_max_values_m[ij],
+                          &vars->l_min_values_m[ij],
+                          &vars->l_max_values_m[ij]
+                          );
+        preparePosteriorBoundaries( vars->k_max_values_m[ij] - vars->k_min_values_m[ij] + 1,
+                                    vars->k_min_values_m[ij],
+                                    &k_min_post_m,
+                                    &k_max_post_m,
+                                    &l_min_post_m,
+                                    &l_max_post_m
+                                );
+
+        prepareArray( &vars->Q_M[ij],
+                      vars->k_min_values_m[ij],
+                      vars->k_max_values_m[ij],
+                      vars->l_min_values_m[ij],
+                      vars->l_max_values_m[ij]
+                  );
+      }
+      if(!vars->Q_M1[jindx[j]+i]){
+        update_m1 = 1;
+        k_min_m1 = l_min_m1 = 0;
+        k_max_m1 = mm1[ij] + referenceBPs1[ij];
+        l_max_m1 = mm2[ij] + referenceBPs2[ij];
+
+        prepareBoundaries(k_min_m1,
+                          k_max_m1,
+                          l_min_m1,
+                          l_max_m1,
+                          bpdist[ij],
+                          &vars->k_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+i],
+                          &vars->k_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+i],
+                          &vars->l_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+i],
+                          &vars->l_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+i]
+                          );
+        preparePosteriorBoundaries( vars->k_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+i] - vars->k_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+i] + 1,
+                                    vars->k_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+i],
+                                    &k_min_post_m1,
+                                    &k_max_post_m1,
+                                    &l_min_post_m1,
+                                    &l_max_post_m1
+                                );
+
+        prepareArray( &vars->Q_M1[jindx[j]+i],
+                      vars->k_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+i],
+                      vars->k_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+i],
+                      vars->l_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+i],
+                      vars->l_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+i]
+                  );
+      }
+
+
+      /* j is unpaired */
+      da = referenceBPs1[ij] - referenceBPs1[ij+1];
+      db = referenceBPs2[ij] - referenceBPs2[ij+1];
+
+      if(vars->Q_M_rem[ij+1])
+        vars->Q_M_rem[ij] += vars->Q_M_rem[ij+1] * pf_params->expMLbase * scale[1];
+
+      if(vars->Q_M[ij+1])
+        for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_m[ij+1];
+            cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_m[ij+1];
+            cnt1++){
+          for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_m[ij+1][cnt1];
+              cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_m[ij+1][cnt1];
+              cnt2 += 2){
+            if(((cnt1 + da) <= maxD1) && ((cnt2 + db) <= maxD2)){
+              vars->Q_M[ij][cnt1 + da][(cnt2 + db)/2] += vars->Q_M[ij+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * pf_params->expMLbase * scale[1];
+              if(update_m){
+                updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1 + da,
+                                          cnt2 + db,
+                                          &k_min_post_m,
+                                          &k_max_post_m,
+                                          &l_min_post_m,
+                                          &l_max_post_m
+                                          );
+              }
+            }
+            else{
+              vars->Q_M_rem[ij] += vars->Q_M[ij+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * pf_params->expMLbase * scale[1];
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      if(vars->Q_M1_rem[jindx[j-1]+i])
+        vars->Q_M1_rem[jindx[j]+i] += vars->Q_M1_rem[jindx[j-1]+i] * pf_params->expMLbase * scale[1];
+
+      if(vars->Q_M1[jindx[j-1]+i])
+        for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_m1[jindx[j-1]+i];
+            cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_m1[jindx[j-1]+i];
+            cnt1++)
+          for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_m1[jindx[j-1]+i][cnt1];
+              cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_m1[jindx[j-1]+i][cnt1];
+              cnt2 += 2){
+            if(((cnt1 + da) <= maxD1) && ((cnt2 + db) <= maxD2)){
+              vars->Q_M1[jindx[j]+i][cnt1 + da][(cnt2 + db)/2] += vars->Q_M1[jindx[j-1]+i][cnt1][cnt2/2] * pf_params->expMLbase * scale[1];
+              if(update_m1){
+                updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1 + da,
+                                          cnt2 + db,
+                                          &k_min_post_m1,
+                                          &k_max_post_m1,
+                                          &l_min_post_m1,
+                                          &l_max_post_m1
+                                          );
+              }
+            }
+            else{
+              vars->Q_M1_rem[jindx[j]+i] += vars->Q_M1[jindx[j-1]+i][cnt1][cnt2/2] * pf_params->expMLbase * scale[1];
+            }
+          }
+
+
+      /* j pairs with i */
+      if((!no_close) && type){
+        FLT_OR_DBL aux_en = exp_E_MLstem(type, (i>1) || circ ? S1[i-1] : -1, (j<seq_length) || circ ? S1[j+1] : -1, pf_params);
+
+        if(vars->Q_B_rem[ij]){
+          vars->Q_M_rem[ij]           += vars->Q_B_rem[ij] * aux_en;
+          vars->Q_M1_rem[jindx[j]+i]  += vars->Q_B_rem[ij] * aux_en;
+        }
+
+        if(vars->Q_B[ij]){
+          for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_b[ij];
+              cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_b[ij];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2){
+              vars->Q_M[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2] += vars->Q_B[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2] * aux_en;
+              if(update_m){
+                updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1,
+                                          cnt2,
+                                          &k_min_post_m,
+                                          &k_max_post_m,
+                                          &l_min_post_m,
+                                          &l_max_post_m
+                                          );
+              }
+              vars->Q_M1[jindx[j]+i][cnt1][cnt2/2] += vars->Q_B[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2] * aux_en;
+              if(update_m1){
+                updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1,
+                                          cnt2,
+                                          &k_min_post_m1,
+                                          &k_max_post_m1,
+                                          &l_min_post_m1,
+                                          &l_max_post_m1
+                                          );
+              }
+            }
+        }
+      }
+
+      /* j pairs with k: i<k<j */
+      ii = my_iindx[i];
+      for (k=i+1; k<=j; k++){
+        tt = ptype[my_iindx[k]-j];
+        temp2 = exp_E_MLstem(tt, S1[k-1], (j<seq_length) || circ ? S1[j+1] : -1, pf_params);
+
+        if(vars->Q_B_rem[my_iindx[k]-j]){
+          vars->Q_M_rem[ij] += vars->Q_B_rem[my_iindx[k]-j] * pow(pf_params->expMLbase, (double)(k-i)) * scale[k-i] * temp2;
+          if(vars->Q_M[ii-k+1])
+            for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_m[ii-k+1];
+                cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_m[ii-k+1];
+                cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 += 2)
+                vars->Q_M_rem[ij] += vars->Q_M[ii-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * vars->Q_B_rem[my_iindx[k]-j] * temp2;
+
+          if(vars->Q_M_rem[ii-k+1])
+            vars->Q_M_rem[ij] += vars->Q_M_rem[ii-k+1] * vars->Q_B_rem[my_iindx[k]-j] * temp2;
+        }
+        if(vars->Q_M_rem[ii-k+1]){
+          if(vars->Q_B[my_iindx[k]-j])
+            for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j];
+                cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j];
+                cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 += 2)
+                vars->Q_M_rem[ij] += vars->Q_M_rem[my_iindx[k]-j] * vars->Q_B[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt1][cnt2/2] * temp2;
+        }
+
+        /* add contributions of QM(i,k-1)*QB(k,j)*e^b and
+        *  e^((k-i) * c) * QB(k,j) * e^b
+        *  therefor we need d1a = dbp(T1_{i,j}, T1_{i,k-1} + T1_{k,j}),
+        *  d1b = dbp(T2_{i,j}, T2_{i,k-1} + T2_{k,j})
+        *  d1c = dbp(T1_{i,j}, T1_{k,j})circ = 0;
+        *  d1d = dbp(T2_{i,j}, T2_{k,j})
+        */
+        da = referenceBPs1[ij] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-j];
+        db = referenceBPs2[ij] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-j];
+
+        if(!vars->Q_B[my_iindx[k]-j]) continue;
+        for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j];
+            cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j];
+            cnt1++)
+          for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt1];
+              cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt1];
+              cnt2 += 2){
+            if(((cnt1 + da) <= maxD1) && ((cnt2 + db) <= maxD2)){
+                vars->Q_M[ij][cnt1 + da][(cnt2 + db)/2] += vars->Q_B[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt1][cnt2/2] * pow(pf_params->expMLbase, (double)(k-i)) * scale[k-i] * temp2;
+              if(update_m){
+                updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1 + da,
+                                          cnt2 + db,
+                                          &k_min_post_m,
+                                          &k_max_post_m,
+                                          &l_min_post_m,
+                                          &l_max_post_m
+                                          );
+              }
+            }
+            else{
+              vars->Q_M_rem[ij] += vars->Q_B[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt1][cnt2/2] * pow(pf_params->expMLbase, (double)(k-i)) * scale[k-i] * temp2;
+            }
+          }
+
+        if(!vars->Q_M[ii-k+1]) continue;
+        da -= referenceBPs1[ii-k+1];
+        db -= referenceBPs2[ii-k+1];
+
+        for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_m[ii-k+1];
+            cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_m[ii-k+1];
+            cnt1++)
+          for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1];
+              cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1];
+              cnt2 += 2)
+            for(cnt3 = vars->k_min_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j];
+                cnt3 <= vars->k_max_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j];
+                cnt3++)
+              for(cnt4 = vars->l_min_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 <= vars->l_max_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 += 2){
+                if(((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) <= maxD1) && ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) <= maxD2)){
+                  vars->Q_M[ij][cnt1 + cnt3 + da][(cnt2 + cnt4 + db)/2] += vars->Q_M[ii-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * vars->Q_B[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt3][cnt4/2] * temp2;
+                  if(update_m){
+                    updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1 + cnt3 + da,
+                                              cnt2 + cnt4 + db,
+                                              &k_min_post_m,
+                                              &k_max_post_m,
+                                              &l_min_post_m,
+                                              &l_max_post_m
+                                              );
+                  }
+                }
+                else{
+                  vars->Q_M_rem[ij] += vars->Q_M[ii-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * vars->Q_B[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt3][cnt4/2] * temp2;
+                }
+              }
+      }
+
+      if(update_m){
+        adjustArrayBoundaries(&vars->Q_M[ij],
+                              &vars->k_min_values_m[ij],
+                              &vars->k_max_values_m[ij],
+                              &vars->l_min_values_m[ij],
+                              &vars->l_max_values_m[ij],
+                              k_min_post_m,
+                              k_max_post_m,
+                              l_min_post_m,
+                              l_max_post_m
+                              );
+      }
+      if(update_m1){
+        adjustArrayBoundaries(&vars->Q_M1[jindx[j]+i],
+                              &vars->k_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+i],
+                              &vars->k_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+i],
+                              &vars->l_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+i],
+                              &vars->l_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+i],
+                              k_min_post_m1,
+                              k_max_post_m1,
+                              l_min_post_m1,
+                              l_max_post_m1
+                              );
+      }
+
+      /* compute contributions for Q(i,j) */
+      int k_min, k_max, l_min, l_max;
+      int k_min_post, k_max_post, *l_min_post, *l_max_post;
+      int update_q = 0;
+      if(!vars->Q[ij]){
+        update_q = 1;
+        k_min = l_min = 0;
+        k_max = mm1[ij] + referenceBPs1[ij];
+        l_max = mm2[ij] + referenceBPs2[ij];
+
+        prepareBoundaries(k_min,
+                          k_max,
+                          l_min,
+                          l_max,
+                          bpdist[ij],
+                          &vars->k_min_values[ij],
+                          &vars->k_max_values[ij],
+                          &vars->l_min_values[ij],
+                          &vars->l_max_values[ij]
+                          );
+        preparePosteriorBoundaries( vars->k_max_values[ij] - vars->k_min_values[ij] + 1,
+                                    vars->k_min_values[ij],
+                                    &k_min_post,
+                                    &k_max_post,
+                                    &l_min_post,
+                                    &l_max_post
+                                );
+
+        prepareArray( &vars->Q[ij],
+                      vars->k_min_values[ij],
+                      vars->k_max_values[ij],
+                      vars->l_min_values[ij],
+                      vars->l_max_values[ij]
+                  );
+      }
+
+      if (type){
+        aux_en = exp_E_ExtLoop(type, (i>1) || circ ? S1[i-1] : -1, (j < seq_length) || circ ? S1[j+1] : -1, pf_params);
+
+        if(vars->Q_B_rem[ij])
+          vars->Q_rem[ij] += vars->Q_B_rem[ij] * aux_en;
+
+        if(vars->Q_B[ij])
+          for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_b[ij];
+              cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_b[ij];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2){
+              vars->Q[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2] += vars->Q_B[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2] * aux_en;
+              if(update_q){
+                updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1,
+                                          cnt2,
+                                          &k_min_post,
+                                          &k_max_post,
+                                          &l_min_post,
+                                          &l_max_post
+                                          );
+              }
+            }
+      }
+
+      /* j is unpaired */
+      if(vars->Q_rem[ij+1])
+        vars->Q_rem[ij] += vars->Q_rem[ij+1] * scale[1];
+
+      /* da = dbp(T1_{i,j}, T1_{i,j-1})
+      *  db = dbp(T2_{i,j}, T2_{i,j-1})
+      */
+      da = referenceBPs1[ij] - referenceBPs1[ij+1];
+      db = referenceBPs2[ij] - referenceBPs2[ij+1];
+      if(vars->Q[ij+1])
+        for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values[ij+1];
+            cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values[ij+1];
+            cnt1++)
+          for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values[ij+1][cnt1];
+              cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values[ij+1][cnt1];
+              cnt2 += 2){
+            if(((cnt1 + da) <= maxD1) && ((cnt2 + db) <= maxD2)){
+              vars->Q[ij][cnt1 + da][(cnt2 + db)/2] += vars->Q[ij+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * scale[1];
+              if(update_q){
+                updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1 + da,
+                                          cnt2 + db,
+                                          &k_min_post,
+                                          &k_max_post,
+                                          &l_min_post,
+                                          &l_max_post
+                                          );
+              }
+            }
+            else{
+              vars->Q_rem[ij] += vars->Q[ij+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * scale[1];
+            }
+          }
+
+      for(k=j-TURN-1; k>i; k--){
+        tt = ptype[my_iindx[k]-j];
+        temp2 = exp_E_ExtLoop(tt, S1[k-1], (j<seq_length) || circ ? S1[j+1] : -1, pf_params);
+
+        if(vars->Q_rem[my_iindx[i]-k+1]){
+          if(vars->Q_B[my_iindx[k]-j])
+            for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j];
+                cnt1 <=  vars->k_max_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j];
+                cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 += 2)
+                vars->Q_rem[ij] += vars->Q_rem[my_iindx[i]-k+1] * vars->Q_B[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt1][cnt2/2] * temp2;
+          if(vars->Q_B_rem[my_iindx[k]-j])
+            vars->Q_rem[ij] += vars->Q_rem[my_iindx[i]-k+1] * vars->Q_B_rem[my_iindx[k]-j] * temp2;
+        }
+        if(vars->Q_B_rem[my_iindx[k]-j]){
+          if(vars->Q[my_iindx[i]-k+1])
+            for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values[my_iindx[i]-k+1];
+                cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values[my_iindx[i]-k+1];
+                cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 += 2)
+                vars->Q_rem[ij] += vars->Q[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * vars->Q_B_rem[my_iindx[k]-j] * temp2;
+        }
+
+        /* da = dbp{T1_{i,j}, T1_{k,j}
+        *  db = dbp{T2_{i,j}, T2_{k,j}}
+        */
+        da = referenceBPs1[ij] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k] - j] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-k+1];
+        db = referenceBPs2[ij] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k] - j] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-k+1];
+
+
+        if(!vars->Q[my_iindx[i]-k+1]) continue;
+        if(!vars->Q_B[my_iindx[k]-j]) continue;
+        for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values[my_iindx[i]-k+1];
+            cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values[my_iindx[i]-k+1];
+            cnt1++)
+          for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1];
+              cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1];
+              cnt2 += 2)
+            for(cnt3 = vars->k_min_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j];
+                cnt3 <= vars->k_max_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j];
+                cnt3++)
+              for(cnt4 = vars->l_min_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 <= vars->l_max_values_b[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 += 2){
+                if(((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) <= maxD1) && ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) <= maxD2)){
+                    vars->Q[ij][cnt1 + cnt3 + da][(cnt2 + cnt4 + db)/2] += vars->Q[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * vars->Q_B[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt3][cnt4/2] * temp2;
+                  if(update_q){
+                    updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1 + cnt3 + da,
+                                              cnt2 + cnt4 + db,
+                                              &k_min_post,
+                                              &k_max_post,
+                                              &l_min_post,
+                                              &l_max_post
+                                              );
+                  }
+                }
+                else{
+                  vars->Q_rem[ij] += vars->Q[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * vars->Q_B[my_iindx[k]-j][cnt3][cnt4/2] * temp2;
+                }
+              }
+      }
+
+      if(update_q){
+        adjustArrayBoundaries(&vars->Q[ij],
+                              &vars->k_min_values[ij],
+                              &vars->k_max_values[ij],
+                              &vars->l_min_values[ij],
+                              &vars->l_max_values[ij],
+                              k_min_post,
+                              k_max_post,
+                              l_min_post,
+                              l_max_post
+                              );
+      }
+#if 1
+      for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values[ij];
+          cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values[ij];
+          cnt1++){
+        for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values[ij][cnt1];
+            cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values[ij][cnt1];
+            cnt2 += 2){
+          if(vars->Q[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2] > Qmax) {
+            Qmax = vars->Q[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2];
+            if (Qmax > max_real/10.)
+              fprintf(stderr, "Q close to overflow: %u %u %g\n", i,j,vars->Q[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2]);
+          }
+          if(vars->Q[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2] >= max_real) {
+            PRIVATE char msg[128];
+            sprintf(msg, "overflow in pf_fold while calculating q[%u,%u]\n"
+                         "use larger pf_scale", i,j);
+            nrerror(msg);
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+#endif
+
+    } /* end of j-loop */
+  }
+}
+
+/* calculate partition function for circular case */
+/* NOTE: this is the postprocessing step ONLY     */
+/* You have to call pf2D_linear first to calculate  */
+/* complete circular case!!!                      */
+PRIVATE void pf2D_circ(TwoDpfold_vars *vars){
+
+  unsigned int  d, p, q, pq, k, l, kl, u, da, db, seq_length, maxD1, maxD2, base_d1, base_d2, *mm1, *mm2, *bpdist;
+  int         *my_iindx, *jindx, type, cnt1, cnt2, cnt3, cnt4;
+  short       *S1;
+  unsigned int  *referenceBPs1, *referenceBPs2;
+  char        *sequence, *ptype;
+  FLT_OR_DBL  *scale;
+  pf_paramT   *pf_params;     /* holds all [unscaled] pf parameters */
+
+  pf_params       = vars->pf_params;
+  sequence        = vars->sequence;
+  seq_length      = vars->seq_length;
+  maxD1           = vars->maxD1;
+  maxD2           = vars->maxD2;
+  S1              = vars->S1;
+  ptype           = vars->ptype;
+  scale           = vars->scale;
+  my_iindx        = vars->my_iindx;
+  jindx           = vars->jindx;
+  referenceBPs1   = vars->referenceBPs1;
+  referenceBPs2   = vars->referenceBPs2;
+  dangles         = vars->dangles;
+  mm1             = vars->mm1;
+  mm2             = vars->mm2;
+  bpdist          = vars->bpdist;
+
+  FLT_OR_DBL      ***Q_B, ***Q_M, ***Q_M1;
+  FLT_OR_DBL      *Q_B_rem, *Q_M_rem, *Q_M1_rem;
+  int             **l_min_values_b, **l_max_values_b, **l_min_values_m, **l_max_values_m, **l_min_values_m1, **l_max_values_m1;
+  int             *k_min_values_b, *k_max_values_b,*k_min_values_m, *k_max_values_m,*k_min_values_m1, *k_max_values_m1;
+
+  Q_B             = vars->Q_B;
+  l_min_values_b  = vars->l_min_values_b;
+  l_max_values_b  = vars->l_max_values_b;
+  k_min_values_b  = vars->k_min_values_b;
+  k_max_values_b  = vars->k_max_values_b;
+
+  Q_M             = vars->Q_M;
+  l_min_values_m  = vars->l_min_values_m;
+  l_max_values_m  = vars->l_max_values_m;
+  k_min_values_m  = vars->k_min_values_m;
+  k_max_values_m  = vars->k_max_values_m;
+
+  Q_M1            = vars->Q_M1;
+  l_min_values_m1 = vars->l_min_values_m1;
+  l_max_values_m1 = vars->l_max_values_m1;
+  k_min_values_m1 = vars->k_min_values_m1;
+  k_max_values_m1 = vars->k_max_values_m1;
+
+
+  Q_B_rem        = vars->Q_B_rem;
+  Q_M_rem        = vars->Q_M_rem;
+  Q_M1_rem       = vars->Q_M1_rem;
+
+  vars->Q_c_rem   = 0.;
+  vars->Q_cH_rem  = 0.;
+  vars->Q_cI_rem  = 0.;
+  vars->Q_cM_rem  = 0.;
+
+
+  /* construct qm2 matrix from qm1 entries  */
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  #pragma omp parallel for private(d, k, l, da, db, cnt1, cnt2, cnt3, cnt4)
+#endif
+  for(k=1; k<seq_length-TURN-1; k++){
+    int k_min_m2, k_max_m2, l_min_m2, l_max_m2;
+    int k_min_post_m2, k_max_post_m2, *l_min_post_m2, *l_max_post_m2;
+    int update_m2 = 0;
+    if(!vars->Q_M2[k]){
+      update_m2 = 1;
+      k_min_m2 = l_min_m2 = 0;
+      k_max_m2 = mm1[my_iindx[k]-seq_length] + referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k] - seq_length];
+      l_max_m2 = mm2[my_iindx[k]-seq_length] + referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k] - seq_length];
+
+      prepareBoundaries(k_min_m2,
+                        k_max_m2,
+                        l_min_m2,
+                        l_max_m2,
+                        bpdist[my_iindx[k]-seq_length],
+                        &vars->k_min_values_m2[k],
+                        &vars->k_max_values_m2[k],
+                        &vars->l_min_values_m2[k],
+                        &vars->l_max_values_m2[k]
+                        );
+      preparePosteriorBoundaries( vars->k_max_values_m2[k] - vars->k_min_values_m2[k] + 1,
+                                  vars->k_min_values_m2[k],
+                                  &k_min_post_m2,
+                                  &k_max_post_m2,
+                                  &l_min_post_m2,
+                                  &l_max_post_m2
+                              );
+
+      prepareArray( &vars->Q_M2[k],
+                    vars->k_min_values_m2[k],
+                    vars->k_max_values_m2[k],
+                    vars->l_min_values_m2[k],
+                    vars->l_max_values_m2[k]
+                );
+    }
+
+    /* construct Q_M2 */
+    for (l=k+TURN+1; l<seq_length-TURN-1; l++){
+      if(Q_M1_rem[jindx[l]+k]){
+        if(Q_M1[jindx[seq_length]+l+1]){
+          for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m1[jindx[seq_length]+l+1];
+              cnt1 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[seq_length]+l+1];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m1[jindx[seq_length]+l+1][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[seq_length]+l+1][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2)
+              vars->Q_M2_rem[k] += Q_M1_rem[jindx[l]+k] * Q_M1[jindx[seq_length]+l+1][cnt1][cnt2/2];
+        }
+        if(Q_M1_rem[jindx[seq_length]+l+1])
+          vars->Q_M2_rem[k] += Q_M1_rem[jindx[l]+k] * Q_M1_rem[jindx[seq_length]+l+1];      
+      }
+      if(Q_M1_rem[jindx[seq_length]+l+1]){
+        if(Q_M1[jindx[l]+k])
+          for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m1[jindx[l]+k];
+              cnt1 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[l]+k];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2)
+              vars->Q_M2_rem[k] += Q_M1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1][cnt2/2]*Q_M1_rem[jindx[seq_length]+l+1];
+      
+      }
+
+      if(vars->Q_M1[jindx[l]+k] && vars->Q_M1[jindx[seq_length] + l + 1]){
+        da = referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-seq_length] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-l] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[l+1]-seq_length];
+        db = referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-seq_length] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-l] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[l+1]-seq_length];
+        for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m1[jindx[l]+k]; cnt1 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[l]+k]; cnt1++)
+          for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1]; cnt2 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1]; cnt2+=2){
+            for(cnt3 = k_min_values_m1[jindx[seq_length] + l + 1]; cnt3 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[seq_length] + l + 1]; cnt3++)
+              for(cnt4 = l_min_values_m1[jindx[seq_length] + l + 1][cnt3]; cnt4 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[seq_length] + l + 1][cnt3]; cnt4+=2){
+                if(((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) <= maxD1) && ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) <= maxD2)){
+                  vars->Q_M2[k][cnt1 + cnt3 + da][(cnt2 + cnt4 + db)/2] += Q_M1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_M1[jindx[seq_length] + l + 1][cnt3][cnt4/2];
+                  if(update_m2){
+                      updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1 + cnt3 + da,
+                                                cnt2 + cnt4 + db,
+                                                &k_min_post_m2,
+                                                &k_max_post_m2,
+                                                &l_min_post_m2,
+                                                &l_max_post_m2
+                                                );
+                  }
+                }
+                else{
+                  vars->Q_M2_rem[k] += Q_M1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_M1[jindx[seq_length] + l + 1][cnt3][cnt4/2];
+                }
+              }
+          }
+      }
+    }
+    if(update_m2){
+      adjustArrayBoundaries(&vars->Q_M2[k],
+                            &vars->k_min_values_m2[k],
+                            &vars->k_max_values_m2[k],
+                            &vars->l_min_values_m2[k],
+                            &vars->l_max_values_m2[k],
+                            k_min_post_m2,
+                            k_max_post_m2,
+                            l_min_post_m2,
+                            l_max_post_m2
+                            );
+    }
+  }
+
+  base_d1 = referenceBPs1[my_iindx[1]-seq_length];
+  base_d2 = referenceBPs2[my_iindx[1]-seq_length];
+
+  int min_k, max_k, max_l, min_l;
+  int min_k_real, max_k_real, min_k_real_qcH, max_k_real_qcH, min_k_real_qcI, max_k_real_qcI, min_k_real_qcM, max_k_real_qcM;
+  int *min_l_real, *max_l_real, *min_l_real_qcH, *max_l_real_qcH, *min_l_real_qcI, *max_l_real_qcI,*min_l_real_qcM, *max_l_real_qcM;
+  int update_c, update_cH, update_cI, update_cM;
+
+  update_c = update_cH = update_cI, update_cM = 0;
+
+  min_k = min_l = 0;
+
+  max_k = mm1[my_iindx[1] - seq_length] + referenceBPs1[my_iindx[1] - seq_length];
+  max_l = mm2[my_iindx[1] - seq_length] + referenceBPs2[my_iindx[1] - seq_length];
+
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  #pragma omp sections
+  {
+
+  #pragma omp section
+  {
+#endif
+  if(!vars->Q_c){
+    update_c = 1;
+    prepareBoundaries(min_k,
+                      max_k,
+                      min_l,
+                      max_l,
+                      bpdist[my_iindx[1] - seq_length],
+                      &vars->k_min_values_qc,
+                      &vars->k_max_values_qc,
+                      &vars->l_min_values_qc,
+                      &vars->l_max_values_qc
+                      );
+    prepareArray( &vars->Q_c,
+                  vars->k_min_values_qc,
+                  vars->k_max_values_qc,
+                  vars->l_min_values_qc,
+                  vars->l_max_values_qc
+                );
+    preparePosteriorBoundaries( max_k - min_k + 1,
+                                min_k,
+                                &min_k_real,
+                                &max_k_real,
+                                &min_l_real,
+                                &max_l_real
+                              );
+  }
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  }
+  #pragma omp section
+  {
+#endif
+  if(!vars->Q_cH){
+    update_cH = 1;
+    prepareBoundaries(min_k,
+                      max_k,
+                      min_l,
+                      max_l,
+                      bpdist[my_iindx[1] - seq_length],
+                      &vars->k_min_values_qcH,
+                      &vars->k_max_values_qcH,
+                      &vars->l_min_values_qcH,
+                      &vars->l_max_values_qcH
+                      );
+    prepareArray( &vars->Q_cH,
+                  vars->k_min_values_qcH,
+                  vars->k_max_values_qcH,
+                  vars->l_min_values_qcH,
+                  vars->l_max_values_qcH
+                );
+    preparePosteriorBoundaries( max_k - min_k + 1,
+                                min_k,
+                                &min_k_real_qcH,
+                                &max_k_real_qcH,
+                                &min_l_real_qcH,
+                                &max_l_real_qcH
+                              );
+  }
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  }
+  #pragma omp section
+  {
+#endif
+  if(!vars->Q_cI){
+    update_cI = 1;
+    prepareBoundaries(min_k,
+                      max_k,
+                      min_l,
+                      max_l,
+                      bpdist[my_iindx[1] - seq_length],
+                      &vars->k_min_values_qcI,
+                      &vars->k_max_values_qcI,
+                      &vars->l_min_values_qcI,
+                      &vars->l_max_values_qcI
+                      );
+    prepareArray( &vars->Q_cI,
+                  vars->k_min_values_qcI,
+                  vars->k_max_values_qcI,
+                  vars->l_min_values_qcI,
+                  vars->l_max_values_qcI
+                );
+    preparePosteriorBoundaries( max_k - min_k + 1,
+                                min_k,
+                                &min_k_real_qcI,
+                                &max_k_real_qcI,
+                                &min_l_real_qcI,
+                                &max_l_real_qcI
+                              );
+  }
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  }
+  #pragma omp section
+  {
+#endif
+  if(!vars->Q_cM){
+    update_cM = 1;
+    prepareBoundaries(min_k,
+                      max_k,
+                      min_l,
+                      max_l,
+                      bpdist[my_iindx[1] - seq_length],
+                      &vars->k_min_values_qcM,
+                      &vars->k_max_values_qcM,
+                      &vars->l_min_values_qcM,
+                      &vars->l_max_values_qcM
+                      );
+    prepareArray( &vars->Q_cM,
+                  vars->k_min_values_qcM,
+                  vars->k_max_values_qcM,
+                  vars->l_min_values_qcM,
+                  vars->l_max_values_qcM
+                );
+    preparePosteriorBoundaries( max_k - min_k + 1,
+                                min_k,
+                                &min_k_real_qcM,
+                                &max_k_real_qcM,
+                                &min_l_real_qcM,
+                                &max_l_real_qcM
+                              );
+  }
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  }
+  }
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+  for (d = TURN+2; d <= seq_length; d++) /* i,j in [1..length] */
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+    #pragma omp parallel for private(p, q, pq, k, l, kl, u, da, db, type, cnt1, cnt2, cnt3, cnt4)
+#endif
+    for (q = d; q <= seq_length; q++) {
+      FLT_OR_DBL qot;
+      char loopseq[10];
+      p = q - d + 1;
+      pq = my_iindx[p]-q;
+
+      /* 1. get exterior hairpin contribution  */
+      u = seq_length-q + p-1;
+      if (u<TURN) continue;
+      type = ptype[pq];
+      if (!type) continue;
+      if(((type==3)||(type==4))&&no_closingGU) continue;
+
+       /* cause we want to calc the exterior loops, we need the reversed pair type from now on  */
+      type=rtype[type];
+
+      if (u<7){
+        strcpy(loopseq , sequence+q-1);
+        strncat(loopseq, sequence, p);
+      }
+      /* get distance to reference if closing the hairpin
+      *  da = dbp(T1_[1,n}, T1_{p,q})
+      *  db = dbp(T2_{1,n}, T2_{p,q})
+      */
+      da = base_d1 - referenceBPs1[pq];
+      db = base_d2 - referenceBPs2[pq];
+      qot = exp_E_Hairpin(u, type, S1[q+1], S1[p-1],  loopseq, pf_params) * scale[u];
+      
+      if(Q_B_rem[pq])
+        vars->Q_cH_rem += Q_B_rem[pq] * qot;
+      
+      if(Q_B[pq]){
+        for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[pq];
+            cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[pq];
+            cnt1++)
+          for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[pq][cnt1];
+              cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[pq][cnt1];
+              cnt2 += 2){
+            if(((cnt1 + da) <= maxD1) && ((cnt2 + db) <= maxD2)){
+              vars->Q_cH[cnt1 + da][(cnt2 + db)/2] += Q_B[pq][cnt1][cnt2/2] * qot;
+              if(update_cH){
+                updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1 + da,
+                                      cnt2 + db,
+                                      &min_k_real_qcH,
+                                      &max_k_real_qcH,
+                                      &min_l_real_qcH,
+                                      &max_l_real_qcH
+                                      );
+              }
+            }
+            else{
+              vars->Q_cH_rem += Q_B[pq][cnt1][cnt2/2] * qot;
+            }
+          }
+      }
+
+      /* 2. exterior interior loops, i "define" the (k,l) pair as "outer pair"  */
+      /* so "outer type" is rtype[type[k,l]] and inner type is type[p,q]        */
+      if(Q_B_rem[pq])
+        for(k=q+1; k < seq_length; k++){
+          unsigned int ln1, lstart, ln_pre;
+          ln1 = k - q - 1;
+          if(ln1+p-1>MAXLOOP) break;
+          lstart = k + TURN + 1;
+          ln_pre = ln1 + p + seq_length;
+          if(ln_pre > lstart + MAXLOOP) lstart = ln_pre - MAXLOOP - 1;
+          for(l=lstart;l <= seq_length; l++){
+            unsigned int ln2;
+            int type2;
+            kl = my_iindx[k]-l;
+            ln2 = (p - 1) + (seq_length - l);
+
+            if((ln1+ln2) > MAXLOOP) continue;
+
+            type2 = ptype[kl];
+            if(!type2) continue;
+
+            qot = exp_E_IntLoop(ln2, ln1, rtype[type2], type, S1[l+1], S1[k-1], S1[p-1], S1[q+1], pf_params) * scale[ln1+ln2];
+
+            if(Q_B_rem[kl])
+              vars->Q_cI_rem += Q_B_rem[pq] * Q_B_rem[kl] * qot;
+
+            if(Q_B[kl])
+              for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[kl];
+                  cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[kl];
+                  cnt1++)
+                for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[kl][cnt1];
+                    cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[kl][cnt1];
+                    cnt2 += 2)
+                  vars->Q_cI_rem += Q_B_rem[pq] * Q_B[kl][cnt1][cnt2/2] * qot;
+          }
+        }
+
+      if(Q_B[pq])
+        for(k=q+1; k < seq_length; k++){
+          unsigned int ln1, lstart, ln_pre;
+          ln1 = k - q - 1;
+          if(ln1+p-1>MAXLOOP) break;
+          lstart = k + TURN + 1;
+          ln_pre = ln1 + p + seq_length;
+          if(ln_pre > lstart + MAXLOOP) lstart = ln_pre - MAXLOOP - 1;
+          for(l=lstart;l <= seq_length; l++){
+            unsigned int ln2;
+            int type2;
+            kl = my_iindx[k]-l;
+            ln2 = (p - 1) + (seq_length - l);
+
+            if((ln1+ln2) > MAXLOOP) continue;
+
+            type2 = ptype[kl];
+            if(!type2) continue;
+
+            qot = exp_E_IntLoop(ln2, ln1, rtype[type2], type, S1[l+1], S1[k-1], S1[p-1], S1[q+1], pf_params) * scale[ln1+ln2];
+
+            if(Q_B_rem[kl]){
+              for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[pq];
+                  cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[pq];
+                  cnt1++)
+                for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[pq][cnt1];
+                    cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[pq][cnt1];
+                    cnt2 += 2)
+                  vars->Q_cI_rem += Q_B[pq][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_B_rem[kl] * qot;
+            }
+
+            if(!Q_B[kl]) continue;
+
+            /* get distance to reference if closing the interior loop
+            *  d2a = dbp(T1_[1,n}, T1_{p,q} + T1_{k,l})
+            *  d2b = dbp(T2_[1,n}, T2_{p,q} + T2_{k,l})
+            */
+            da = base_d1 - referenceBPs1[pq] - referenceBPs1[kl];
+            db = base_d2 - referenceBPs2[pq] - referenceBPs2[kl];
+
+            for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[pq]; cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[pq]; cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[pq][cnt1]; cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[pq][cnt1]; cnt2+=2)
+                for(cnt3 = k_min_values_b[kl]; cnt3 <= k_max_values_b[kl]; cnt3++)
+                  for(cnt4 = l_min_values_b[kl][cnt3]; cnt4 <= l_max_values_b[kl][cnt3]; cnt4+=2){
+                    if(((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) <= maxD1) && ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) <= maxD2)){
+                      vars->Q_cI[cnt1 + cnt3 + da][(cnt2 + cnt4 + db)/2] += Q_B[pq][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_B[kl][cnt3][cnt4/2] * qot;
+                      if(update_cI){
+                        updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1 + cnt3 + da,
+                                                cnt2 + cnt4 + db,
+                                                &min_k_real_qcI,
+                                                &max_k_real_qcI,
+                                                &min_l_real_qcI,
+                                                &max_l_real_qcI
+                                                );
+                      }
+                    }
+                    else{
+                      vars->Q_cI_rem += Q_B[pq][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_B[kl][cnt3][cnt4/2] * qot;
+                    }
+                  }
+          }
+        }
+    }
+
+  if(update_cH){
+    adjustArrayBoundaries(&vars->Q_cH,
+                          &vars->k_min_values_qcH,
+                          &vars->k_max_values_qcH,
+                          &vars->l_min_values_qcH,
+                          &vars->l_max_values_qcH,
+                          min_k_real_qcH,
+                          max_k_real_qcH,
+                          min_l_real_qcH,
+                          max_l_real_qcH
+                        );
+  }
+  if(update_cI){
+    adjustArrayBoundaries(&vars->Q_cI,
+                          &vars->k_min_values_qcI,
+                          &vars->k_max_values_qcI,
+                          &vars->l_min_values_qcI,
+                          &vars->l_max_values_qcI,
+                          min_k_real_qcI,
+                          max_k_real_qcI,
+                          min_l_real_qcI,
+                          max_l_real_qcI
+                        );
+  }
+
+  /* 3. Multiloops  */
+  if(seq_length > 2*TURN-3)
+#ifdef _OPENMP
+  #pragma omp parallel for private(k, da, db, cnt1, cnt2, cnt3, cnt4)
+#endif
+    for(k=TURN+2; k<seq_length-2*TURN-3; k++){
+      if(Q_M_rem[my_iindx[1]-k]){
+        if(vars->Q_M2[k+1])
+          for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_m2[k+1];
+              cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_m2[k+1];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_m2[k+1][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_m2[k+1][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2)
+              vars->Q_cM_rem += Q_M_rem[my_iindx[1]-k] * vars->Q_M2[k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * pf_params->expMLclosing;
+        if(vars->Q_M2_rem[k+1])
+          vars->Q_cM_rem += Q_M_rem[my_iindx[1]-k] * vars->Q_M2_rem[k+1] * pf_params->expMLclosing;
+      }
+      if(vars->Q_M2_rem[k+1]){
+        if(Q_M[my_iindx[1]-k])
+          for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k];
+              cnt1 <= k_max_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= l_max_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2)
+              vars->Q_cM_rem += Q_M[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1][cnt2/2] * vars->Q_M2_rem[k+1] * pf_params->expMLclosing;
+      }
+
+      /* get distancies to references
+      * d3a = dbp(T1_[1,n}, T1_{1,k} + T1_{k+1, n})
+      * d3b = dbp(T2_[1,n}, T2_{1,k} + T2_{k+1, n})
+      */
+      da = base_d1 - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[1]-k] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k+1]-seq_length];
+      db = base_d2 - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[1]-k] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k+1]-seq_length];
+      if(Q_M[my_iindx[1]-k] && vars->Q_M2[k+1])
+        for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k]; cnt1 <= k_max_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k]; cnt1++)
+          for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1]; cnt2 <= l_max_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1]; cnt2+=2)
+            for(cnt3 = vars->k_min_values_m2[k+1]; cnt3 <= vars->k_max_values_m2[k+1]; cnt3++)
+              for(cnt4 = vars->l_min_values_m2[k+1][cnt3]; cnt4 <= vars->l_max_values_m2[k+1][cnt3]; cnt4+=2){
+                if(((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) <= maxD1) && ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) <= maxD2)){
+                  vars->Q_cM[cnt1 + cnt3 + da][(cnt2 + cnt4 + db)/2] += Q_M[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1][cnt2/2] * vars->Q_M2[k+1][cnt3][cnt4/2] * pf_params->expMLclosing;
+                  if(update_cM){
+                    updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1 + cnt3 + da,
+                                            cnt2 + cnt4 + db,
+                                            &min_k_real_qcM,
+                                            &max_k_real_qcM,
+                                            &min_l_real_qcM,
+                                            &max_l_real_qcM
+                                            );
+                  }
+                }
+                else{
+                  vars->Q_cM_rem += Q_M[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1][cnt2/2] * vars->Q_M2[k+1][cnt3][cnt4/2] * pf_params->expMLclosing;
+                }
+              }
+    }
+  if(update_cM){
+    adjustArrayBoundaries(&vars->Q_cM,
+                          &vars->k_min_values_qcM,
+                          &vars->k_max_values_qcM,
+                          &vars->l_min_values_qcM,
+                          &vars->l_max_values_qcM,
+                          min_k_real_qcM,
+                          max_k_real_qcM,
+                          min_l_real_qcM,
+                          max_l_real_qcM
+                        );
+  }
+
+  for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_qcH;
+      cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_qcH;
+      cnt1++)
+    for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_qcH[cnt1];
+        cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_qcH[cnt1];
+        cnt2 += 2){
+      vars->Q_c[cnt1][cnt2/2] += vars->Q_cH[cnt1][cnt2/2];
+      if(update_c){
+        updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1,
+                                  cnt2,
+                                  &min_k_real,
+                                  &max_k_real,
+                                  &min_l_real,
+                                  &max_l_real
+                                  );
+      }
+    }
+  for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_qcI;
+      cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_qcI;
+      cnt1++)
+    for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_qcI[cnt1];
+        cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_qcI[cnt1];
+        cnt2 += 2){
+      vars->Q_c[cnt1][cnt2/2] += vars->Q_cI[cnt1][cnt2/2];
+      if(update_c){
+        updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1,
+                                  cnt2,
+                                  &min_k_real,
+                                  &max_k_real,
+                                  &min_l_real,
+                                  &max_l_real
+                                  );
+      }
+    }
+  for(cnt1 = vars->k_min_values_qcM;
+      cnt1 <= vars->k_max_values_qcM;
+      cnt1++)
+    for(cnt2 = vars->l_min_values_qcM[cnt1];
+        cnt2 <= vars->l_max_values_qcM[cnt1];
+        cnt2 += 2){
+      vars->Q_c[cnt1][cnt2/2] += vars->Q_cM[cnt1][cnt2/2];
+      if(update_c){
+        updatePosteriorBoundaries(cnt1,
+                                  cnt2,
+                                  &min_k_real,
+                                  &max_k_real,
+                                  &min_l_real,
+                                  &max_l_real
+                                  );
+      }
+    }
+
+  vars->Q_c_rem   = vars->Q_cH_rem + vars->Q_cI_rem + vars->Q_cM_rem;
+
+  /* add the case were structure is unfolded chain */
+  if((referenceBPs1[my_iindx[1]-seq_length] <= maxD1) && (referenceBPs2[my_iindx[1]-seq_length] <= maxD2)){
+    vars->Q_c[referenceBPs1[my_iindx[1]-seq_length]][referenceBPs2[my_iindx[1]-seq_length]/2] += 1.0 * scale[seq_length];
+    if(update_c){
+      updatePosteriorBoundaries(referenceBPs1[my_iindx[1]-seq_length],
+                              referenceBPs2[my_iindx[1]-seq_length],
+                              &min_k_real,
+                              &max_k_real,
+                              &min_l_real,
+                              &max_l_real
+                              );
+    }
+  }
+  else{
+    vars->Q_c_rem += 1.0 * scale[seq_length];
+  }
+
+  adjustArrayBoundaries(&vars->Q_c,
+                        &vars->k_min_values_qc,
+                        &vars->k_max_values_qc,
+                        &vars->l_min_values_qc,
+                        &vars->l_max_values_qc,
+                        min_k_real,
+                        max_k_real,
+                        min_l_real,
+                        max_l_real
+                      );
+}
+
+
+PRIVATE void make_ptypes2(TwoDpfold_vars *vars) {
+  int n,i,j,k,l;
+
+  n=vars->S[0];
+  for (k=1; k<n-TURN; k++)
+    for (l=1; l<=2; l++) {
+      int type,ntype=0,otype=0;
+      i=k; j = i+TURN+l; if (j>n) continue;
+      type = pair[vars->S[i]][vars->S[j]];
+      while ((i>=1)&&(j<=n)) {
+        if ((i>1)&&(j<n)) ntype = pair[vars->S[i-1]][vars->S[j+1]];
+        if (noLonelyPairs && (!otype) && (!ntype))
+          type = 0; /* i.j can only form isolated pairs */
+        vars->ptype[vars->my_iindx[i]-j] = (char) type;
+        otype =  type;
+        type  = ntype;
+        i--; j++;
+      }
+    }
+}
+
+PRIVATE void scale_pf_params2(TwoDpfold_vars *vars)
+{
+  /* scale energy parameters and pre-calculate Boltzmann weights */
+  unsigned int i;
+  double  kT;
+
+  if(vars->pf_params) free(vars->pf_params);
+  vars->pf_params = get_scaled_pf_parameters();
+  vars->init_temp = vars->pf_params->temperature;
+  vars->temperature = vars->init_temp;
+
+  kT = vars->pf_params->kT;   /* kT in cal/mol  */
+
+   /* scaling factors (to avoid overflows) */
+  if (vars->pf_scale == -1) { /* mean energy for random sequences: 184.3*length cal */
+    vars->pf_scale = exp(-(-185+(vars->temperature-37.)*7.27)/kT);
+    if (vars->pf_scale<1) vars->pf_scale=1;
+  }
+  vars->scale[0] = 1.;   vars->scale[1] = 1./vars->pf_scale;
+  for (i=2; i<=vars->seq_length; i++) {
+    vars->scale[i] = vars->scale[i/2]*vars->scale[i-(i/2)];
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+* ###################################################
+* stochastic backtracking
+* ###################################################
+*/
+
+PUBLIC char *TwoDpfold_pbacktrack(TwoDpfold_vars *vars, int d1, int d2){
+  return TwoDpfold_pbacktrack5(vars, d1, d2, vars->seq_length);
+}
+
+PUBLIC char *TwoDpfold_pbacktrack5(TwoDpfold_vars *vars, int d1, int d2, unsigned int length){
+  char            *pstruc, *ptype;
+  short           *S1;
+  unsigned int    i, j, n, start, maxD1, maxD2, da, db,
+                  *referenceBPs1, *referenceBPs2;
+  int             *my_iindx, ij, cnt1, cnt2, cnt3, cnt4, type,
+                  **l_min_values, **l_max_values,
+                  **l_min_values_b, **l_max_values_b,
+                  *k_min_values, *k_max_values,
+                  *k_min_values_b, *k_max_values_b;
+  FLT_OR_DBL      r, qt, *scale, ***Q, ***Q_B, *Q_rem, *Q_B_rem;
+  pf_paramT       *pf_params;
+
+  n               = vars->seq_length;
+
+  if(vars->circ){
+    if(n != length)
+      nrerror("pbacktrack@2Dfold.c: cotranscriptional backtracking for circular RNAs not supported!");
+    return TwoDpfold_pbacktrack_circ(vars, d1, d2);
+  }
+
+  pf_params       = vars->pf_params;
+  maxD1           = vars->maxD1;
+  maxD2           = vars->maxD2;
+  my_iindx        = vars->my_iindx;
+  scale           = vars->scale;
+  ptype           = vars->ptype;
+  S1              = vars->S1;
+  referenceBPs1   = vars->referenceBPs1;
+  referenceBPs2   = vars->referenceBPs2;
+
+  Q               = vars->Q;
+  l_min_values    = vars->l_min_values;
+  l_max_values    = vars->l_max_values;
+  k_min_values    = vars->k_min_values;
+  k_max_values    = vars->k_max_values;
+
+  Q_B             = vars->Q_B;
+  l_min_values_b  = vars->l_min_values_b;
+  l_max_values_b  = vars->l_max_values_b;
+  k_min_values_b  = vars->k_min_values_b;
+  k_max_values_b  = vars->k_max_values_b;
+
+  Q_rem           = vars->Q_rem;
+  Q_B_rem         = vars->Q_B_rem;
+
+  if(length > n)
+    nrerror("pbacktrack@2Dpfold.c: requested transcript length exceeds sequence length!");
+
+#if 0
+  if(d1 > maxD1)
+    nrerror("pbacktrack@2Dpfold.c: distance to 1st reference structure to high!");
+  if(d2 > maxD2)
+    nrerror("pbacktrack@2Dpfold.c: distance to 2nd reference structure to high!");
+#endif
+
+  /* check whether the chosen neighborhood exists at all */
+  int dumb = 1;
+  ij = my_iindx[1]-length;
+  if((d1 == -1) && (Q_rem[ij] != 0.)) dumb = 0;
+  else{
+    if((k_min_values[ij] <= d1) && (k_max_values[ij] >= d1)){
+      int l_min = l_min_values[ij][d1];
+      if((d2 % 2) == (l_min%2))
+        if((l_min <= d2) && (l_max_values[ij][d1] >= d2))
+          dumb = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  if(dumb){
+    fprintf(stderr, "neighborhood %d:%d is not in scope of calculated partition function!\n", d1, d2);
+    nrerror("pbacktrack@2Dpfold.c: exiting cheerless...");
+  }
+
+  pstruc = space((length+1)*sizeof(char));
+
+  for (i=0; i<length; i++) pstruc[i] = '.';
+  pstruc[i] = '\0';
+
+  start = 1;
+  while (start<length) {
+    int sn = my_iindx[start] - length;
+    /* find i position of first pair */
+    FLT_OR_DBL qln_i = 0, qln_i1 = 0;
+
+    if(d1 == -1){
+      qln_i = Q_rem[sn];
+
+      /* open chain ? */
+      if(   (maxD1 > referenceBPs1[sn])
+        &&  (maxD2 > referenceBPs2[sn])){
+        r = urn() * qln_i;
+        if(scale[length-start+1] > r)
+          return pstruc;
+      }
+
+      /* lets see if we find a base pair with i involved */
+      for (i=start; i<length; i++) {
+        r = urn() * qln_i;
+
+        qln_i1 = Q_rem[my_iindx[i+1] - length];
+
+        da = referenceBPs1[sn] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i+1] - length];
+        db = referenceBPs2[sn] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i+1] - length];
+
+        for(cnt1 = k_min_values[my_iindx[i+1] - length];
+            cnt1 <= k_max_values[my_iindx[i+1] - length];
+            cnt1++)
+          for(cnt2 = l_min_values[my_iindx[i+1] - length][cnt1];
+              cnt2 <= l_max_values[my_iindx[i+1] - length][cnt1];
+              cnt2 += 2)
+            if(((cnt1 + da) > maxD1) || ((cnt2 + db) > maxD2)){
+              qln_i1 += Q[my_iindx[i+1] - length][cnt1][cnt2/2];
+            }
+
+        if(r > qln_i1*scale[1]) break;
+
+        qln_i = qln_i1;
+      }
+      if (i>=length) break; /* no more pairs */
+
+      /* i is paired, find pairing partner j */
+      r = urn() * (qln_i - qln_i1*scale[1]);
+      for (qt=0, j=i+TURN+1; j<length; j++) {
+        ij = my_iindx[i]-j;
+        type = ptype[ij];
+        if (type) {
+          cnt1 = cnt2 = cnt3 = cnt4 = -1;
+          double qkl = exp_E_ExtLoop(type, (i>1) ? S1[i-1] : -1, S1[j+1], pf_params);
+
+          if(Q_B_rem[ij] != 0.){
+            if(Q_rem[my_iindx[j+1]-length] != 0.){
+              qt += qkl * Q_B_rem[ij] * Q_rem[my_iindx[j+1]-length];
+              if(qt >= r)
+                goto pbacktrack_ext_loop_early_escape_rem;
+            }
+            if(Q[my_iindx[j+1]-length])
+              for(cnt3 = k_min_values[my_iindx[j+1]-length];
+                  cnt3 <= k_max_values[my_iindx[j+1]-length];
+                  cnt3++)
+                for(cnt4 = l_min_values[my_iindx[j+1]-length][cnt3];
+                    cnt4 <= l_max_values[my_iindx[j+1]-length][cnt3];
+                    cnt4 += 2){
+                  qt += qkl * Q_B_rem[ij] * Q[my_iindx[j+1]-length][cnt3][cnt4/2];
+                  if(qt >= r)
+                    goto pbacktrack_ext_loop_early_escape_rem;
+                }
+          }
+          if(Q_rem[my_iindx[j+1]-length] != 0.){
+            cnt3 = cnt4 = -1;
+            if(Q_B[ij]){
+              for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[ij];
+                  cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[ij];
+                  cnt1++)
+                for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                    cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                    cnt2 += 2){
+                  qt += qkl * Q_B[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_rem[my_iindx[j+1]-length];
+                  if(qt >= r)
+                    goto pbacktrack_ext_loop_early_escape_rem;
+                }
+            }
+          }
+          /* if we still search for pairing partner j, we go on here... */
+          if(Q_B[ij] && Q[my_iindx[j+1]-length]){
+            da = referenceBPs1[sn] - referenceBPs1[ij] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[j+1]-length];
+            db = referenceBPs2[sn] - referenceBPs2[ij] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[j+1]-length];
+            for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[ij];
+                cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[ij];
+                cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 += 2)
+                for(cnt3 = k_min_values[my_iindx[j+1]-length];
+                    cnt3 <= k_max_values[my_iindx[j+1]-length];
+                    cnt3++)
+                  for(cnt4 = l_min_values[my_iindx[j+1]-length][cnt3];
+                      cnt4 <= l_max_values[my_iindx[j+1]-length][cnt3];
+                      cnt4 += 2)
+                    if(((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) > maxD1) || ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) > maxD2)){
+                      qt += qkl * Q_B[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q[my_iindx[j+1]-length][cnt3][cnt4/2];
+                      if(qt >= r)
+                        goto pbacktrack_ext_loop_early_escape_rem;
+                    }
+          }
+        } /* end if(type) */
+      } /* end for(j) */
+      cnt1 = cnt2 = cnt3 = cnt4 = -1;
+      /* dont forget the case where i pairs with n */
+      j = length;
+      ij = my_iindx[i]-j;
+      type = ptype[ij];
+      if (type) {
+        double qkl = exp_E_ExtLoop(type, (i>1) ? S1[i-1] : -1, (j<n) ? S1[j+1] : -1, pf_params);
+        if(Q_B_rem[ij] != 0.){
+          qt += qkl * Q_B_rem[ij];
+          if(qt >= r)
+            goto pbacktrack_ext_loop_early_escape_rem;
+        }
+        /* if we still search for pairing partner j, we go on here... */
+        if(Q_B[ij]){
+          da = referenceBPs1[sn] - referenceBPs1[ij];
+          db = referenceBPs2[sn] - referenceBPs2[ij];
+          for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[ij];
+              cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[ij];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2)
+              if(((cnt1 + da) > maxD1) || ((cnt2 + db) > maxD2)){
+                qt += qkl * Q_B[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2];
+                if(qt >= r)
+                  goto pbacktrack_ext_loop_early_escape_rem;
+              }
+        }
+      } /* end if(type) */
+      j++;
+
+pbacktrack_ext_loop_early_escape_rem:
+
+      if (j==length+1){
+        nrerror("pbacktrack@2Dpfold.c: backtracking failed in ext loop (rem)");
+      }
+
+      /* finally start backtracking the first exterior stem */
+      backtrack(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, i,j);
+      if(j==length) break;
+      start = j+1;
+      d1 = cnt3;
+      d2 = cnt4;
+
+    } /* end if d1 ==-1 */
+    else{
+      qln_i = Q[sn][d1][d2/2];
+
+      /* open chain ? */
+      if(   (d1 == referenceBPs1[sn])
+        &&  (d2 == referenceBPs2[sn])){
+        r = urn() * qln_i;
+        if(scale[length-start+1] > r)
+          return pstruc;
+      }
+
+      for (i=start; i<length; i++) {
+        r = urn() * qln_i;
+        da = referenceBPs1[sn] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i+1] - length];
+        db = referenceBPs2[sn] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i+1] - length];
+        qln_i1 = 0;
+        if(d1 >= da && d2 >= db)
+          if(
+              (d1-da >= k_min_values[my_iindx[i+1] - length])
+           && (d1 - da <= k_max_values[my_iindx[i+1] - length]))
+            if(
+                  (d2 - db >= l_min_values[my_iindx[i+1] - length][d1 - da])
+              &&  (d2 - db <= l_max_values[my_iindx[i+1] - length][d1 - da]))
+              qln_i1 += Q[my_iindx[i+1] - length][d1-da][(d2-db)/2];
+        if (r > qln_i1*scale[1])  break; /* i is paired */
+        qln_i = qln_i1;
+      }
+
+      if (i>=length) break; /* no more pairs */
+
+      /* now find the pairing partner j */
+      r = urn() * (qln_i - qln_i1*scale[1]);
+
+      for (qt=0, j=i+1; j<length; j++) {
+        int type;
+        ij = my_iindx[i]-j;
+        type = ptype[ij];
+        if (type) {
+          double qkl = 1.0;
+          qkl *= exp_E_ExtLoop(type, (i>1) ? S1[i-1] : -1, S1[j+1], pf_params);
+
+          da = referenceBPs1[sn] - referenceBPs1[ij] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[j+1]-length];
+          db = referenceBPs2[sn] - referenceBPs2[ij] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[j+1]-length];
+
+          if(   (d1 >= da)
+            &&  (d2 >= db)
+            &&  Q_B[ij]
+            &&  Q[my_iindx[j+1]-length])
+            for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[ij];
+                cnt1 <= MIN2(k_max_values_b[ij], d1-da);
+                cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 <= MIN2(l_max_values_b[ij][cnt1], d2-db);
+                  cnt2+=2)
+                if(   (d1-da-cnt1 >= k_min_values[my_iindx[j+1]-length])
+                  &&  (d1-da-cnt1 <= k_max_values[my_iindx[j+1]-length]))
+                  if(   (d2 - db - cnt2 >= l_min_values[my_iindx[j+1]-length][d1-da-cnt1]) 
+                    &&  (d2 - db - cnt2 <= l_max_values[my_iindx[j+1]-length][d1-da-cnt1])){
+                    qt += qkl * Q_B[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q[my_iindx[j+1]-length][d1-da-cnt1][(d2-db-cnt2)/2];
+                    if(qt >= r)
+                      goto pbacktrack_ext_loop_early_escape;
+                  }
+        }
+      }
+      /* now dont forget the case j==n */
+      j = length;
+      ij = my_iindx[i]-j;
+      int type = ptype[ij];
+      if (type) {
+        double qkl = 1.0;
+
+        qkl *= exp_E_ExtLoop(type, (i>1) ? S1[i-1] : -1, (j<n) ? S1[j+1] : -1, pf_params);
+
+        da = referenceBPs1[sn] - referenceBPs1[ij];
+        db = referenceBPs2[sn] - referenceBPs2[ij];
+        if(d1 >= da && d2 >= db){
+          cnt1 = d1 - da;
+          cnt2 = d2 - db;
+          if((cnt1 >= k_min_values_b[ij]) && (cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[ij]))
+            if((cnt2 >= l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1]) && (cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[ij][cnt1])){
+              qt += qkl * Q_B[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2];
+              if(qt >= r)
+                goto pbacktrack_ext_loop_early_escape; /* j is paired */
+            }
+        }
+      }
+      j++;
+
+pbacktrack_ext_loop_early_escape:
+
+      if (j==length+1){
+        nrerror("pbacktrack@2Dpfold.c: backtracking failed in ext loop");
+      }
+
+      backtrack(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, i,j);
+
+      if(j==length) break;
+      start = j+1;
+      d1 -= cnt1 + da;
+      d2 -= cnt2 + db;
+    } /* end if d1!=-1 */
+  }
+  return pstruc;
+}
+
+
+PRIVATE char *TwoDpfold_pbacktrack_circ(TwoDpfold_vars *vars, int d1, int d2){
+  char            *pstruc;
+  unsigned int    i, n, maxD1, maxD2,
+                  *referenceBPs1, *referenceBPs2;
+  int             *my_iindx,
+                  k_min_values_qc, k_max_values_qc,
+                  k_min_values_qcH, k_max_values_qcH,
+                  k_min_values_qcI, k_max_values_qcI,
+                  k_min_values_qcM, k_max_values_qcM,
+                  *l_min_values_qc, *l_max_values_qc,
+                  *l_min_values_qcH, *l_max_values_qcH,
+                  *l_min_values_qcI, *l_max_values_qcI,
+                  *l_min_values_qcM, *l_max_values_qcM;
+  FLT_OR_DBL      r, *scale, qot,
+                  **Q_c, **Q_cH, **Q_cI, **Q_cM,
+                  Q_c_rem, Q_cH_rem, Q_cI_rem, Q_cM_rem;
+
+  n                 = vars->seq_length;
+  maxD1             = vars->maxD1;
+  maxD2             = vars->maxD2;
+  my_iindx          = vars->my_iindx;
+  scale             = vars->scale;
+  referenceBPs1     = vars->referenceBPs1;
+  referenceBPs2     = vars->referenceBPs2;
+
+  Q_c               = vars->Q_c;
+  l_min_values_qc   = vars->l_min_values_qc;
+  l_max_values_qc   = vars->l_max_values_qc;
+  k_min_values_qc   = vars->k_min_values_qc;
+  k_max_values_qc   = vars->k_max_values_qc;
+
+  Q_cH              = vars->Q_cH;
+  l_min_values_qcH  = vars->l_min_values_qcH;
+  l_max_values_qcH  = vars->l_max_values_qcH;
+  k_min_values_qcH  = vars->k_min_values_qcH;
+  k_max_values_qcH  = vars->k_max_values_qcH;
+
+  Q_cI              = vars->Q_cI;
+  l_min_values_qcI  = vars->l_min_values_qcI;
+  l_max_values_qcI  = vars->l_max_values_qcI;
+  k_min_values_qcI  = vars->k_min_values_qcI;
+  k_max_values_qcI  = vars->k_max_values_qcI;
+
+  Q_cM              = vars->Q_cM;
+  l_min_values_qcM  = vars->l_min_values_qcM;
+  l_max_values_qcM  = vars->l_max_values_qcM;
+  k_min_values_qcM  = vars->k_min_values_qcM;
+  k_max_values_qcM  = vars->k_max_values_qcM;
+
+  Q_c_rem           = vars->Q_c_rem;
+  Q_cH_rem          = vars->Q_cH_rem;
+  Q_cI_rem          = vars->Q_cI_rem;
+  Q_cM_rem          = vars->Q_cM_rem;
+
+  /* check whether the chosen neighborhood exists at all */
+  int dumb = 1;
+  if((d1 == -1) && (Q_c_rem != 0.)) dumb = 0;
+  else{
+    if((k_min_values_qc <= d1) && (k_max_values_qc >= d1)){
+      int l_min = l_min_values_qc[d1];
+      if((d2 % 2) == (l_min%2))
+        if((l_min <= d2) && (l_max_values_qc[d1] >= d2))
+          dumb = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  if(dumb){
+    fprintf(stderr, "neighborhood %d:%d is not in scope of calculated partition function!\n", d1, d2);
+    nrerror("pbacktrack_circ@2Dpfold.c: exiting cheerless...");
+  }
+
+  pstruc = space((n+1)*sizeof(char));
+
+  for (i=0; i<n; i++) pstruc[i] = '.';
+  pstruc[i] = '\0';
+
+  /* now we come to the actual backtracking process */
+
+  qot = 0.;
+  /* backtrack in rest-partition */
+  if(d1 == -1){
+    r = urn() * Q_c_rem;
+    /* open chain ? */
+    if((referenceBPs1[my_iindx[1]-n] > maxD1) || (referenceBPs2[my_iindx[1]-n] > maxD2)){
+      qot = 1.0 * scale[n];
+      if(qot >= r)
+        goto pbacktrack_circ_escape;
+    }
+    qot += Q_cH_rem;
+    if(qot >= r){
+      backtrack_qcH(vars, pstruc, d1, d2);
+      goto pbacktrack_circ_escape;
+    }
+    qot += Q_cI_rem;
+    if(qot >= r){
+      backtrack_qcI(vars, pstruc, d1, d2);
+      goto pbacktrack_circ_escape;
+    }
+    qot += Q_cM_rem;
+    if(qot >= r){
+      backtrack_qcM(vars, pstruc, d1, d2);
+      goto pbacktrack_circ_escape;
+    }
+    nrerror("pbacktrack_circ@2Dpfold.c: backtracking failed in exterior loop! Exiting cheerless...");
+  }
+  /* normal backtracking */
+  else{
+    r = urn() * Q_c[d1][d2/2];
+
+    /* open chain ? */
+    if((referenceBPs1[my_iindx[1]-n] == d1) && (referenceBPs2[my_iindx[1]-n] == d2)){
+      qot += 1.0 * scale[n];
+      if(qot >= r)
+        goto pbacktrack_circ_escape;
+    }
+
+    /* exterior hairpin loop ? */
+    if((k_min_values_qcH <= d1) && (k_max_values_qcH >= d1)){
+      int l_min = l_min_values_qcH[d1];
+      if((d2 % 2) == (l_min%2))
+        if((l_min <= d2) && (l_max_values_qcH[d1] >= d2)){
+          qot += Q_cH[d1][d2/2];
+          if(qot >= r){
+            backtrack_qcH(vars, pstruc, d1, d2);
+            goto pbacktrack_circ_escape;
+          }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* exterior interior loop ? */
+    if((k_min_values_qcI <= d1) && (k_max_values_qcI >= d1)){
+      int l_min = l_min_values_qcI[d1];
+      if((d2 % 2) == (l_min%2))
+        if((l_min <= d2) && (l_max_values_qcI[d1] >= d2)){
+          qot += Q_cI[d1][d2/2];
+          if(qot >= r){
+            backtrack_qcI(vars, pstruc, d1, d2);
+            goto pbacktrack_circ_escape;
+          }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* exterior multibranch loop ? */
+    if((k_min_values_qcM <= d1) && (k_max_values_qcM >= d1)){
+      int l_min = l_min_values_qcM[d1];
+      if((d2 % 2) == (l_min%2))
+        if((l_min <= d2) && (l_max_values_qcM[d1] >= d2)){
+          qot += Q_cM[d1][d2/2];
+          if(qot >= r){
+            backtrack_qcM(vars, pstruc, d1, d2);
+            goto pbacktrack_circ_escape;
+          }
+        }
+    }
+  }
+
+pbacktrack_circ_escape:
+  return pstruc;
+}
+
+
+
+PRIVATE void backtrack_qcH(TwoDpfold_vars *vars, char *pstruc, int d1, int d2){
+  char            *ptype, *sequence;
+  short           *S1;
+  unsigned int    i, j, n, maxD1, maxD2,
+                  base_d1, base_d2, da, db,
+                  *referenceBPs1, *referenceBPs2;
+  int             u, *my_iindx, ij, cnt1, cnt2,type,
+                  **l_min_values_b, **l_max_values_b,
+                  *k_min_values_b, *k_max_values_b;
+  FLT_OR_DBL      r, qt, *scale, qot,
+                  ***Q_B, **Q_cH, *Q_B_rem,
+                  Q_cH_rem;
+  pf_paramT       *pf_params;
+
+
+  pf_params         = vars->pf_params;
+  sequence          = vars->sequence;
+  n                 = vars->seq_length;
+  my_iindx          = vars->my_iindx;
+  scale             = vars->scale;
+  ptype             = vars->ptype;
+  S1                = vars->S1;
+  referenceBPs1     = vars->referenceBPs1;
+  referenceBPs2     = vars->referenceBPs2;
+  maxD1             = vars->maxD1;
+  maxD2             = vars->maxD2;
+
+  Q_B_rem           = vars->Q_B_rem;
+  Q_B               = vars->Q_B;
+  l_min_values_b    = vars->l_min_values_b;
+  l_max_values_b    = vars->l_max_values_b;
+  k_min_values_b    = vars->k_min_values_b;
+  k_max_values_b    = vars->k_max_values_b;
+
+  Q_cH_rem          = vars->Q_cH_rem;
+  Q_cH              = vars->Q_cH;
+
+  qot = qt = 0.;
+
+  base_d1 = referenceBPs1[my_iindx[1]-n];
+  base_d2 = referenceBPs2[my_iindx[1]-n];
+
+  if(d1 == -1){
+    r = urn() * Q_cH_rem;
+    for(i=1;i<n;i++)
+      for(j=i+TURN+1;j<=n;j++){
+        char loopseq[10];
+        ij = my_iindx[i]-j;
+        u = n-j + i-1;
+        if (u<TURN) continue;
+        type = ptype[ij];
+        if (!type) continue;
+        if(((type==3)||(type==4))&&no_closingGU) continue;
+        type=rtype[type];
+        if (u<7){
+          strcpy(loopseq , sequence+j-1);
+          strncat(loopseq, sequence, i);
+        }
+        qt  = exp_E_Hairpin(u, type,
+                            S1[j+1], S1[i-1],
+                            loopseq, pf_params)
+              * scale[u];
+
+        if(Q_B_rem[ij]){
+          qot += Q_B_rem[ij] * qt;
+          if(qot >= r){
+            backtrack(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, i, j);
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+
+        da = base_d1 - referenceBPs1[ij];
+        db = base_d2 - referenceBPs2[ij];
+
+        if(Q_B[ij]){
+          for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[ij];
+              cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[ij];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2){
+              if(     ((cnt1 + da) > maxD1)
+                  ||  ((cnt2 + db) > maxD2)){
+                qot += Q_B[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2] * qt;
+                if(qot >= r){
+                  backtrack(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, i, j);
+                  return;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  }
+  else{
+    r = urn() * Q_cH[d1][d2/2];
+    for(i=1;i<n;i++)
+      for(j=i+TURN+1;j<=n;j++){
+        char loopseq[10];
+        ij = my_iindx[i]-j;
+        if(!Q_B[ij]) continue;
+        u = n-j + i-1;
+        if (u<TURN) continue;
+        type = ptype[ij];
+        if (!type) continue;
+        if(((type==3)||(type==4))&&no_closingGU) continue;
+        type=rtype[type];
+        if (u<7){
+          strcpy(loopseq , sequence+j-1);
+          strncat(loopseq, sequence, i);
+        }
+        qt  = exp_E_Hairpin(u, type,
+                            S1[j+1], S1[i-1],
+                            loopseq, pf_params)
+              * scale[u];
+        da  = base_d1 - referenceBPs1[ij];
+        db  = base_d2 - referenceBPs2[ij];
+
+        for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[ij];
+            cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[ij];
+            cnt1++)
+          for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+              cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+              cnt2 += 2){
+            if( ((cnt1 + da) == d1)
+                && ((cnt2 + db) == d2)){
+              qot += Q_B[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2] * qt;
+              if(qot >= r){
+                backtrack(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, i, j);
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+      }
+  }
+  nrerror("backtrack_qcH@2Dpfold.c: failed to find closing pair!");
+}
+
+PRIVATE void  backtrack_qcI(TwoDpfold_vars *vars,
+                            char *pstruc,
+                            int d1, int d2){
+
+  char            *ptype;
+  short           *S1;
+  unsigned int    i, j, ij, p, q, pq, n, maxD1, maxD2,
+                  base_d1, base_d2, da, db,
+                  *referenceBPs1, *referenceBPs2;
+  int             *my_iindx, cnt1, cnt2, cnt3, cnt4, type,
+                  **l_min_values_b, **l_max_values_b,
+                  *k_min_values_b, *k_max_values_b;
+  FLT_OR_DBL      r, qt, *scale, qot,
+                  ***Q_B, *Q_B_rem,
+                  **Q_cI, Q_cI_rem;
+  pf_paramT       *pf_params;
+
+
+  pf_params         = vars->pf_params;
+  n                 = vars->seq_length;
+  my_iindx          = vars->my_iindx;
+  scale             = vars->scale;
+  ptype             = vars->ptype;
+  S1                = vars->S1;
+  referenceBPs1     = vars->referenceBPs1;
+  referenceBPs2     = vars->referenceBPs2;
+  maxD1             = vars->maxD1;
+  maxD2             = vars->maxD2;
+
+  Q_B               = vars->Q_B;
+  l_min_values_b    = vars->l_min_values_b;
+  l_max_values_b    = vars->l_max_values_b;
+  k_min_values_b    = vars->k_min_values_b;
+  k_max_values_b    = vars->k_max_values_b;
+
+  Q_cI              = vars->Q_cI;
+  Q_B_rem           = vars->Q_B_rem;
+  Q_cI_rem          = vars->Q_cI_rem;
+
+  qot = qt = 0.;
+
+  base_d1 = referenceBPs1[my_iindx[1]-n];
+  base_d2 = referenceBPs2[my_iindx[1]-n];
+
+  if(d1 == -1){
+    r = urn() * Q_cI_rem;
+    for(i=1;i<n;i++)
+      for(j=i+TURN+1;j<=n;j++){
+        ij = my_iindx[i]-j;
+        type = rtype[(unsigned int)ptype[ij]];
+        if(!ptype) continue;
+
+        if(Q_B_rem[ij])
+          for(p=j+1; p < n; p++){
+            unsigned int ln1, qstart, ln_pre;
+            ln1 = p - j - 1;
+            if(ln1+i-1>MAXLOOP) break;
+            qstart = p + TURN + 1;
+            ln_pre = ln1 + i + n;
+            if(ln_pre > qstart + MAXLOOP)
+              qstart = ln_pre - MAXLOOP - 1;
+            for(q=qstart;q <= n; q++){
+              unsigned int ln2;
+              int type2;
+              pq = my_iindx[p]-q;
+              ln2 = (i - 1) + (n - q);
+              if((ln1+ln2) > MAXLOOP) continue;
+              type2 = ptype[pq];
+              if(!type2) continue;
+              qt  = exp_E_IntLoop(ln2, ln1,
+                                  rtype[type2], type,
+                                  S1[q+1], S1[p-1],
+                                  S1[i-1], S1[j+1],
+                                  pf_params)
+                    * scale[ln1 + ln2];
+              if(Q_B_rem[pq]){
+                qot +=  Q_B_rem[ij] * Q_B_rem[pq] * qt;
+                if(qot > r){
+                  backtrack(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, i, j);
+                  backtrack(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, p, q);
+                  return;
+                }
+              }
+              if(Q_B[pq])
+                for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[pq];
+                    cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[pq];
+                    cnt1++)
+                  for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[pq][cnt1];
+                      cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[pq][cnt1];
+                      cnt2 += 2){
+                    qot +=  Q_B_rem[ij] * Q_B[pq][cnt1][cnt2/2] * qt;
+                    if(qot > r){
+                      backtrack(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, i, j);
+                      backtrack(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, p, q);
+                      return;
+                    }
+                  }
+            }
+          }
+
+        if(Q_B[ij]){
+          for(p=j+1; p < n; p++){
+            unsigned int ln1, qstart, ln_pre;
+            ln1 = p - j - 1;
+            if(ln1+i-1>MAXLOOP) break;
+            qstart = p + TURN + 1;
+            ln_pre = ln1 + i + n;
+            if(ln_pre > qstart + MAXLOOP)
+              qstart = ln_pre - MAXLOOP - 1;
+            for(q=qstart;q <= n; q++){
+              unsigned int ln2;
+              int type2;
+              pq = my_iindx[p]-q;
+              ln2 = (i - 1) + (n - q);
+              if((ln1+ln2) > MAXLOOP) continue;
+              type2 = ptype[pq];
+              if(!type2) continue;
+              qt  = exp_E_IntLoop(ln2, ln1,
+                                  rtype[type2], type,
+                                  S1[q+1], S1[p-1],
+                                  S1[i-1], S1[j+1],
+                                  pf_params)
+                    * scale[ln1 + ln2];
+              if(Q_B_rem[pq])
+                for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[ij];
+                    cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[ij];
+                    cnt1++)
+                  for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                      cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                      cnt2 += 2){
+                    qot +=  Q_B[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_B_rem[pq] * qt;
+                    if(qot > r){
+                      backtrack(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, i, j);
+                      backtrack(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, p, q);
+                      return;
+                    }
+                  }
+              if(Q_B[pq]){
+                da  = base_d1
+                      - referenceBPs1[ij]
+                      - referenceBPs1[pq];
+                db  = base_d2
+                      - referenceBPs2[ij]
+                      - referenceBPs2[pq];
+                for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[ij];
+                    cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[ij];
+                    cnt1++)
+                  for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                      cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                      cnt2 += 2)
+                    for(cnt3 = k_min_values_b[pq];
+                        cnt3 <= k_max_values_b[pq];
+                        cnt3++)
+                      for(cnt4 = l_min_values_b[pq][cnt3];
+                          cnt4 <= l_max_values_b[pq][cnt3];
+                          cnt4 += 2){
+                        if(     ((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) > maxD1)
+                            ||  ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) > maxD2)){
+                          qot +=  Q_B[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2]
+                                  * Q_B[pq][cnt3][cnt4/2]
+                                  * qt;
+                          if(qot > r){
+                            backtrack(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, i, j);
+                            backtrack(vars, pstruc, cnt3, cnt4, p, q);
+                            return;
+                          }
+                        }
+                      }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+  }
+  else{
+    r = urn() * Q_cI[d1][d2/2];
+    for(i=1;i<n;i++)
+      for(j=i+TURN+1;j<=n;j++){
+        ij = my_iindx[i]-j;
+        type = rtype[(unsigned int)ptype[ij]];
+        if(!ptype) continue;
+        if(!Q_B[ij]) continue;
+        for(p=j+1; p < n; p++){
+          unsigned int ln1, qstart, ln_pre;
+          ln1 = p - j - 1;
+          if(ln1+i-1>MAXLOOP) break;
+          qstart = p + TURN + 1;
+          ln_pre = ln1 + i + n;
+          if(ln_pre > qstart + MAXLOOP)
+            qstart = ln_pre - MAXLOOP - 1;
+          for(q=qstart;q <= n; q++){
+            unsigned int ln2;
+            int type2;
+            pq    = my_iindx[p]-q;
+            if(!Q_B[pq]) continue;
+            ln2   = (i - 1) + (n - q);
+            if((ln1+ln2) > MAXLOOP) continue;
+            type2 = ptype[pq];
+            if(!type2) continue;
+            qt  = exp_E_IntLoop( ln2, ln1,
+                                rtype[type2], type,
+                                S1[q+1], S1[p-1],
+                                S1[i-1], S1[j+1],
+                                pf_params)
+                  * scale[ln1 + ln2];
+            da  = base_d1
+                  - referenceBPs1[ij]
+                  - referenceBPs1[pq];
+            db  = base_d2
+                  - referenceBPs2[ij]
+                  - referenceBPs2[pq];
+            for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[ij];
+                cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[ij];
+                cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[ij][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 += 2)
+                for(cnt3 = k_min_values_b[pq];
+                    cnt3 <= k_max_values_b[pq];
+                    cnt3++)
+                  for(cnt4 = l_min_values_b[pq][cnt3];
+                      cnt4 <= l_max_values_b[pq][cnt3];
+                      cnt4 += 2){
+                    if(     ((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) == d1)
+                        &&  ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) == d2)){
+                      qot +=  Q_B[ij][cnt1][cnt2/2]
+                              * Q_B[pq][cnt3][cnt4/2]
+                              * qt;
+                      if(qot > r){
+                        backtrack(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, i, j);
+                        backtrack(vars, pstruc, cnt3, cnt4, p, q);
+                        return;
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+PRIVATE void  backtrack_qcM(TwoDpfold_vars *vars,
+                            char *pstruc,
+                            int d1, int d2){
+
+  unsigned int  k, n, maxD1, maxD2, base_d1, base_d2,
+                da, db, *referenceBPs1, *referenceBPs2;
+  int           *my_iindx, cnt1, cnt2, cnt3, cnt4,
+                **l_min_values_m, **l_max_values_m,
+                **l_min_values_m2, **l_max_values_m2,
+                *k_min_values_m, *k_max_values_m,
+                *k_min_values_m2, *k_max_values_m2;
+  FLT_OR_DBL    r, qt, qot,
+                ***Q_M, ***Q_M2, **Q_cM,
+                *Q_M_rem, *Q_M2_rem, Q_cM_rem;
+  pf_paramT     *pf_params;
+
+
+  pf_params         = vars->pf_params;
+  n                 = vars->seq_length;
+  my_iindx          = vars->my_iindx;
+  referenceBPs1     = vars->referenceBPs1;
+  referenceBPs2     = vars->referenceBPs2;
+  maxD1             = vars->maxD1;
+  maxD2             = vars->maxD2;
+
+  Q_cM              = vars->Q_cM;
+
+  Q_M               = vars->Q_M;
+  l_min_values_m    = vars->l_min_values_m;
+  l_max_values_m    = vars->l_max_values_m;
+  k_min_values_m    = vars->k_min_values_m;
+  k_max_values_m    = vars->k_max_values_m;
+
+  Q_M2              = vars->Q_M2;
+  l_min_values_m2   = vars->l_min_values_m2;
+  l_max_values_m2   = vars->l_max_values_m2;
+  k_min_values_m2   = vars->k_min_values_m2;
+  k_max_values_m2   = vars->k_max_values_m2;
+
+  Q_cM_rem          = vars->Q_cM_rem;
+  Q_M_rem           = vars->Q_M_rem;
+  Q_M2_rem          = vars->Q_M2_rem;
+
+  base_d1 = referenceBPs1[my_iindx[1]-n];
+  base_d2 = referenceBPs2[my_iindx[1]-n];
+  qot     = qt = 0.;
+
+  if(d1 == -1){
+    r = urn() * Q_cM_rem;
+    for(k = TURN + 2;
+        k < n - 2 * TURN - 3;
+        k++){
+
+      if(Q_M_rem[my_iindx[1]-k]){
+
+        if(Q_M2[k+1])
+          for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m2[k+1];
+              cnt1 <= k_max_values_m2[k+1];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m2[k+1][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= l_max_values_m2[k+1][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2){
+              qot +=  Q_M_rem[my_iindx[1]-k]
+                      * Q_M2[k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2]
+                      * pf_params->expMLclosing;
+              if(qot > r){
+                backtrack_qm(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, 1, k);
+                backtrack_qm2(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, k+1);
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+
+        if(Q_M2_rem[k+1]){
+          qot +=  Q_M_rem[my_iindx[1]-k]
+                  * Q_M2_rem[k+1]
+                  * pf_params->expMLclosing;
+          if(qot > r){
+            backtrack_qm(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, 1, k);
+            backtrack_qm2(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, k+1);
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      if(Q_M2_rem[k+1]){
+
+        if(Q_M[my_iindx[1]-k])
+          for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k];
+              cnt1 <= k_max_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= l_max_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2){
+              qot +=  Q_M[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1][cnt2/2]
+                      * Q_M2_rem[k+1]
+                      * pf_params->expMLclosing;
+              if(qot > r){
+                backtrack_qm(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, 1, k);
+                backtrack_qm2(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, k+1);
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+
+      }
+
+      da  = base_d1
+            - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[1]-k]
+            - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k+1]-n];
+      db  = base_d2
+            - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[1]-k]
+            - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k+1]-n];
+
+      if(     Q_M[my_iindx[1]-k]
+          &&  Q_M2[k+1])
+        for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k];
+            cnt1 <= k_max_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k];
+            cnt1++)
+          for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1];
+              cnt2 <= l_max_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1];
+              cnt2 += 2)
+            for(cnt3 = k_min_values_m2[k+1];
+                cnt3 <= k_max_values_m2[k+1];
+                cnt3++)
+              for(cnt4 = l_min_values_m2[k+1][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 <= l_max_values_m2[k+1][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 += 2){
+                if(     ((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) > maxD1)
+                    ||  ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) > maxD2)){
+                  qot   +=  Q_M[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1][cnt2/2]
+                            * Q_M2[k+1][cnt3][cnt4/2]
+                            * pf_params->expMLclosing;
+                  if(qot > r){
+                    backtrack_qm(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, 1, k);
+                    backtrack_qm2(vars, pstruc, cnt3, cnt4, k+1);
+                    return;
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+
+    }
+  }
+  else{
+    r = urn() * Q_cM[d1][d2/2];
+    for(k = TURN + 2;
+        k < n - 2 * TURN - 3;
+        k++){
+      da  = base_d1
+            - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[1]-k]
+            - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k+1]-n];
+      db  = base_d2
+            - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[1]-k]
+            - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k+1]-n];
+        if(     Q_M[my_iindx[1]-k]
+            &&  Q_M2[k+1])
+          for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k];
+              cnt1 <= k_max_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= l_max_values_m[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2)
+              for(cnt3 = k_min_values_m2[k+1];
+                  cnt3 <= k_max_values_m2[k+1];
+                  cnt3++)
+                for(cnt4 = l_min_values_m2[k+1][cnt3];
+                    cnt4 <= l_max_values_m2[k+1][cnt3];
+                    cnt4 += 2)
+                  if(     ((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) == d1)
+                      &&  ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) == d2)){
+                    qot +=  Q_M[my_iindx[1]-k][cnt1][cnt2/2]
+                            * Q_M2[k+1][cnt3][cnt4/2]
+                            * pf_params->expMLclosing;
+                    if(qot > r){
+                      backtrack_qm(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, 1, k);
+                      backtrack_qm2(vars, pstruc, cnt3, cnt4, k+1);
+                      return;
+                    }
+                  }
+    }
+  }
+  nrerror("backtrack_qcM@2Dpfold.c: backtracking failed");
+}
+
+PRIVATE void backtrack_qm2( TwoDpfold_vars *vars,
+                            char *pstruc,
+                            int d1, int d2, unsigned int k){
+
+  unsigned int  l, n, maxD1, maxD2, da, db,
+                *referenceBPs1, *referenceBPs2;
+  int           *my_iindx, *jindx, cnt1, cnt2, cnt3, cnt4,
+                *k_min_values_m1, *k_max_values_m1,
+                **l_min_values_m1, **l_max_values_m1;
+  FLT_OR_DBL    r, qt, qot,
+                ***Q_M2, ***Q_M1,
+                *Q_M2_rem, *Q_M1_rem;
+
+
+  n               = vars->seq_length;
+  my_iindx        = vars->my_iindx;
+  jindx           = vars->jindx;
+  referenceBPs1   = vars->referenceBPs1;
+  referenceBPs2   = vars->referenceBPs2;
+  maxD1           = vars->maxD1;
+  maxD2           = vars->maxD2;
+
+  Q_M1_rem        = vars->Q_M1_rem;
+  Q_M1            = vars->Q_M1;
+  l_min_values_m1 = vars->l_min_values_m1;
+  l_max_values_m1 = vars->l_max_values_m1;
+  k_min_values_m1 = vars->k_min_values_m1;
+  k_max_values_m1 = vars->k_max_values_m1;
+
+  Q_M2_rem        = vars->Q_M2_rem;
+  Q_M2            = vars->Q_M2;
+
+  qot = qt = 0.;
+
+  if(d1 == -1){
+    r = urn() * Q_M2_rem[k];
+    for (l=k+TURN+1; l<n-TURN-1; l++){
+      if(Q_M1_rem[jindx[l]+k]){
+        if(Q_M1[jindx[n]+l+1]){
+          for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m1[jindx[n]+l+1];
+              cnt1 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[n]+l+1];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m1[jindx[n]+l+1][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[n]+l+1][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2){
+              qot += Q_M1_rem[jindx[l]+k] * Q_M1[jindx[n]+l+1][cnt1][cnt2/2];
+              if(qot > r){
+                backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, k, l);
+                backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, l+1, n);
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+        }
+        if(Q_M1_rem[jindx[n]+l+1]){
+          qot +=  Q_M1_rem[jindx[l]+k]
+                  * Q_M1_rem[jindx[n]+l+1];
+          if(qot > r){
+            backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, k, l);
+            backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, l+1, n);
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if(Q_M1_rem[jindx[n]+l+1]){
+        if(Q_M1[jindx[l]+k])
+          for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m1[jindx[l]+k];
+              cnt1 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[l]+k];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2){
+              qot +=  Q_M1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1][cnt2/2]
+                      * Q_M1_rem[jindx[n]+l+1];
+              if(qot > r){
+                backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, k, l);
+                backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, l+1, n);
+                return;
+              }
+            }
+      }
+
+      if(!Q_M1[jindx[l]+k]) continue;
+      if(!Q_M1[jindx[n] + l + 1]) continue;
+
+      da  = referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-n]
+            - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-l]
+            - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[l+1]-n];
+      db  = referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-n]
+            - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-l]
+            - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[l+1]-n];
+      for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m1[jindx[l]+k];
+          cnt1 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[l]+k];
+          cnt1++)
+        for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1];
+            cnt2 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1];
+            cnt2 += 2){
+          for(cnt3 = k_min_values_m1[jindx[n] + l + 1];
+              cnt3 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[n] + l + 1];
+              cnt3++)
+            for(cnt4 = l_min_values_m1[jindx[n] + l + 1][cnt3];
+                cnt4 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[n] + l + 1][cnt3];
+                cnt4 += 2){
+              if(    ((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) > maxD1)
+                  || ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) > maxD2)){
+                qot +=  Q_M1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1][cnt2/2]
+                        * Q_M1[jindx[n] + l + 1][cnt3][cnt4/2];
+                if(qot > r){
+                  backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, k, l);
+                  backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, cnt3, cnt4, l+1, n);
+                  return;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  }
+  else{
+    r = urn() * Q_M2[k][d1][d2/2];
+    for (l=k+TURN+1; l<n-TURN-1; l++){
+      if(!Q_M1[jindx[l]+k]) continue;
+      if(!Q_M1[jindx[n] + l + 1]) continue;
+
+      da  = referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-n]
+            - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-l]
+            - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[l+1]-n];
+      db  = referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-n]
+            - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-l]
+            - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[l+1]-n];
+      for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m1[jindx[l]+k];
+          cnt1 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[l]+k];
+          cnt1++)
+        for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1];
+            cnt2 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1];
+            cnt2 += 2){
+          for(cnt3 = k_min_values_m1[jindx[n] + l + 1];
+              cnt3 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[n] + l + 1];
+              cnt3++)
+            for(cnt4 = l_min_values_m1[jindx[n] + l + 1][cnt3];
+                cnt4 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[n] + l + 1][cnt3];
+                cnt4 += 2){
+              if(     ((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) == d1)
+                  &&  ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) == d2)){
+                qot +=  Q_M1[jindx[l]+k][cnt1][cnt2/2]
+                        * Q_M1[jindx[n] + l + 1][cnt3][cnt4/2];
+                if(qot > r){
+                  backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, k, l);
+                  backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, cnt3, cnt4, l+1, n);
+                  return;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  }
+  nrerror("backtrack_qm2@2Dpfold.c: backtracking failed");
+}
+
+
+PRIVATE void backtrack(TwoDpfold_vars *vars, char *pstruc, int d1, int d2, unsigned int i, unsigned int j) {
+  FLT_OR_DBL      *scale;
+  unsigned int    maxD1, maxD2, base_d1, base_d2, da, db;
+  unsigned int    *referenceBPs1, *referenceBPs2;
+  pf_paramT       *pf_params;     /* holds all [unscaled] pf parameters */
+  char            *ptype, *sequence;
+  short           *S1, *reference_pt1, *reference_pt2;
+  int             *my_iindx, *jindx, ij, cnt1, cnt2, cnt3, cnt4;
+
+  pf_params   = vars->pf_params;
+  sequence    = vars->sequence;
+  maxD1       = vars->maxD1;
+  maxD2       = vars->maxD2;
+  my_iindx    = vars->my_iindx;
+  jindx       = vars->jindx;
+  scale       = vars->scale;
+  ptype       = vars->ptype;
+  S1              = vars->S1;
+  reference_pt1   = vars->reference_pt1;
+  reference_pt2   = vars->reference_pt2;
+  referenceBPs1   = vars->referenceBPs1;
+  referenceBPs2   = vars->referenceBPs2;
+
+  FLT_OR_DBL  ***Q_B, ***Q_M, ***Q_M1, *Q_B_rem, *Q_M_rem, *Q_M1_rem;
+  int         *k_min_values_m, *k_max_values_m,*k_min_values_m1, *k_max_values_m1,*k_min_values_b, *k_max_values_b;
+  int         **l_min_values_m, **l_max_values_m,**l_min_values_m1, **l_max_values_m1,**l_min_values_b, **l_max_values_b;
+
+  Q_B = vars->Q_B;
+  k_min_values_b = vars->k_min_values_b;
+  k_max_values_b = vars->k_max_values_b;
+  l_min_values_b = vars->l_min_values_b;
+  l_max_values_b = vars->l_max_values_b;
+
+  Q_M = vars->Q_M;
+  k_min_values_m = vars->k_min_values_m;
+  k_max_values_m = vars->k_max_values_m;
+  l_min_values_m = vars->l_min_values_m;
+  l_max_values_m = vars->l_max_values_m;
+
+  Q_M1 = vars->Q_M1;
+  k_min_values_m1 = vars->k_min_values_m1;
+  k_max_values_m1 = vars->k_max_values_m1;
+  l_min_values_m1 = vars->l_min_values_m1;
+  l_max_values_m1 = vars->l_max_values_m1;
+
+  Q_B_rem   = vars->Q_B_rem;
+  Q_M_rem   = vars->Q_M_rem;
+  Q_M1_rem  = vars->Q_M1_rem;
+
+  do {
+    double r, qbt1 = 0.;
+    unsigned int k, l, u, u1;
+    int type;
+
+    pstruc[i-1] = '('; pstruc[j-1] = ')';
+
+    r = 0.;
+    ij = my_iindx[i]-j;
+
+    if(d1 == -1){
+      r= urn() * Q_B_rem[ij];
+      if(r == 0.) nrerror("backtrack@2Dpfold.c: backtracking failed\n");
+      
+      type = ptype[ij];
+      u = j-i-1;
+      base_d1 = ((unsigned int)reference_pt1[i] != j) ? 1 : -1;
+      base_d2 = ((unsigned int)reference_pt2[i] != j) ? 1 : -1;
+
+      da = base_d1 + referenceBPs1[ij];
+      db = base_d2 + referenceBPs2[ij];
+
+      /* hairpin ? */
+      if((da > maxD1) || (db > maxD2))
+        if(!(((type==3)||(type==4))&&no_closingGU))
+          qbt1 = exp_E_Hairpin(u, type, S1[i+1], S1[j-1], sequence+i-1, pf_params) * scale[u+2];
+
+      if (qbt1>=r) return; /* found the hairpin we're done */
+
+      /* lets see if we form an interior loop */
+      for (k=i+1; k<=MIN2(i+MAXLOOP+1,j-TURN-2); k++) {
+        unsigned int u_pre, lmin;
+        u1 = k-i-1;
+        lmin = k + TURN + 1;
+        u_pre = u1 + j;
+        /* lmin = MAX2(k + TURN + 1, u1 + j - 1 - MAXLOOP) */
+        if(u_pre > lmin + MAXLOOP) lmin = u_pre - 1 - MAXLOOP;
+        for (l=lmin; l<j; l++) {
+          int type_2;
+          type_2 = ptype[my_iindx[k]-l];
+          if (type_2) {
+            cnt1 = cnt2 = -1;
+            da = base_d1 + referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-j] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-l];
+            db = base_d2 + referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-j] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-l];
+            type_2 = rtype[type_2];
+            FLT_OR_DBL tmp_en = exp_E_IntLoop(u1, j-l-1, type, type_2, S1[i+1], S1[j-1], S1[k-1], S1[l+1], pf_params) * scale[u1+j-l+1];
+
+            if(Q_B_rem[my_iindx[k]-l] != 0.){
+              qbt1 += Q_B_rem[my_iindx[k]-l] * tmp_en;
+              if(qbt1 > r) goto backtrack_int_early_escape_rem;
+            }
+
+            if(Q_B[my_iindx[k]-l])
+              for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[my_iindx[k]-l];
+                  cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[my_iindx[k]-l];
+                  cnt1++)
+                for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[my_iindx[k]-l][cnt1];
+                    cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[my_iindx[k]-l][cnt1];
+                    cnt2 += 2)
+                  if(((cnt1 + da) > maxD1) || ((cnt2 + db) > maxD2)){
+                    qbt1 += Q_B[my_iindx[k]-l][cnt1][cnt2/2] * tmp_en;
+                    if(qbt1 > r) goto backtrack_int_early_escape_rem;
+                  }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+backtrack_int_early_escape_rem:
+      if (l<j) {
+        i=k; j=l;
+        d1 = cnt1;
+        d2 = cnt2;
+      }
+      else break;
+    }
+    else{
+
+      if((d1 >= k_min_values_b[ij]) && (d1 <= k_max_values_b[ij]))
+        if((d2 >= l_min_values_b[ij][d1]) && (d2 <= l_max_values_b[ij][d1]))
+          r = urn() * Q_B[ij][d1][d2/2];
+
+      if(r == 0.) nrerror("backtrack@2Dpfold.c: backtracking failed\n");
+
+      type = ptype[ij];
+      u = j-i-1;
+      base_d1 = ((unsigned int)reference_pt1[i] != j) ? 1 : -1;
+      base_d2 = ((unsigned int)reference_pt2[i] != j) ? 1 : -1;
+
+      da = base_d1 + referenceBPs1[ij];
+      db = base_d2 + referenceBPs2[ij];
+
+      /*hairpin contribution*/
+      if((da == d1) && (db == d2))
+        if(!(((type==3)||(type==4))&&no_closingGU))
+          qbt1 = exp_E_Hairpin(u, type, S1[i+1], S1[j-1], sequence+i-1, pf_params) * scale[u+2];
+
+      if (qbt1>=r) return; /* found the hairpin we're done */
+
+      for (k=i+1; k<=MIN2(i+MAXLOOP+1,j-TURN-2); k++) {
+        unsigned int u_pre, lmin;
+        u1 = k-i-1;
+        lmin = k + TURN + 1;
+        u_pre = u1 + j;
+        /* lmin = MAX2(k + TURN + 1, u1 + j - 1 - MAXLOOP) */
+        if(u_pre > lmin + MAXLOOP) lmin = u_pre - 1 - MAXLOOP;
+        for (l=lmin; l<j; l++) {
+          int type_2;
+          type_2 = ptype[my_iindx[k]-l];
+          if (type_2) {
+            da = base_d1 + referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-j] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-l];
+            db = base_d2 + referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-j] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-l];
+            type_2 = rtype[type_2];
+            FLT_OR_DBL tmp_en = exp_E_IntLoop(u1, j-l-1, type, type_2, S1[i+1], S1[j-1], S1[k-1], S1[l+1], pf_params) * scale[u1+j-l+1];
+            if(d1 >= da && d2 >= db)
+              if((d1 - da >= k_min_values_b[my_iindx[k]-l]) && (d1 - da <= k_max_values_b[my_iindx[k]-l]))
+                if((d2 - db >= l_min_values_b[my_iindx[k]-l][d1 - da]) && (d2 - db <= l_max_values_b[my_iindx[k]-l][d1 - da])){
+                  cnt1 = d1 - da;
+                  cnt2 = d2 - db;
+                  qbt1 += Q_B[my_iindx[k]-l][cnt1][cnt2/2] * tmp_en;
+                  if(qbt1 > r) goto backtrack_int_early_escape;
+                }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+backtrack_int_early_escape:
+      if (l<j) {
+        i=k; j=l;
+        d1 = cnt1;
+        d2 = cnt2;
+      }
+      else break;
+    }
+  } while (1);
+
+  /* backtrack in multi-loop */
+  {
+    double r, qt;
+    unsigned int k, ii, jj;
+
+    base_d1 = ((unsigned int)reference_pt1[i] != j) ? 1 : -1;
+    base_d2 = ((unsigned int)reference_pt2[i] != j) ? 1 : -1;
+
+    base_d1 += referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-j];
+    base_d2 += referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-j];
+
+    i++; j--;
+    /* find the first split index */
+    ii = my_iindx[i]; /* ii-j=[i,j] */
+    jj = jindx[j]; /* jj+i=[j,i] */
+    if(d1 == -1){
+      /* get total contribution for current part */
+      for (qt=0., k=i+1; k<j; k++){
+        if(Q_M_rem[ii-k+1] != 0.){
+          if(Q_M1[jj+k])
+            for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m1[jj+k];
+                cnt1 <= k_max_values_m1[jj+k];
+                cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m1[jj+k][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 <= l_max_values_m1[jj+k][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 += 2)
+                qt += Q_M_rem[ii-k+1] * Q_M1[jj+k][cnt1][cnt2/2];
+          if(Q_M1_rem[jj+k] != 0.)
+            qt += Q_M_rem[ii-k+1] * Q_M1_rem[jj+k];
+        }
+        if(Q_M1_rem[jj+k] != 0.){
+          if(Q_M[ii-k+1])
+            for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m[ii-k+1];
+                cnt1 <= k_max_values_m[ii-k+1];
+                cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 <= l_max_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 += 2)
+                qt += Q_M[ii-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_M1_rem[jj+k];
+        }
+        /* calculate introduced distance to reference structures */
+        if(!Q_M[ii-k+1]) continue;
+        if(!Q_M1[jj+k]) continue;
+        da = base_d1 - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-k+1] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-j];
+        db = base_d2 - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-k+1] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-j];
+        /* collect all contributing energies */
+        for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m[ii-k+1];
+            cnt1 <= k_max_values_m[ii-k+1];
+            cnt1++)
+          for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1];
+              cnt2 <= l_max_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1];
+              cnt2 += 2)
+            for(cnt3 = k_min_values_m1[jj+k];
+                cnt3 <= k_max_values_m1[jj+k];
+                cnt3++)
+              for(cnt4 = l_min_values_m1[jj+k][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 <= l_max_values_m1[jj+k][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 += 2)
+                if(((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) > maxD1) || ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) > maxD2))
+                  qt += Q_M[ii-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_M1[jj+k][cnt3][cnt4/2];
+      }
+      /* throw the dice */
+      r = urn() * qt;
+      for (qt=0., k=i+1; k<j; k++) {
+        cnt1 = cnt2 = cnt3 = cnt4 = -1;
+        if(Q_M_rem[ii-k+1] != 0.){
+          if(Q_M1_rem[jj+k] != 0){
+            qt += Q_M_rem[ii-k+1] * Q_M1_rem[jj+k];
+            if(qt >= r) goto backtrack_ml_early_escape;
+          }
+          if(Q_M1[jj+k])
+            for(cnt3 = k_min_values_m1[jj+k];
+                cnt3 <= k_max_values_m1[jj+k];
+                cnt3++)
+              for(cnt4 = l_min_values_m1[jj+k][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 <= l_max_values_m1[jj+k][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 += 2){
+                qt += Q_M_rem[ii-k+1] * Q_M1[jj+k][cnt3][cnt4/2];
+                if(qt >= r) goto backtrack_ml_early_escape;
+              }
+        }
+        if(Q_M1_rem[jj+k] != 0.){
+          cnt3 = cnt4 = -1;
+          if(Q_M[ii-k+1])
+            for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m[ii-k+1];
+                cnt1 <= k_max_values_m[ii-k+1];
+                cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 <= l_max_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 += 2){
+                qt += Q_M[ii-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_M1_rem[jj+k];
+                if(qt >= r) goto backtrack_ml_early_escape;
+              }
+        }
+        /* calculate introduced distance to reference structures */
+        da = base_d1 - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-k+1] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-j];
+        db = base_d2 - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-k+1] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-j];
+        /* collect all contributing energies */
+        if(!Q_M[ii-k+1]) continue;
+        if(!Q_M1[jj+k]) continue;
+        for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m[ii-k+1];
+            cnt1 <= k_max_values_m[ii-k+1];
+            cnt1++)
+          for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1];
+              cnt2 <= l_max_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1];
+              cnt2 += 2)
+            for(cnt3 = k_min_values_m1[jj+k];
+                cnt3 <= k_max_values_m1[jj+k];
+                cnt3++)
+              for(cnt4 = l_min_values_m1[jj+k][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 <= l_max_values_m1[jj+k][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 += 2)
+                if(((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) > maxD1) || ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) > maxD2)){
+                  qt += Q_M[ii-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_M1[jj+k][cnt3][cnt4/2];
+                  if (qt>=r) goto backtrack_ml_early_escape;
+                }
+      }
+    }
+    else{
+      /* get total contribution */
+      for (qt=0., k=i+1; k<j; k++){
+        /* calculate introduced distance to reference structures */
+        da = base_d1 - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-k+1] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-j];
+        db = base_d2 - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-k+1] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-j];
+        /* collect all contributing energies */
+        if(d1 >= da && d2 >= db && Q_M[ii-k+1] && Q_M1[jj+k])
+          for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m[ii-k+1]; cnt1 <= MIN2(k_max_values_m[ii-k+1], d1-da); cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1]; cnt2 <= MIN2(l_max_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1], d2 - db); cnt2+=2)
+              if((d1-cnt1-da >= k_min_values_m1[jj+k]) && (d1-cnt1-da <= k_max_values_m1[jj+k]))
+                if((d2 - cnt2 - db >= l_min_values_m1[jj+k][d1-da-cnt1]) && (d2 - cnt2 - db <= l_max_values_m1[jj+k][d1-cnt1-da]))
+                  qt += Q_M[ii-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_M1[jj+k][d1-da-cnt1][(d2-db-cnt2)/2];
+      }
+      r = urn() * qt;
+      for (qt=0., k=i+1; k<j; k++) {
+        /* calculate introduced distance to reference structures */
+        da = base_d1 - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-k+1] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-j];
+        db = base_d2 - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-k+1] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-j];
+        /* collect all contributing energies */
+        if(d1 >= da && d2 >= db && Q_M[ii-k+1] && Q_M1[jj+k])
+          for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m[ii-k+1]; cnt1 <= MIN2(k_max_values_m[ii-k+1], d1-da); cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1]; cnt2 <= MIN2(l_max_values_m[ii-k+1][cnt1], d2 - db); cnt2+=2)
+              if((d1-cnt1-da >= k_min_values_m1[jj+k]) && (d1-cnt1-da <= k_max_values_m1[jj+k]))
+                if((d2 - cnt2 - db >= l_min_values_m1[jj+k][d1-da-cnt1]) && (d2 - cnt2 - db <= l_max_values_m1[jj+k][d1-cnt1-da])){
+                  cnt3 = d1-da-cnt1;
+                  cnt4 = d2-db-cnt2;
+                  qt += Q_M[ii-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_M1[jj+k][cnt3][cnt4/2];
+                  if (qt>=r) goto backtrack_ml_early_escape;
+                }
+      }
+    }
+    if (k>=j) nrerror("backtrack failed, can't find split index ");
+
+backtrack_ml_early_escape:
+
+    backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, cnt3, cnt4, k, j);
+
+    j = k-1;
+    backtrack_qm(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, i, j);
+  }
+}
+
+PRIVATE void backtrack_qm1(TwoDpfold_vars *vars, char *pstruc, int d1, int d2, unsigned int i, unsigned int j){
+  /* i is paired to l, i<l<j; backtrack in qm1 to find l */
+  FLT_OR_DBL      r, qt, *scale;
+  unsigned int    maxD1, maxD2, da, db;
+  unsigned int    *referenceBPs1, *referenceBPs2;
+  pf_paramT       *pf_params;     /* holds all [unscaled] pf parameters */
+  char            *ptype;
+  short           *S1;
+  int             *my_iindx, *jindx, cnt1, cnt2;
+  pf_params       = vars->pf_params;
+  maxD1           = vars->maxD1;
+  maxD2           = vars->maxD2;
+  my_iindx        = vars->my_iindx;
+  jindx           = vars->jindx;
+  scale           = vars->scale;
+  ptype           = vars->ptype;
+  S1              = vars->S1;
+  referenceBPs1   = vars->referenceBPs1;
+  referenceBPs2   = vars->referenceBPs2;
+
+  FLT_OR_DBL  ***Q_B, ***Q_M1, *Q_B_rem, *Q_M1_rem;
+  int         *k_min_values_m1, *k_max_values_m1,*k_min_values_b, *k_max_values_b;
+  int         **l_min_values_m1, **l_max_values_m1,**l_min_values_b, **l_max_values_b;
+
+  Q_B = vars->Q_B;
+  k_min_values_b = vars->k_min_values_b;
+  k_max_values_b = vars->k_max_values_b;
+  l_min_values_b = vars->l_min_values_b;
+  l_max_values_b = vars->l_max_values_b;
+
+  Q_M1 = vars->Q_M1;
+  k_min_values_m1 = vars->k_min_values_m1;
+  k_max_values_m1 = vars->k_max_values_m1;
+  l_min_values_m1 = vars->l_min_values_m1;
+  l_max_values_m1 = vars->l_max_values_m1;
+
+  Q_B_rem   = vars->Q_B_rem;
+  Q_M1_rem  = vars->Q_M1_rem;
+
+  unsigned int ii, l;
+  int type;
+
+  /* find qm1 contribution */
+  if(d1 == -1)
+    r = urn() * Q_M1_rem[jindx[j]+i];
+  else{
+    if((d1 >= k_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+i]) && (d1 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+i]))
+      if((d2 >= l_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+i][d1]) && (d2 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+i][d1]))
+        r = urn() * Q_M1[jindx[j]+i][d1][d2/2];
+  }
+  if(r == 0.) nrerror("backtrack_qm1@2Dpfold.c: backtracking failed\n");
+
+  ii = my_iindx[i];
+  for (qt=0., l=i+TURN+1; l<=j; l++) {
+    type = ptype[ii-l];
+    if (type){
+      FLT_OR_DBL tmp = exp_E_MLstem(type, S1[i-1], S1[l+1], pf_params) * pow(pf_params->expMLbase, j-l) * scale[j-l];
+      /* compute the introduced distance to reference structures */
+      da = referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-j] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-l];
+      db = referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-j] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-l];
+      cnt1 = cnt2 = -1;
+      if(d1 == -1){
+        if(Q_B_rem[ii-l] != 0.){
+          qt += Q_B_rem[ii-l] * tmp;
+          if(qt >= r) goto backtrack_qm1_early_escape;
+        }
+        if(Q_B[ii-l])
+          for(cnt1 = k_min_values_b[ii-l];
+              cnt1 <= k_max_values_b[ii-l];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = l_min_values_b[ii-l][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= l_max_values_b[ii-l][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2)
+              if(((cnt1 + da) > maxD1) || ((cnt2 + db) > maxD2)){
+                qt += Q_B[ii-l][cnt1][cnt2/2] * tmp;
+                if(qt >= r) goto backtrack_qm1_early_escape;
+              }
+      }
+      else{
+        /* get energy contributions */
+        if(d1 >= da && d2 >= db)
+          if((d1 - da >= k_min_values_b[ii-l]) && (d1 - da <= k_max_values_b[ii-l]))
+            if((d2 - db >= l_min_values_b[ii-l][d1-da]) && (d2 - db <= l_max_values_b[ii-l][d1-da])){
+              cnt1 = d1 - da;
+              cnt2 = d2 - db;
+              qt += Q_B[ii-l][cnt1][cnt2/2] * tmp;
+              if (qt>=r) goto backtrack_qm1_early_escape;
+            }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (l>j) nrerror("backtrack failed in qm1");
+backtrack_qm1_early_escape:
+
+  backtrack(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, i,l);
+}
+
+PRIVATE void backtrack_qm(TwoDpfold_vars *vars, char *pstruc, int d1, int d2, unsigned int i, unsigned int j){
+  /* divide multiloop into qm and qm1  */
+  FLT_OR_DBL      r, *scale;
+  unsigned int    maxD1, maxD2, da, db, da2, db2;
+  unsigned int    *referenceBPs1, *referenceBPs2;
+  pf_paramT       *pf_params;     /* holds all [unscaled] pf parameters */
+  int             *my_iindx, *jindx, cnt1, cnt2, cnt3, cnt4;
+
+  pf_params   = vars->pf_params;
+  maxD1       = vars->maxD1;
+  maxD2       = vars->maxD2;
+  my_iindx    = vars->my_iindx;
+  jindx       = vars->jindx;
+  scale       = vars->scale;
+  referenceBPs1  = vars->referenceBPs1;
+  referenceBPs2  = vars->referenceBPs2;
+
+  FLT_OR_DBL  ***Q_M, ***Q_M1, *Q_M_rem, *Q_M1_rem;
+  int         *k_min_values_m, *k_max_values_m,*k_min_values_m1, *k_max_values_m1;
+  int         **l_min_values_m, **l_max_values_m,**l_min_values_m1, **l_max_values_m1;
+
+  Q_M = vars->Q_M;
+  k_min_values_m = vars->k_min_values_m;
+  k_max_values_m = vars->k_max_values_m;
+  l_min_values_m = vars->l_min_values_m;
+  l_max_values_m = vars->l_max_values_m;
+
+  Q_M1 = vars->Q_M1;
+  k_min_values_m1 = vars->k_min_values_m1;
+  k_max_values_m1 = vars->k_max_values_m1;
+  l_min_values_m1 = vars->l_min_values_m1;
+  l_max_values_m1 = vars->l_max_values_m1;
+  Q_M_rem   = vars->Q_M_rem;
+  Q_M1_rem  = vars->Q_M1_rem;
+
+  double qmt = 0;
+  unsigned int k;
+  while(j>i){
+    /* now backtrack  [i ... j] in qm[] */
+
+    /* find qm contribution */
+    if(d1 == -1)
+      r = urn() * Q_M_rem[my_iindx[i]-j];
+    else{
+      if(Q_M[my_iindx[i]-j])
+        if((d1 >= k_min_values_m[my_iindx[i]-j]) && (d1 <= k_max_values_m[my_iindx[i]-j]))
+          if((d2 >= l_min_values_m[my_iindx[i]-j][d1]) && (d2 <= l_max_values_m[my_iindx[i]-j][d1]))
+            r = urn() * Q_M[my_iindx[i]-j][d1][d2/2];
+    }
+    if(r == 0.) nrerror("backtrack_qm@2Dpfold.c: backtracking failed in finding qm contribution\n");
+
+    qmt = 0.;
+    if(d1 == -1){
+      if(Q_M1_rem[jindx[j]+i] != 0.){
+        qmt += Q_M1_rem[jindx[j]+i];
+        if(qmt >= r){
+          backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, i, j);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      for(k=i+1; k<=j; k++){
+        FLT_OR_DBL tmp = pow(pf_params->expMLbase, k-i) * scale[k-i];
+        if(Q_M1_rem[jindx[j]+k] != 0.){
+          qmt += Q_M1_rem[jindx[j]+k] * tmp;
+          if(qmt >= r){
+            backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, k, j);
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+        da2 = referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-j] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-j];
+        db2 = referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-j] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-j];
+        if(Q_M1[jindx[j]+k])
+          for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+k];
+              cnt1 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+k];
+              cnt1++)
+            for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+k][cnt1];
+                cnt2 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+k][cnt1];
+                cnt2 += 2)
+              if(((cnt1 + da2) > maxD1) || ((cnt2 + db2) > maxD2)){
+                qmt += Q_M1[jindx[j]+k][cnt1][cnt2/2] * tmp;
+                if(qmt >= r){
+                  backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, cnt1, cnt2, k, j);
+                  return;
+                }
+              }
+
+        da = da2 - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-k+1];
+        db = db2 - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-k+1];
+
+        cnt1 = cnt2 = cnt3 = cnt4 = -1;
+        if(Q_M_rem[my_iindx[i]-k+1] != 0.){
+          if(Q_M1_rem[jindx[j]+k] != 0.){
+            qmt += Q_M_rem[my_iindx[i]-k+1] * Q_M1_rem[jindx[j]+k];
+            if(qmt >= r) goto backtrack_qm_early_escape;
+          }
+          if(Q_M1[jindx[j]+k])
+            for(cnt3 = k_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+k];
+                cnt3 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+k];
+                cnt3++)
+              for(cnt4 = l_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+k][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+k][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 += 2){
+                qmt += Q_M_rem[my_iindx[i]-k+1] * Q_M1[jindx[j]+k][cnt3][cnt4/2];
+                if(qmt >= r) goto backtrack_qm_early_escape;
+              }
+        }
+        if(Q_M1_rem[jindx[j]+k] != 0.){
+          cnt3 = cnt4 = -1;
+          if(Q_M[my_iindx[i]-k+1])
+            for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m[my_iindx[i]-k+1];
+                cnt1 <= k_max_values_m[my_iindx[i]-k+1];
+                cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 <= l_max_values_m[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1];
+                  cnt2 += 2){
+                qmt += Q_M[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_M1_rem[jindx[j]+k];
+                if(qmt >= r) goto backtrack_qm_early_escape;
+              }
+        }
+
+        if(!Q_M[my_iindx[i]-k+1]) continue;
+        if(!Q_M1[jindx[j]+k]) continue;
+        for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m[my_iindx[i]-k+1];
+            cnt1 <= k_max_values_m[my_iindx[i]-k+1];
+            cnt1++)
+          for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1];
+              cnt2 <= l_max_values_m[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1];
+              cnt2 += 2)
+            for(cnt3 = k_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+k];
+                cnt3 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+k];
+                cnt3++)
+              for(cnt4 = l_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+k][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+k][cnt3];
+                  cnt4 += 2)
+                if(((cnt1 + cnt3 + da) > maxD1) || ((cnt2 + cnt4 + db) > maxD2)){
+                  qmt += Q_M[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_M1[jindx[j]+k][cnt3][cnt4/2];
+                  if(qmt >= r) goto backtrack_qm_early_escape;
+                }
+      }
+
+    }
+    else{
+      /* find corresponding qm1 contribution */
+      if(Q_M1[jindx[j]+i])
+        if((d1 >= k_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+i]) && (d1 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+i]))
+          if((d2 >= l_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+i][d1]) && (d2 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+i][d1])){
+            qmt = Q_M1[jindx[j]+i][d1][d2/2];
+          }
+
+      k=i;
+      if(qmt<r){
+        for(k=i+1; k<=j; k++){
+          /* calculate introduced distancies to reference structures */
+          da2 = referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-j] - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[k]-j];
+          db2 = referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-j] - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[k]-j];
+          da = da2 - referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-k+1];
+          db = db2 - referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-k+1];
+
+
+          FLT_OR_DBL tmp = pow(pf_params->expMLbase, k-i) * scale[k-i];
+
+          /* collect unpaired + qm1 contributions */
+          if(d1 >= da2 && d2 >= db2)
+            if((d1 - da2 >= k_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+k]) && (d1 - da2 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+k]))
+              if((d2 - db2 >= l_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+k][d1-da2]) && (d2 - db2 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+k][d1-da2])){
+                cnt3 = d1-da2;
+                cnt4 = d2-db2;
+                qmt += Q_M1[jindx[j]+k][cnt3][cnt4/2] * tmp;
+                if(qmt >= r){
+                  backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, cnt3, cnt4, k, j);
+                  return;
+                }
+              }
+
+          /* collect qm + qm1 contributions */
+          if(d1 >= da && d2 >= db && Q_M[my_iindx[i]-k+1] && Q_M1[jindx[j]+k])
+            for(cnt1 = k_min_values_m[my_iindx[i]-k+1]; cnt1 <= MIN2(k_max_values_m[my_iindx[i]-k+1], d1 - da); cnt1++)
+              for(cnt2 = l_min_values_m[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1]; cnt2 <= MIN2(l_max_values_m[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1], d2 - db); cnt2+=2)
+                if((d1 - da - cnt1 >= k_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+k]) && (d1 - da - cnt1 <= k_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+k]))
+                  if((d2 - db - cnt2 >= l_min_values_m1[jindx[j]+k][d1-da-cnt1]) && (d2 - db - cnt2 <= l_max_values_m1[jindx[j]+k][d1-da-cnt1])){
+                    cnt3 = d1 - da - cnt1;
+                    cnt4 = d2 - db - cnt2;
+                    qmt += Q_M[my_iindx[i]-k+1][cnt1][cnt2/2] * Q_M1[jindx[j]+k][cnt3][cnt4/2];
+                    if(qmt >= r) goto backtrack_qm_early_escape;
+                  }
+        }
+      }
+      else{
+        backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, d1, d2, k, j);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if(k>j) nrerror("backtrack_qm@2Dpfold.c: backtrack failed in qm");
+
+backtrack_qm_early_escape:
+
+    backtrack_qm1(vars, pstruc, cnt3, cnt4, k, j);
+
+    if(k<i+TURN) break; /* no more pairs */
+
+    d1 = cnt1;
+    d2 = cnt2;
+
+
+    if(d1 == referenceBPs1[my_iindx[i]-k+1] && d2 == referenceBPs2[my_iindx[i]-k+1]){
+      /* is interval [i,k] totally unpaired? */
+      FLT_OR_DBL tmp = pow(pf_params->expMLbase, k-i) * scale[k-i];
+      r = urn() * (Q_M[my_iindx[i]-k+1][d1][d2/2] + tmp);
+      if(tmp >= r) return; /* no more pairs */
+    }
+    j = k-1;
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+
+PRIVATE void  adjustArrayBoundaries(FLT_OR_DBL ***array,
+                                    int *k_min, int *k_max,
+                                    int **l_min, int **l_max,
+                                    int k_min_post, int k_max_post,
+                                    int *l_min_post, int *l_max_post){
+
+  int cnt1;
+  int k_diff_pre  = k_min_post - *k_min;
+  int mem_size    = k_max_post - k_min_post + 1;
+
+  if(k_min_post < INF){
+    /* free all the unused memory behind actual data */
+    for(cnt1 = k_max_post + 1; cnt1 <= *k_max; cnt1++){
+      (*array)[cnt1] += (*l_min)[cnt1]/2;
+      free((*array)[cnt1]);
+    }
+
+    /* free unused memory before actual data */
+    for(cnt1 = *k_min; cnt1 < k_min_post; cnt1++){
+      (*array)[cnt1] += (*l_min)[cnt1]/2;
+      free((*array)[cnt1]);
+    }
+    /* move data to front and thereby eliminating unused memory in front of actual data */
+    if(k_diff_pre > 0){
+      memmove((FLT_OR_DBL **)(*array),((FLT_OR_DBL **)(*array)) + k_diff_pre, sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL *) * mem_size);
+      memmove((int *) (*l_min),((int *) (*l_min)) + k_diff_pre, sizeof(int)   * mem_size);
+      memmove((int *) (*l_max),((int *) (*l_max)) + k_diff_pre, sizeof(int)   * mem_size);
+    }
+
+    /* reallocating memory to actual size used */
+    *array  +=  *k_min;
+    *array  =   (FLT_OR_DBL **)realloc(*array, sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL *) * mem_size);
+    *array  -=  k_min_post;
+
+    *l_min  +=  *k_min;
+    *l_min  =   (int *)realloc(*l_min, sizeof(int) * mem_size);
+    *l_min  -=   k_min_post;
+
+    *l_max  +=  *k_min;
+    *l_max  =   (int *)realloc(*l_max, sizeof(int) * mem_size);
+    *l_max  -=  k_min_post;
+
+
+    for(cnt1 = k_min_post; cnt1 <= k_max_post; cnt1++){
+      if(l_min_post[cnt1] < INF){
+        /* new memsize */
+        mem_size        = (l_max_post[cnt1] - l_min_post[cnt1] + 1)/2 + 1;
+        /* reshift the pointer */
+        (*array)[cnt1]  += (*l_min)[cnt1]/2;
+
+        int shift       = (l_min_post[cnt1]%2 == (*l_min)[cnt1]%2) ? 0 : 1;
+        /* eliminate unused memory in front of actual data */
+        unsigned int    start = (l_min_post[cnt1] - (*l_min)[cnt1])/2 + shift;
+        if(start > 0)
+          memmove((FLT_OR_DBL *)((*array)[cnt1]), (FLT_OR_DBL *)((*array)[cnt1])+start, sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL) * mem_size);
+        (*array)[cnt1]  = (FLT_OR_DBL *) realloc((*array)[cnt1], sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL) * mem_size);
+
+        (*array)[cnt1]  -= l_min_post[cnt1]/2;
+      }
+      else{
+        /* free according memory */
+        (*array)[cnt1] += (*l_min)[cnt1]/2;
+        free((*array)[cnt1]);
+      }
+
+      (*l_min)[cnt1] = l_min_post[cnt1];
+      (*l_max)[cnt1] = l_max_post[cnt1];
+    }
+  }
+  else{
+    /* we have to free all unused memory */
+    for(cnt1 = *k_min; cnt1 <= *k_max; cnt1++){
+      (*array)[cnt1] += (*l_min)[cnt1]/2;
+      free((*array)[cnt1]);
+    }
+    (*l_min) += *k_min;
+    (*l_max) += *k_min;
+    free(*l_min);
+    free(*l_max);
+    (*array) += *k_min;
+    free(*array);
+    *array = NULL;
+  }
+
+  l_min_post  += *k_min;
+  l_max_post  += *k_min;
+  *k_min      = k_min_post;
+  *k_max      = k_max_post;
+
+  free(l_min_post);
+  free(l_max_post);
+}
+
+
+INLINE PRIVATE void preparePosteriorBoundaries(int size, int shift, int *min_k, int *max_k, int **min_l, int **max_l){
+  int i;
+  *min_k  = INF;
+  *max_k  = 0;
+
+  *min_l  = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * size);
+  *max_l  = (int *)space(sizeof(int) * size);
+
+  for(i = 0; i < size; i++){
+    (*min_l)[i] = INF;
+    (*max_l)[i] = 0;
+  }
+
+  *min_l  -= shift;
+  *max_l  -= shift;
+}
+
+INLINE PRIVATE void updatePosteriorBoundaries(int d1, int d2, int *min_k, int *max_k, int **min_l, int **max_l){
+  (*min_l)[d1]  = MIN2((*min_l)[d1], d2);
+  (*max_l)[d1]  = MAX2((*max_l)[d1], d2);
+  *min_k        = MIN2(*min_k, d1);
+  *max_k        = MAX2(*max_k, d1);
+}
+
+INLINE PRIVATE  void  prepareBoundaries(int min_k_pre, int max_k_pre, int min_l_pre, int max_l_pre, int bpdist, int *min_k, int *max_k, int **min_l, int **max_l){
+  int cnt;
+  int mem = max_k_pre - min_k_pre + 1;
+
+  *min_k  = min_k_pre;
+  *max_k  = max_k_pre;
+  *min_l  = (int *) space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+  *max_l  = (int *) space(sizeof(int) * mem);
+
+  *min_l  -= min_k_pre;
+  *max_l  -= min_k_pre;
+
+  /* for each k guess the according minimum l*/
+  for(cnt = min_k_pre; cnt <= max_k_pre; cnt++){
+    (*min_l)[cnt] = min_l_pre;
+    (*max_l)[cnt] = max_l_pre;
+    while((*min_l)[cnt] + cnt < bpdist) (*min_l)[cnt]++;
+    if((bpdist % 2) != (((*min_l)[cnt] + cnt) % 2)) (*min_l)[cnt]++;
+  }
+}
+
+INLINE PRIVATE  void  prepareArray(FLT_OR_DBL ***array, int min_k, int max_k, int *min_l, int *max_l){
+  int i, mem;
+  *array  = (FLT_OR_DBL **)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL *) * (max_k - min_k + 1));
+  *array  -= min_k;
+
+  for(i = min_k; i <= max_k; i++){
+    mem         = (max_l[i] - min_l[i] + 1)/2 + 1;
+    (*array)[i] = (FLT_OR_DBL *)space(sizeof(FLT_OR_DBL) * mem);
+    (*array)[i] -= min_l[i]/2;
+  }
+}
+